Terms Of Cost Analysis Research Articles

The Effect of Differences In Soil Nailing Length On The Value Of Safety Factor (Case Study: D.I. Batang Sinamar Project)


 
 
 
 Construction of irrigation canals in the Batang Sinamar area, Sumatra, is carried out in the highlands. The soil on the slope is known to have soft soil consistency. So, it is necessary to analyze the reinforcement design for slopes with soft soil conditions to avoid problems in the future. In this plan, design analysis is carried out using soil nailing, which is planned with different depths, namely 8 meters and 10 meters. Reinforcement analysis will be carried out with the FEM program. From the analysis results, a comparison of the effectiveness of the design will be carried out in terms of cost analysis and the method of implementation. From the analysis results, it was found that the length of soil nailing of 8 meters was more effective in terms of the safety factor value, cost analysis, and duration of the implementation method.
 
 
 

Effects of repeated use of disposable FURS on efficiency, safety and cost analysis

In this study, we aimed to examine cost analysis and evaluate the results of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) performed with reusable and disposable flexible ureteroscope (FURS) devices in our clinic. In total, we included 96 patients who underwent RIRS surgery for kidney stones with reusable FURS (n = 49) and disposable FURS (n = 47). There were noted preoperative demographic data and stone characteristics of the patients. Also, operation time, fluoroscopy time, hospitalization time, urethral catheter removal time, return to work time, complication rates and cost per procedure were collected and analyzed. There were no significant differences between each groups in terms of demographic characteristics of retrospectively analyzed the data of 96 patients. In addition, the comparison made in terms of operative and postoperative results in both groups was similar. We determined significant difference for mean cost per case compared two groups. There were cost per case $ 293,87 in group 1 and $ 191,48 in group 2. We determined that the repeated use of disposable FURS compared in terms of cost analysis is a safe, effective and low cost method without increasing the infection frequency.

The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of IraPEN Program in the General Population of Iran.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to over 30% of deaths worldwide and more than 40% in Iran in 2019. Establishing a cost-effective program to control cardiovascular diseases is essential for any country. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the primary prevention program (IraPEN) for cardiovascular diseases in Iran. Methods: This methodological cost-effectiveness study was performed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the IraPEN program by modifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in the IraPEN program. We calculated the economic burden of CVDs risk factors from 2016 to 2018 in 4 pilot cities in Iran. We observed 160,833 individuals for 2 years to measure the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases. To estimate the variation of the 1-year risk of cardiovascular illnesses, and according to the study's goal of estimating the 1-year risk of cardiovascular disease, only 36,631 people remained in the study who compiled the program's instruction for 1 year. Propensity scores were used to consider the effect of those excluded from the study. The 10-year risk of CVDs was estimated by the laboratory tests and information registered in the population’s electronic records. To evaluate the effect of the IraPEN program in reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, major CVD risk factors were studied by the World Health Organization formula (whocvdrisk) and cardiovascular diseases risk scoring. We used the 10-year risk for CVDs to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis in terms of cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) saved. Results: According to estimates of the 1-year relative risk reduction in cardiovascular disease, the results showed that relative risk reductions for men and women were 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. Hence, about 174,088 annual acute CVDs events reduction would be expected; this decrease is predicted for men (93,034) more than women (81,054) for the total population of Iran. The total cost of treatment for people with cardiovascular diseases was 165 USD for coronary heart disease or stroke per individual. All risk factors were further reduced in women than men, except for smoking. DALYs averted was 1057.66 for samples who were in the study for a year (36631 samples). The total cost per averted DALY was 47.16. Conclusion: Estimating the costs associated with disease prevention programs is more important in developing countries. The most cost-effective strategies have been preventive therapies that target high-risk individuals. PEN risk reduction programs for primary prevention such as Ira-pen are highly cost-effective and efficient in low- and middle-income countries.

