Analysis Of Systems Research Articles

Exploring the Mechanisms of Self-made Kuiyu Pingchang Recipe for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome using a Network Pharmacology-based Approach and Molecular Docking.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common intestinal diseases. According to the clinical experience and curative effect, the authors formulated Kuiyu Pingchang Decoction (KYPCD) comprised of Paeoniae radix alba, Aurantii Fructus, Herba euphorbiae humifusae, Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia, Angelicae sinensis radix, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Platycodon grandiforus and Allium azureum Ledeb. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of KYPCD in the treatment of UC and IBS following the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of "Treating different diseases with the same treatment". The chemical ingredients and targets of KYPCD were obtained using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The targets of UC and IBS were extracted using the DisGeNET, GeneCards, DrugBANK, OMIM and TTD databases. The "TCM-component-target" network and the "TCM-shared target-disease" network were imaged using Cytoscape software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built using the STRING database. The DAVID platform was used to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Using Autodock Tools software, the main active components of KYPCD were molecularly docked with their targets and visualized using PyMOL. A total of 46 active ingredients of KYPCD corresponding to 243 potential targets, 1,565 targets of UC and 1,062 targets of IBS, and 70 targets among active ingredients and two diseases were screened. Core targets in the PPI network included IL6, TNF, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, EGFR and VEGFA. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated 563 biological processes, 48 cellular components, 82 molecular functions and 144 signaling pathways. KEGG enrichment results revealed that the regulated pathways were mainly related to the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, HIF-1 and IL-17 pathways. The results of molecular docking analysis indicated that the core active ingredients of KYPCD had optimal binding activity to their corresponding targets. KYPCD may use IL6, TNF, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, EGFR and VEGFA as the key targets to achieve the treatment of UC and IBS through the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, HIF-1 and IL-17 pathways.

Research on the Regulatory Mechanism of Ginseng on the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Validation.

A network pharmacology study on the biological action of ginseng in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) by regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). To investigate the potential mechanism of action of ginseng in the treatment of CRC by regulating TME. This research employed network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and bioinformatics validation. Firstly, the active ingredients and the corresponding targets of ginseng were retrieved using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID), and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan (TCM Database@Taiwan). Secondly, the targets related to CRC were retrieved using Genecards, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). Tertiary, the targets related to TME were derived from screening the GeneCards and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)-Gene. Then the common targets of ginseng, CRC, and TME were obtained by Venn diagram. Afterward, the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed in the STRING 11.5 database, intersecting targets identified by PPI analysis were introduced into Cytoscape 3.8.2 software cytoHubba plugin, and the final determination of core targets was based on degree value. The OmicShare Tools platform was used to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the core targets. Autodock and PyMOL were used for molecular docking verification and visual data analysis of docking results. Finally, we verified the core targets by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases in bioinformatics. A total of 22 active ingredients and 202 targets were identified to be closely related to the TME of CRC. PPI network mapping identified SRC, STAT3, PIK3R1, HSP90AA1, and AKT1 as possible core targets. Go enrichment analysis showed that it was mainly involved in T cell co-stimulation, lymphocyte co-stimulation, growth hormone response, protein input, and other biological processes; KEGG pathway analysis found 123 related signal pathways, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, chemokine signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, etc. The molecular docking results showed that the main chemical components of ginseng have a stable binding activity to the core targets. The results of the GEPIA database showed that the mRNA levels of PIK3R1 were significantly lowly expressed and HSP90AA1 was significantly highly expressed in CRC tissues. Analysis of the relationship between core target mRNA levels and the pathological stage of CRC showed that the levels of SRC changed significantly with the pathological stage. The HPA database results showed that the expression levels of SRC were increased in CRC tissues, while the expression of STAT3, PIK3R1, HSP90AA1, and AKT1 were decreased in CRC tissues. Ginseng may act on SRC, STAT3, PIK3R1, HSP90AA1, and AKT1 to regulate T cell costimulation, lymphocyte costimulation, growth hormone response, protein input as a molecular mechanism regulating TME for CRC. It reflects the multi-target and multi-pathway role of ginseng in modulating TME for CRC, which provides new ideas to further reveal its pharmacological basis, mechanism of action and new drug design and development.