Analysis Comparissons of Ereciton Girder Implementations Methods Using Laucher Gantry and Crawler Crane Based on Cost and Time

Toll road infrastructure work in recent years has been carried out, one of which is cimanggiscibitung toll road project which has Elevated work that requires methods that must be considered. This final task aims to find out the comparison in terms of cost and time of erection girder work method using Gantry Launcher and Crawler Crane and compare the two effective tools in erection girder work in Cimanggis-Cibitung Toll Road Construction project Section II Cibubur Area. The method of data collection is primary data and secondary data, then perform a comparative analysis in terms of cost and time on the erection girder method using Launcher Gantry and Crawler Crane by calculating cycle time and price unit index. Then the researchers used quantitative research method by disseminating questionnaires to experts who are employees of PT. Waskita Karya Tbk. who works in cimanggi-cibitung toll road construction project section II Cibubur area with variables that affect the effectiveness of Gantry Launcher and Crawler Crane tools on Erection Girder work. Then the data of thequestionnaire results are made for conclusion. The results of this study showed that erection girder method using Crawler Crane is faster and cheaper compared to Erection Girder using Gantry Launcher. Then from the results of the questionnaire Gantry Launcher tool gets a presentation of 80%. Of the 10 variables the question has already been asked. and from the results of the questionnaire crane crawler tool obtained a percentage of 88% of the 10 variables of questions already asked. Keywords: Erection Girder, Launcher Gantry, Crawler Crane.

Performance Estimation Modeling via Machine Learning of an Agrophotovoltaic System in South Korea

The Agrophotovoltaic (APV) system is a novel concept in the field of Renewable Energy Systems. This system enables the generation of solar energy via photo-voltaic (PV) modules above crops, to mitigate harmful impact on food production. This study aims to develop a performance evaluation model for an APV system in a temperate climate region, such as South Korea. To this end, both traditional electricity generation models (solar radiation-based model and climate-based model) of PV modules and two major machine learning (ML) techniques (i.e., polynomial regression and deep learning) have been considered. Electricity generation data was collected via remote sensors installed in the APV system at Jeollanam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in South Korea. Moreover, economic analysis in terms of cost and benefit of the subject APV system was conducted to provide information about the return on investment to farmers and government agencies. As a result, farmers, agronomists, and agricultural engineers can easily estimate performance and profit of their APV systems via the proposed performance model.

PCN64 Cost Per Objective Response With Dabrafenib+Trametinib As The First Line Of Treatment In Patients With Unresectable Or Metastatic Melanoma With BRAF V600 Mutation In Colombia

The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis in terms of cost per objective response with dabrafenib+trametinib compared to vemurafenib+cobimetinib and pembrolizumab, as the first line of treatment in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation, from the perspective of the Colombian health system.

Optimal routing in VANET using improved meta‐heuristic approach: a variant of Jaya

VANETs are so-called vehicular ad hoc networks, they enable cost-effective, scalable solutions, and hence, they can be applicable in entertainment and transportation platforms with the assistance of multi-hop wireless communications from vehicle-to-vehicle. Conversely, in VANET circumstance, the multi-hop communication development is still a challenging one because of the quick change in topology and regular disconnection of a network. This directs to inefficiency or routing failure in existing mobile ad hoc routing protocols. To resolve routing issues, the number of research studies is going on to attain the multi-constrained Quality of Service (QoS) metrics in VANET. This study intends to propose a cost model as the solution for vehicle routing problem by considering the network quality metrics, including congestion, travel, collision, and QoS awareness cost. Fuzzification of the QoS factor is also included in this entire routing cost. Further, the primary objective of this work focuses on the minimisation of the routing cost model by finding the optimal route. To find an optimal route, this study introduces a new algorithm, namely Mean Computing Jaya Algorithm. At last, the performance of the proposed model is compared with existing work in the literature in terms of cost analysis and convergence analysis, and proves the betterment of the proposed model with reduced routing cost.

Evaluation of Laboratory Productivity Commission

Amaç: Bu araştırmada amacımız, Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (SÜEAH) laboratuvar verimlilik komisyon (LVK) çalışmalarının, laboratuvar maliyet analizi açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Materyal ve Metod: Laboratuvar verimlilik analizi için metodumuz, LVK’nın kuruluş tarihinden altı ay öncesi ve altı ay sonrası verileri otomasyon üzerinden geriye dönük tarayarak, komisyon çalışmalarını maliyet analizi açısından istatistiksel olarak değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada incelenecek olan testler şu şekilde belirlenmiştir; Alfa feto protein (AFP), anti tiroglobulin, anti tiroid peroksidaz (Anti TPO), beta hCG, C-peptid, CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, karsino embriyonik antijen (CEA), dehidro-epi androstenedion sulfat (DHEA-sülfat), Folat, Estradiol, Ferritin, folikül stimülan hormon (FSH), Progesteron, Prolaktin, total prostatik antijen (Total PSA), tiroksin 3 (T3), tiroksin 4 (T4), tiroid stimülan hormon (TSH), seks hormonu bağlayıcı globülin (SHBG), Vit B12. Bulgular: Çalışılan tüm testlerin istem sayılarında azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak bazı testlerdeki azalma dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. Bu testlerden en fazla istem sayısı azalan %42,19 oranı ile T3 testidir. En az istem sayısı azalan ise, %3,22 oranı ile C-peptid olmuştur. Sonuç: LVK çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler göstermektedir ki; hastanelerde önemli miktarda gereksiz ve test istemleri hastane bilgi yönetim sisteminde (HBYS) mevcuttur. Bu durum kurulacak LVK’ları tarafından düzeltilebilir niteliktedir.

Intramedullary nailing versus minimally invasive plating in the treatment of distal tibial extra-articular fractures: Comparison of cost-analysis in Turkey

Background Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nailing (IMN) are the two most commonly used methods for distal tibial extra-articular fractures; however, the ideal treatment is still on debate. The aim of this study was to compare MIPO and IMN in the treatment of distal tibial extra-articular fractures in terms of cost analysis according to health insurance records in Turkey. Methods The data of patients who underwent either MIPO or IMN for the treatment of distal tibial extra-articular fractures between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients' clinical data, as well as the overall expenses from the first admission until return to work including hospitalization, and all outpatient controls had been reviewed from the hospital's billing department. The total amount of money paid per month by Turkish National Social Security Institution to the patient until the patient's returns to work were also recorded. Results 118 consecutive patients (35 female-83 male) with the mean age of 37.2±13.4 were participated to the study. IMN group consisted of 57 patients with a mean age of 36.7±12.8 years, and MIPO group consisted of 61 patients with a mean age of 37.8±13.6 years. No significant differences were observed between study groups in terms patients' age, gender, fracture classification (AO/OTA: Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopedic Trauma Association), soft-tissue injury (Tscherne classification), presence of type 1 open fracture, and presence of accompanying fibula fracture. There was no statistical difference between two groups in terms of pre-operative hospital stay (p=0.713). However, the mean length of hospital stay was significantly higher in the MIPO group (p= Conclusion According to the results acquired from the present study, IMN is a better option compared to MIPO for the treatment of extra-articular distal tibial fractures in terms of costs paid by the national health insurance in Turkey.

Water wave optimization-based routing protocol for vehicular adhoc networks

It is well known that Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) plays the major role in the field of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to enhance road safety as well. The entire communication among vehicles is covered in VANETs. Since the number of researches is in progress for the enhancement of VANET model. Usually, the issues arising with this field is the achievement of multi-constrained Quality of Service (QoS) measures. To solve this issue, our paper intends to propose a cost model that considers certain network quality measures like travel, collision, congestion and the awareness about the QoS. Moreover, this paper adopts a renowned algorithm named Water Wave Optimization algorithm (WWO) to find the optimal route. The proposed method analyses its performance over other conventional methods like Lion Algorithm (LA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and LA with Adaptive Mutation (LAAM) in terms of cost analysis, Convergence analysis and Computational time. Then the analytical results prove the superiority of proposed work in terms of decreased routing cost.