Exploring the impact of AI-driven and blockchain-enabled tax filing systems on smes in the era of technological innovation: A review of benefits, challenges, and adoption barriers

The emergence of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities for tax compliance, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These technologies promise to enhance tax system accuracy, efficiency, and transparency. However, their adoption is accompanied by significant challenges and barriers. This review analyzes the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of integrating AI and blockchain technologies into tax systems, with a focus on their impact on SMEs. It seeks to provide insights into how these technologies can reshape tax compliance and identify areas requiring further research. The review revealed that AI enhances accuracy and compliance through advanced predictive models and explainable AI, while blockchain ensures transparency and trust with its immutable ledger and smart contracts. Despite these benefits, SMEs face technical and financial constraints, such as high implementation costs and integration complexities. Regulatory and legal challenges, including evolving tax laws and data privacy requirements, further complicate adoption. Additionally, resistance to new technologies and skill gaps within SMEs hinder widespread implementation. Scalability and customization issues also pose significant barriers. In conclusion, AI and blockchain technologies substantially improve tax compliance but come with notable challenges. These technologies promise enhanced accuracy and efficiency for SMEs, yet overcoming barriers related to cost, integration, and regulation is essential for successful adoption. It was recommended that future research should focus on developing SME-specific solutions, addressing regulatory adaptations, and conducting comparative analyses of traditional versus AI-driven tax systems. By tackling these areas, stakeholders can better support SMEs in leveraging AI and blockchain technologies for more effective and transparent tax compliance.

Performance Analysis of Low Frequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems with Multiple Nonlinear Factors and Bidirectional Excitations

Performance Analysis of Low Frequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems with Multiple Nonlinear Factors and Bidirectional Excitations

Modelling of eclipsing binary systems with pulsating components and tertiary companions: BF Vel and RR Lep

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of RR Lep and BF Vel, two southern short-period, semi-detached, oscillating Algols (oEA stars) that have been shown to be triple systems. We determined the spectral types of the primary components and calculated the radial velocities from spectra observed with the Australian National University's 2.3 m telescope and Wide Field Spectrograph. The spectra of the Na I D doublet confirmed the presence of tertiary components that were apparent in the broadening function analyses. During primary eclipses chromospherical activity in their secondary components was apparent in their H$_ spectra; it was also apparent in the Na I D spectra of BF Vel with its almost complete annular eclipse. Ground-based telescopes were used for observations in several pass bands for photometric analyses. These observations were complemented by data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, allowing us to model the light curves, followed by a detailed analysis of pulsations. Eclipse-timing variation (ETV) analyses of both systems were used to determine the most likely mechanisms modulating the orbital period. We found mass values of $M_1=2.9$ sun $ and $M_2=0.75$ M$_ sun $ for the components of RR Lep, along with $M_1=1.93$ M$_ sun $ and $M_2=0.97$ M$_ sun $ for those of BF Vel. By integrating information from photometry, spectroscopy, and ETV analysis, we found that tertiary components revolve around both systems. The primary star of RR Lep pulsates in 36 frequencies; of these, five were identified as independent modes, with the dominant one being 32.28 d$^ $. The pulsating component of BF Vel oscillates in 37 frequencies, with the frequency 46.73 d$^ $ revealed as the only independent mode. For both systems, a number of frequencies were found to be related to the orbital frequency. Their physical properties were compared with other oEA stars in mass-radius and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams, while the pulsational properties of their delta Sct components were compared with currently known systems of this type within the orbital-pulsation period and $ g$-pulsation period diagrams.

A universal application of the general integral transform: New technique for the analysis of nonlinear oscillator systems

The wide applicability of a nonlinear oscillator is the main reason why it has gained so much attention from mathematicians and scientists, while it is difficult to be solved both numerically and theoretically. Variational iteration method is one of the numerical approaches which are used to investigate these nonlinear systems. In this paper, we present a nonlinear oscillator arising in a micro-electromechanical system as an example and derive its analytical solution by He’s frequency formula method and variational iteration method coupled with a new general integral transformation. The Lagrange multiplier is formulated and the new iterative format for the correction functional of the variational iteration method is given by the general integral transformation. The approximate nonlinear frequencies are achieved by this new technique and compared with the numerical ones obtained by the Runge–Kutta method. The new general integral transformation has the same essential qualities as those for Laplace and Fourier transform, and it becomes a promising tool to nonlinear problems when coupled with the variational iteration method.