Cost analysis and price variation of commonly used drugs in obstetrics and gynecology in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan, India

Background: Drugs used in obstetrics and gynecology are strong selling drugs in pharmaceutical market but they are the least studied drugs in terms of cost analysis and price variation.Methods: Cost of most commonly used Obstetrics and Gynecology drugs in Jhalwar district manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from Drug Today (January-March 2018). The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in cost per 10 tablets/10 capsule/1 injection/1 protein packet/1 sachet were analysed.Results: In Obstetrics drugs, the highest cost ratio (1:9.5) and percentage price variation (848) was found for Ferrous Salt + Folic acid combination followed by Cefixime (1:4.3, 330), Nifedipine (1:3.7, 270), Folic acid (1:3.67, 266), Paracetamol. Amoxicillin was having least cost ratio (1:1.4) and percentage price variation (37). Maximum number of brand available for Ferrous Salt + Folic acid combination (41) followed by Paracetamol, Calcium Salt + Vitamin D3 combination. In Gynecological drugs, the highest cost ratio (1:35) and percentage price variation (3433) was found for Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgetral combination followed by Doxycycline (1:8.9, 793), Fluconazole. Metronidazole was having least cost ratio (1:1.3) and percentage price variation (27). Maximum number of brand available for Omeperazole (27) followed by Ethamsylate (22).Conclusions: This study shows that the average percentage price variation of different brands of the same drugs were very wide. Improved adherence to the drug treatment can be ensured by decreasing the cost of therapy, which can be done by changes in the government policies and regulations, integrating pharmacoeconomics as part of medical education curriculum, and creating awareness among treating physicians for switching to cost effective therapy.

Design and Fabrication of Tilted Hot-air Fish Dryer Using Heat Sensor

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Fluticasone furoate/Vilanterol 92/22 μg once-a-day vs Beclomethasone dipropionate/ Formoterol 100/6 μg b.i.d.: a 12-week cost analysis in mild-to-moderate asthma

Background: Asthma is a disease with high cost for the National Health Service. Two of the most recent LABA/ICS combinations for persistent bronchial asthma are Beclomethasone dipropionate/Formoterol (B/F) delivered via the Nexthaler device and Fluticasone furoate/Vilanterol (F/V) delivered via the Ellipta device. No comparison has been carried out yet in terms of cost analysis in asthma, to our knowledge. Aim of the present monocentric, observational, retrospective study was to calculate and compare the costs of mild-to-moderate asthma patients assuming B/F 100/6 μg b.i.d. to those of patients assuming F/V 92/22 μg once-a-day over a 12-week treatment period from the Italian National Health Service perspective. Methods: Data were obtained automatically and anonymously from the institutional database of the Lung Unit of the Specialist Medical Centre (CEMS), Verona, Italy, UNI EN ISO 9001-2008 validated. FEV1 values, number of relapses, healthcare resources as hospitalizations due to asthma relapses, days of hospitalization, general practitioner (GP), specialist visits, and days of inactivity, were recorded over the study period together with the use of extra medications (systemic steroids and antibiotics). In order to compare the outcomes achieved in both groups, the propensity score matching method was used in STATA, and statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05. Results: Clinical data of 77 patients treated with B/F b.i.d (Group A) and of 40 patients treated with F/V 92/22 μg once-a-day (Group B) were selected. The PS-matching process, designed as matching on the baseline covariates, gender, age, FEV1 and comorbidities, returned a cohort of 40 group A patients of the entire cohort matched with 40 patients of group B, fully comparable for demographics and clinical characteristics. In the PS-matched cohort, the mean (±SE) number of relapses per patient during the follow-up was 0.53 (±0.12) in group A and 0.28 (±0.07) in group B. In group A, n = 25 (62.50 %), n = 9 (22.50 %), and n = 6 (15 %) patients had 0, 1, 2 relapses, respectively. In group B, n=29 (72.50 %), and n = 11 (27.50 %) had 0 and 1 relapse, respectively. Over the study period, the average number of hospitalizations per patient was 0.15 (±0.06), with 0.28 (±0.12) days of hospitalization in group A, and 0.08 (±0.04) with 0.08 (±0.04) days of hospitalization in group B, respectively. The difference between the two groups in terms of FEV1(L) improvement vs baseline was 0.11 in favour of group B (p = 0.007). When results were compared, the improvement in lung function obtained in group B proved significantly higher both in terms of absolute FEV1 and of FEV1 % predicted. The mean (±SE) cost of hospitalizations per patient was € 345.30 (±133.23) in group A and € 172.65 (±98.18) in group B, respectively, with a mean not significant difference of - € 172.65 in favour of group B (p = 0.9). In particular, the mean (±SE) cost for visits per patient was € 26.82 (±3.73) in group A and € 11.36 (±2.30) in group B (p = 0.002), and the mean cost for rescue medications per patient was € 35.24 (±6.93) in group A, and € 18.73 (±3.38) in group B, respectively (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Even if both ICS/LABA combinations were checked over a limited period of time, they seem characterized by a different profile in terms of effect on lung function and economic impact on mild-tomoderate asthma. The once-daily inhalation of combined Fluticasone furoate/Vilanterol 92/22 μg showed the potential for enhanced clinical outcomes and reduced costs when compared to Beclomethasone dipropionate/Formoterol 100/6 μg b.i.d.

Fluticasone furoate/Vilanterol 92/22 μg once-a-day vs Beclomethasone dipropionate/ Formoterol 100/6 μg b.i.d.: a 12-week cost analysis in mild-to-moderate asthma

BackgroundAsthma is a disease with high cost for the National Health Service. Two of the most recent LABA/ICS combinations for persistent bronchial asthma are Beclomethasone dipropionate/Formoterol (B/F) delivered via the Nexthaler device and Fluticasone furoate/Vilanterol (F/V) delivered via the Ellipta device. No comparison has been carried out yet in terms of cost analysis in asthma, to our knowledge. Aim of the present monocentric, observational, retrospective study was to calculate and compare the costs of mild-to-moderate asthma patients assuming B/F 100/6 μg b.i.d. to those of patients assuming F/V 92/22 μg once-a-day over a 12-week treatment period from the Italian National Health Service perspective.MethodsData were obtained automatically and anonymously from the institutional database of the Lung Unit of the Specialist Medical Centre (CEMS), Verona, Italy, UNI EN ISO 9001-2008 validated. FEV1 values, number of relapses, healthcare resources as hospitalizations due to asthma relapses, days of hospitalization, general practitioner (GP), specialist visits, and days of inactivity, were recorded over the study period together with the use of extra medications (systemic steroids and antibiotics). In order to compare the outcomes achieved in both groups, the propensity score matching method was used in STATA, and statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05.ResultsClinical data of 77 patients treated with B/F b.i.d (Group A) and of 40 patients treated with F/V 92/22 μg once-a-day (Group B) were selected. The PS-matching process, designed as matching on the baseline covariates, gender, age, FEV1 and comorbidities, returned a cohort of 40 group A patients of the entire cohort matched with 40 patients of group B, fully comparable for demographics and clinical characteristics. In the PS-matched cohort, the mean (±SE) number of relapses per patient during the follow-up was 0.53 (±0.12) in group A and 0.28 (±0.07) in group B. In group A, n = 25 (62.50 %), n = 9 (22.50 %), and n = 6 (15 %) patients had 0, 1, 2 relapses, respectively. In group B, n = 29 (72.50 %), and n = 11 (27.50 %) had 0 and 1 relapse, respectively. Over the study period, the average number of hospitalizations per patient was 0.15 (±0.06), with 0.28 (±0.12) days of hospitalization in group A, and 0.08 (±0.04) with 0.08 (±0.04) days of hospitalization in group B, respectively. The difference between the two groups in terms of FEV1(L) improvement vs baseline was 0.11 in favour of group B (p = 0.007). When results were compared, the improvement in lung function obtained in group B proved significantly higher both in terms of absolute FEV1 and of FEV1 % predicted. The mean (±SE) cost of hospitalizations per patient was € 345.30 (±133.23) in group A and € 172.65 (±98.18) in group B, respectively, with a mean not significant difference of - € 172.65 in favour of group B (p = 0.9). In particular, the mean (±SE) cost for visits per patient was € 26.82 (±3.73) in group A and € 11.36 (±2.30) in group B (p = 0.002), and the mean cost for rescue medications per patient was € 35.24 (±6.93) in group A, and € 18.73 (±3.38) in group B, respectively (p = 0.05).ConclusionsEven if both ICS/LABA combinations were checked over a limited period of time, they seem characterized by a different profile in terms of effect on lung function and economic impact on mild-to-moderate asthma. The once-daily inhalation of combined Fluticasone furoate/Vilanterol 92/22 μg showed the potential for enhanced clinical outcomes and reduced costs when compared to Beclomethasone dipropionate/Formoterol 100/6 μg b.i.d.