Multi-objective parameter design and economic analysis of VSG-controlled hybrid energy systems in islanded grids

Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer cost-effective power solutions for outlying islands but often compromise system stability due to reduced inertia. This study introduces a Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy, integrated with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and PV, to enhance system inertia. By optimizing coordination between these energy sources, the proposed method mitigates oscillations and improves grid stability. However, PV-VSG systems are generally not favored by energy providers due to the requirement for pre-curtailment of power output. To address this, the paper proposes a parameter design method for VSG control of ESS and PV, utilizing multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization to simultaneously increase the frequency nadir and minimize the settling time after disturbances. Additionally, an adaptive curtailment decision and parameter design method based on artificial neural networks is introduced to enhance the feasibility of PV-VSG systems by reducing PV pre-curtailment and prioritizing PV power release and ESS charging during frequency oscillations. Real data from the Penghu Archipelago in Taiwan are used to build a dynamic model in DIgSILENT, enabling interaction with MOGA. The Value at Risk (VaR) method with dual stochastic variables is employed to assess the allowable PV installed capacity. The results show that when VaR is set at 1%, the proposed PV-VSG method can increase PV penetration by 57.5% compared to scenarios without VSG. Furthermore, compared to traditional PV-VSG methods, the proposed approach achieves a 16.8% increase in PV penetration and reduces annual PV curtailment by 25 MWh. This study also evaluates the economic impact of planners choosing different risk levels, offering valuable insights for grid development in remote or island regions.

ARQUIN: Architectures for Multinode Superconducting Quantum Computers

Many proposals to scale quantum technology rely on modular or distributed designs wherein individual quantum processors, called nodes, are linked together to form one large multinode quantum computer (MNQC). One scalable method to construct an MNQC is using superconducting quantum systems with optical interconnects. However, internode gates in these systems may be two to three orders of magnitude noisier and slower than local operations. Surmounting the limitations of internode gates will require improvements in entanglement generation, use of entanglement distillation, and optimized software and compilers. Still, it remains unclear what performance is possible with current hardware and what performance algorithms require. In this article, we employ a systems analysis approach to quantify overall MNQC performance in terms of hardware models of internode links, entanglement distillation, and local architecture. We show how to navigate tradeoffs in entanglement generation and distillation in the context of algorithm performance, lay out how compilers and software should balance between local and internode gates, and discuss when noisy quantum internode links have an advantage over purely classical links. We find that a factor of 10–100× better link performance is required and introduce a research roadmap for the co-design of hardware and software towards the realization of early MNQCs. While we focus on superconducting devices with optical interconnects, our approach is general across MNQC implementations.

A DFT Mechanistic Study on the Aza-Aldol Reaction of Boron Aza-Enolates: Relative Stability of Six-Membered Transition State and Its Relevance to the Coordination Mode of the Leaving Group.

The mechanism of the aza-aldol reaction between boron aza-enolate and benzaldehyde is investigated by using density functional theory calculations. The result shows that the syn-E isomer is preferentially formed, consistent with experimental observations. The six-membered ring transition state (TS) with the boat form leads to the E isomer, while the more unstable chair TS does to the Z isomer. The preference of the syn isomer is determined by the interactions between the substituents of aza-enolate and benzaldehyde. Structural distortion and intrinsic reaction coordinate analyses of simplified model systems provide insights into the origin of the relative stability of the rate-determining TS with boat and chair forms. The boat TS is an early TS; thus, minimal structural distortions of the reactant are required to reach this TS. The Lewis pair interactions between the boron and imine groups during B-N elimination also influenced the relative stability of the TSs. This interaction involves the nitrogen lone pair in the boat TS, while the π(N═C) orbital is involved in the chair TS. The Lewis pair with the lone pair stabilizes the TS more than that with the π orbital. The boron aza-enolate with 9-BBN generates an ate complex and forms C-C bonds sequentially, whereas that with Bpin does not generate an ate complex and exhibits the concerted formation of B-O and C-C bonds. Thus, the higher electrophilicity of boron such as 9-BBN enhances the reactivity by facilitating the formation of the ate complex. A reaction design is proposed to reverse the syn/anti selectivity. Proof-of-concept DFT calculations suggested that the modification of the imine group would change the relative stability of the boat/chair TSs and give the anti-product.

Development and Analysis of novel Integrable Nonlinear Dynamical Systems on Quasi-One-Dimensional Lattices. Parametrically Driven Nonlinear System of Pseudo-Excitations on a Two-Leg Ladder Lattice

Following the main principles of developing the evolutionary nonlinear integrable systems on quasi-one-dimensional lattices, we suggest a novel nonlinear integrable system of parametrically driven pseudo-excitations on a regular two-leg ladder lattice. The initial (prototype) form of the system is derivable in the framework of semi-discrete zero-curvature equation with the spectral and evolution operators specified by the properly organized 3 × 3 square matrices. Although the lowest conserved local densities found via the direct recursive method do not prompt us the algebraic structure of system’s Hamiltonian function, but the heuristically substantiated search for the suitable two-stage transformation of prototype field functions to the physically motivated ones has allowed to disclose the physically meaningful nonlinear integrable system with time-dependent longitudinal and transverse inter-site coupling parameters. The time dependencies of inter-site coupling parameters in the transformed system are consistently defined in terms of the accompanying parametric driver formalized by the set of four homogeneous ordinary linear differential equations with the time-dependent coefficients. The physically meaningful parametrically driven nonlinear system permits its concise Hamiltonian formulation with the two pairs of field functions serving as the two pairs of canonically conjugated field amplitudes. The explicit example of oscillatory parametric drive is described in full mathematical details.

Life-Cycle Analysis of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) Applied to Municipal Effluents

The objective of the described activity is to develop technologies or proposals that can be implemented within the cycle to enhance the relationship between climate change, water, energy, and food. The focus is on analyzing natural treatment systems for wastewater (NTSW) within the context of Macaronesia, considering factors such as life-cycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprint, impacts, and mitigation capacity. The analysis of real case data from the Canary Islands and Cape Verde will inform the development of appropriate technologies tailored to different areas and scales within Macaronesia. This work includes a comprehensive life-cycle analysis of the Santa Catarina (Cape Verde) NTSW. This analysis encompasses: (a) Inventory analysis of the construction phase: This involves the assessment of inputs and outputs associated with the construction of the NTSW, including materials, energy consumption, transportation, and waste generation. The maintenance and operation phases are then evaluated, with a focus on the ongoing maintenance and operation activities required for the NTSW, including energy consumption, water usage, chemical inputs (if any), labor, and equipment maintenance. (b) Finally, the impacts of the NTSW are evaluated. The environmental, social, and economic impacts generated by the NTSW are assessed. This includes an analysis of factors such as carbon emissions, water usage, land use, ecosystem impacts, human health effects, and economic costs. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the Santa Catarina NTSW, the document aims to provide insights into the environmental performance and sustainability of the system. This information can then be used as a tool and experience of educational innovation for final-year undergraduate students to identify areas for improvement, develop mitigation strategies in the water sector, and inform decision-making processes regarding wastewater treatment technologies in Macaronesia. Furthermore, lessons learned from real case studies in the Canary Islands and Cape Verde can be applied to similar regions within the Macaronesia archipelago (IDIWATER project).

Single-shot LIBS: A rapid method for in situ and precise nutritional evaluation of hydroponic lettuce

Hydroponic farming has emerged as a promising method that can enable year around crop production, particularly in regions with non-arable land. Ensuring precise control over nutrient levels and growing conditions is imperative for optimizing crop quality and nutritional value. However, the existing state-of-the-art nutrient assessment methods demand tedious sample preparation and often prove to be either destructive or offline, lacking in options for in situ monitoring. Previous approaches to nutritional evaluation using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) utilized multiple laser shots or labor-intensive sample preparation to achieve enhanced sensitivity. In this context, we propose a single-shot LIBS system with a custom-made optical collection unit coupled to spectrograph to improve sensitivity and reduce sample damage by employing low excitation energy levels (~ 1.5 mJ). This study demonstrates in situ nutrient monitoring of hydroponically grown lettuce leaves and roots using single-shot LIBS analysis, paving the way for enhanced crop cultivation practices and improved agricultural productivity. Additionally, we discuss energy optimization strategies aimed at improving sensitivity and achieving a high signal-to-background ratio, which are essential for effective and safe nutrient monitoring and analysis in hydroponic farming systems. The results and analysis reveal that highly reproducible and sensitive LIBS spectra can be obtained directly from lettuce plants without any prior sample preparation.Graphical