Zero discharge process for foil industry waste acid reclamation: Coupling of diffusion dialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

A zero discharge process was proposed to totally recover both acid and aluminum resource from the waste acid in foil industry. Diffusion dialysis (DD) was coupled with electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) in this process, in which most of the free acid was first recovered by DD; and the resulting waste dialysate was further basified by EDBM, recovering aluminum resource and the rest of free acid. Through this process, all components in waste acid were recovered as valuable chemicals, resulting in zero discharge of dangerous effluents. This process is profitable in terms of cost analysis and significantly reduces the environmental burden of foil industry, enabling the foil industry to be more cost-effective, more environmental friendly and more sustainable.

Comparison of inguinal hernia repairs performed with lichtenstein, rutkow-robbins, and gilbert double layer graft methods.

Tension-free repairs are performed commonly in inguinal hernia operations. The objective of the present study is to compare the outcomes of three different tension-free repair methods known as Lichtenstein, Rutkow-Robbins, and Gilbert double layer. One-hundred and fifty patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia were randomly split into three groups. The comparisons across groups were carried out in terms of operation length, postoperative pain, femoral vein flow velocity, early and late complications, recurrence rates, length of hospital stay, time required to return to work, and cost analysis. No difference was found between the groups regarding age, gender, type and classification of hernia, postoperative pain, and late complications (p > 0.05). Operation length was 53.70 ± 12.32min in the Lichtenstein group, 44.29 ± 12.37min in the Rutkow-Robbins group, and 45.21 ± 14.36min in the Gilbert group (p < 0.05). Mean preoperative and postoperative femoral vein flow velocity values were 13.88 ± 2.237 and 13.42 ± 2.239cm/s for Lichtenstein group, 12.64 ± 2.98 and 12.16 ± 2.736cm/s for Rutkow-Robbins group, and 16.02 ± 3.19 and 15.52 ± 3.358cm/s for the Gilbert group, respectively. Statistical difference was found between all the groups (p < 0.001). However, no difference was determined between the groups regarding the decrease rates (p = 0.977). Among early complications, hematoma was observed in one (2%) patient of Lichtenstein group, five (10%) patients of Rutkow-Robbins group, and three (6%) patients of Gilbert group (p = 0.033). Cost analysis produced the following results for Lichtenstein, Rutkow-Robbins, and Gilbert groups: US $157.94 ± 50.05, $481.57 ± 11.32, and $501.51 ± 73.59, respectively (p < 0.001). Lichtenstein operation was found to be more advantageous compared with the other techniques in terms of cost analysis as well as having unaffected femoral blood flow. Therefore, we believe that Lichtenstein repair is still the most appropriate surgical option in patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia.