Optimal Control of Underdamped Systems: An Analytic Approach

Optimal control theory deals with finding protocols to steer a system between assigned initial and final states, such that a trajectory-dependent cost function is minimized. The application of optimal control to stochastic systems is an open and challenging research frontier, with a spectrum of applications ranging from stochastic thermodynamics to biophysics and data science. Among these, the design of nanoscale electronic components motivates the study of underdamped dynamics, leading to practical and conceptual difficulties. In this work, we develop analytic techniques to determine protocols steering finite time transitions at a minimum thermodynamic cost for stochastic underdamped dynamics. As cost functions, we consider two paradigmatic thermodynamic indicators. The first is the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the probability measure of the controlled process and that of a reference process. The corresponding optimization problem is the underdamped version of the Schrödinger diffusion problem that has been widely studied in the overdamped regime. The second is the mean entropy production during the transition, corresponding to the second law of modern stochastic thermodynamics. For transitions between Gaussian states, we show that optimal protocols satisfy a Lyapunov equation, a central tool in stability analysis of dynamical systems. For transitions between states described by general Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, we introduce an infinite-dimensional version of the Poincaré-Lindstedt multiscale perturbation theory around the overdamped limit. This technique fundamentally improves the standard multiscale expansion. Indeed, it enables the explicit computation of momentum cumulants, whose variation in time is a distinctive trait of underdamped dynamics and is directly accessible to experimental observation. Our results allow us to numerically study cost asymmetries in expansion and compression processes and make predictions for inertial corrections to optimal protocols in the Landauer erasure problem at the nanoscale.

An innovative distance learning platform for mathematics education in secondary schools: Design, development and preliminary studies

AbstractThis study addresses the emerging challenges in mathematics education, emphasizing the integration of innovative teaching strategies and tools amidst the evolving educational landscape. The study begins with an analysis of prevalent e-learning and communication systems in distance education, pinpointing their limitations and identifying the gaps in effective remote mathematics instruction. In response, we introduce a novel educational platform designed to facilitate real-time mathematics teaching over the Internet, aiming to replicate the interactive essence of traditional classroom settings within a digital domain. The system features a suite of tools including a mathematical editor, a virtual whiteboard, audio-video communication capabilities, a virtual library, and an evaluation support module, all accessible via a standard web browser. The platform’s effectiveness was assessed through its application in regular mathematics classes at two secondary schools in Romania, as well as in a private tutoring scenario. The paper presents the findings of these preliminary studies, offering insights into the usefulness and usability of the platform and its potential to seamlessly integrate into existing educational frameworks without compromising the quality of instruction.

A new quasi-finite-rank approximation of compression operators on [formula omitted] with applications to sampled-data and time-delay systems: Piecewise linear kernel approximation approach

This paper provides a new quasi-finite-rank approximation (QFRA) of infinite-rank compression operators defined on the Banach space L∞[0,H), which are associated with tractable representations of infinite-dimensional systems such as time-delay and sampled-data systems. We first formulate the QFRA by an optimization problem with a matrix-valued parameter X to minimize the associated error in terms of the L∞[0,H)-induced norm. To facilitate solving the optimization problem, we next employ the piecewise linear kernel approximation (PLKA) technique, by which the optimization problem is then converted to a linear programming (LP) problem. The solution of the LP problem is shown to converge to the optimal solution of the original QFRA with the order of 1/M, where M is the PLKA parameter. The PLKA-based QFRA is shown to lead to practical methods of the stability analysis for time-delay systems and the L1 optimal controller synthesis for sampled-data systems. Finally, the overall arguments developed in this paper are demonstrated through some numerical and experimental studies.

Scaling Laws in Polysaccharide Rheology: Comparative Analysis of Water and Ionic Liquid Systems.

This study investigates the rheological behavior of two plant-based polysaccharides, with different degrees of hydrophilicity, agar (highly hydrophilic) and guar gum (hydrophilic), in water and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMImAc). The rheological response of these polymers is highly dependent on the solvent's ability to disrupt intermolecular associations. In water, agar forms hydrogels, while guar gum behaves as a viscoelastic liquid with slow modes. The plateau modulus (GN0) scales with polymer concentration (c) as GN0 ∼ c3, consistent with other natural polymers. In EMImAc, both polysaccharides form viscoelastic liquids, exhibiting GN0 ∼ c2.3, as expected for semiflexible polymer solutions. However, the terminal relaxation time, τD, and the specific viscosity, ηsp, scale as τD ∼ c5.3 and ηsp ∼ c7.6, indicative of intermolecular chain-chain associations. Despite the solvent or polysaccharide, the fractional viscosity overshoot and the shear strain at the maximum stress show a terminal Weissenberg number dependence similar to other synthetic polymers.