Quality production of kharif onion (Allium cepa) in response to biofertilizers inoculated organic manures

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a highly nutrient responsive vegetable crop. In the light of fragmental information available on the response of kharif onion to biofertilizers enriched organic manures, a field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2006–08 on acidic kaolinitic Rhodustalf soil representing foothill conditions of Nagaland. Amongst different organic manures, poultry manure produced the highest response on bulb yield (21.18 tonnes/ha), followed by FYM (16.74 tonnes/ha), vermicompost (14.37 tonnes/ha) = pig manure (12.74 tonnes/ha). Incorporation of Azotobacter chroococcum into different organic manures failed to improvise any significant changes in bulb yield due to high initial microbial abundance in organic manures. Different growth-attributing characters followed the similar response. Poultry manure similarly registered highest nutrient uptake as kg/ha (26.39 N – 10.91 P – 55.96 K), followed by FYM (22.80 N – 9.10 P – 47.90 K) with Pig manure and vermicompost (15.08/16.72 N – 7.30/10.91 P – 51.02/55.96 K) displaying no significant difference. Economic analysis in terms of cost : benefit ratio supported these observations. These studies proposed that if organic manures possess enough initial microbial load, the biofortification of organic manures need not be exercised.

Hybrid surgery versus percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for the thrombosed hemodialysis autogenous arteriovenous fistulas

PurposeFor the successful treatment of thrombosed autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF), we designed and performed a hybrid surgery. Its clinical outcomes were compared with those of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, retrospectively.MethodsForty cases of thrombosed autogenous AVFs underwent hybrid surgery, whereas 19 cases received percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy. Hybrid surgery consisted of surgical thrombectomy, balloon angioplasty and/or additional surgical angioplasty. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy included catheter-introduced thrombus aspiration, balloon angioplasty and/or stenting. Procedure related outcomes such as technical success rates and primary patency rates were analyzed, retrospectively.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic data of the patients including age, gender, diabetes status, and frequency of antiplatelet use, as well as the characteristics of thrombosed autogenous AVFs such as access age, site, type, and length of time between thrombosis and AVF creation (P > 0.05). Technical success rates (92.5% vs. 68.4%, P = 0.005, respectively) and primary patency rates (85.9% vs. 36.8% at 6 months, 81.1% vs. 26.3% at 12 months, 81.1% vs.21.1% at 18 and 24 months respectively, log-rank test, (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the hybrid surgery group. In terms of cost analysis, supply cost was not different (P = 0.065), but total cost was statistically lower in the hybrid surgery group (P = 0.019).ConclusionHybrid surgery showed better technical success rates and patency rates in the salvaging of thrombosed autogenous AVFs than in percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy.

The Folded Crossed Cube : A New Interconnection Network For Parallel Systems

of parallel computer interconnection network topology has been made along with the various interconnection networks emphasizing the cube based topologies in particular. This paper proposes a new cube based topology called the Folded crossed cube with better features such as reduced diameter, cost and improved broadcast time, better fault tolerance and better message traffic density in comparison to its parent topologies: viz: hypercube and crossed cube. The one-to-one routing algorithm is also designed for the proposed network. The topological properties along with routing time are compared with the parent topologies and found to be better. Performance analysis in terms of cost, reliability is also done for the current network.

Energy and exergy analyses on a novel hybrid solar heating, cooling and power generation system for remote areas

In this study, a small scale hybrid solar heating, chilling and power generation system, including parabolic trough solar collector with cavity receiver, a helical screw expander and silica gel–water adsorption chiller, etc., was proposed and extensively investigated. The system has the merits of effecting the power generation cycle at lower temperature level with solar energy more efficiently and can provide both thermal energy and power for remote off-grid regions. A case study was carried out to evaluate an annual energy and exergy efficiency of the system under the climate of northwestern region of China. It is found that both the main energy and exergy loss take place at the parabolic trough collector, amount to 36.2% and 70.4%, respectively. Also found is that the studied system can have a higher solar energy conversion efficiency than the conventional solar thermal power generation system alone. The energy efficiency can be increased to 58.0% from 10.2%, and the exergy efficiency can be increased to 15.2% from 12.5%. Moreover, the economical analysis in terms of cost and payback period (PP) has been carried out. The study reveals that the proposed system the PP of the proposed system is about 18 years under present energy price conditions. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the interest rate decreases to 3% or energy price increase by 50%, PP will be less than 10 years.