A first-principles investigation into the adsorption behavior and deposition mechanism of boron-containing gases on Si(100) surfaces during chemical vapor deposition

Polysilicon serves as a primary raw material in the production of solar cells and semiconductors. However, its impurity content, particularly boron, poses significant challenges during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the behavior of boron impurities during CVD. In this study, we conducted first-principles calculations to explore the adsorption behavior and deposition mechanism of boron-containing gases (BCl3, BHCl2, B2H6) on the Si(100) surface. We considered different adsorption sites and performed a systematic analysis of various adsorption systems' adsorption energy, charge transfer, and electronic properties. Our findings indicate that BCl3, BHCl2, and B2H6 molecules undergo dissociative chemisorption at specific adsorption sites. Moreover, charge transfer analysis confirms that each of these adsorbed molecules functions as an electron acceptor. Subsequent analyses, including total charge density (TCD), charge density difference (CDD), total density of states (TDOS), and projected density of states (PDOS), collectively underscore the robust electronic interactions between the gaseous molecules and the Si(100) surface. Through the computation of transition states and energy barriers across three potential reaction pathways, we identify a predominant sequence: BCl3→BCl2+Cl→BCl+Cl→B+Cl, that governs boron impurity formation on the Si(100) surface during CVD. Our work elucidates the underlying microscopic mechanisms of boron-containing gas adsorption and deposition in the CVD context.

Development and validation of highly sensitive multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of classical swine fever virus genome

Classical swine fever (CSF) remains a challenge for pig farming industrial lover the world despite the measures taken. The last CS case in the Russian Federation was reported in 2020, however, the threat of the disease emerging still persists. A set of anti-epidemic measures including mainly preventive vaccination and annual diagnostic monitoring using molecular-genetic and serological methods is required for CSF virus introduction prevention and rapid eradication of potential disease out breaks. Therefore, areal-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using an internal control sample has been developed. Therefore, areal time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using an internal control sample has been developed. Modified primers (locked nucleic acids containing conformationally blocked nucleosides) providing a higher affinity to the DNA matrix and physico-chemical stability and a FAM-labeled TaqMan probe were selected for 5’-untranslatedregion of the genome. The following validation parameters were defined: accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity. For comparative analysis of the developed as say sensitivity, swabs, samples of organs and tissues collected from pigs experimentally infected with an epizootic strain of the classical swine fever virus (spleen, kidney, liver, blood, lymph nodes, rectal and oral smears), animal-contaminated feed and virus-containing material with known virus titres were also tested in parallel with coded test systems No. x1 andx2. The developed assay was shown to have 100% diagnostic sensitivity and detection limit of 0,23 lgCCID50/cm3. Therewith, there sults of analysis of test systems No. x1, x2 based on above parameters were lower that could give rise to false positive real-time RT-PCR results and incorrect diagnosis. Thus, described assay can be used for extensive monitoring of classical swine fever in the Russian Federation

A Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

The movement to electric vehicles (EVs) is central to sustainable transportation and necessitates improvements in effective and easy charging devices. This article compares static and dynamic wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, focusing on their operation, feasibility, and practical applications. Static charging involves inductive power transfer when the vehicle is parked, while dynamic charging allows power transfer while the vehicle is in motion. The paper explores efficiency, infrastructure needs, cost implications, and user convenience, highlighting potential benefits and challenges. The findings aim to inform stakeholders in the automotive and energy sectors about optimal wireless charging strategies for enhancing electric vehicle adoption.

Exergy analysis of hybrid air-conditioning systems with different evaporative-cooling condensers under hot-humid climates

Evaporative cooling (EC) technology can effectively improve the energy efficiency of the mechanical vapor compression (MVC) system by enhancing the heat exchange capacity of its condenser. However, the current evaporative-cooling condenser system is usually only equipped with a single-stage evaporative cooler as the precooling unit, and these designs are mainly suitable for hot-dry conditions. In this study, three hybrid air-conditioning systems with different two-stage evaporative-cooling condenser configurations were proposed, one is single-condenser type and the other two are dual-condenser type, which are used to improve the exergy performance and adaptability of the evaporative condenser system under hot-humid climates. Then, the all systems were modeled via the distributed parametric method and analyzed comparatively based on the exergy method. A suitable exergy reference temperature at air saturation was discussed. Finally, the effect of four key parameters (ambient temperature and relative humidity, outdoor airflow rate and room heat load) was studied. The results showed that under the high temperature, relative humidity or room heat load conditions, the hybrid systems have a low exergy efficiency ratio (EXR) and high exergy efficiency (ηx,OEC). Among them, the newly countercurrent dual-condenser configuration (MVC-TSEC(C)) exhibits the best exergy performance under most hot-humid conditions. Compared to the conventional MVC system, the EXR and ηx,OEC of MVC-TSEC(C) increased by at most 35.0 % and 78.2 %, respectively. Moreover, its components like compressor, condenser and expansion valve have the maximum reduction rates of exergy destruction of 43.5 %, 17.2 % and 55.3 %, respectively.