Analysis Approach Research Articles

Worst case analysis, a video analysis approach to injury potential in traffic

This paper presents a method for evaluating the potential for injury in any traffic scenario involving road user interactions based on trajectory data from a few hours of data of typical traffic conditions. The basic idea was to evaluate to what extent interactions at a location are limited in speed, direction, and whether the interactions happen at a safe speed. Specifically, the method works by applying an existing injury model to the highest observed values at a specific point in space. The injury model is used to estimate a worst-case scenario at that point in space. By generating a heat map, it is possible to analyse a location and evaluate the injury potential at a location. The method does not provide a complete safety analysis with exposure or risk but instead focuses specifically on the potential consequences. The method is suitable for preliminary safety analyses that focus on determining areas of particular interest for further study.

Target looping using machine learning: an analytical approach using hyper-data in banking

Target looping using machine learning: an analytical approach using hyper-data in banking

Development of a simple test to quantify the consolidation properties of liquefied granular materials

AbstractLiquefaction can have devastating consequences by causing increased mobility of debris flows, tailings dam breaches, and settlement following seismic shaking. Observations on the consolidation behaviour of liquefied soils in 1-g or centrifuge shake table tests have permitted significant advancements in analytical and numerical methods to predict the rate and magnitude of consolidation settlement. However, advanced consolidation models introduce material parameters which are currently difficult to define quickly and at low cost. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the development of a simple, low-cost test that can be used to quickly estimate the spatially and temporally varying coefficient of consolidation, which controls post-liquefaction settlements. Using the proposed simple setup, experiments were conducted on four uniformly graded sands of varying grain size and on one well-graded mixture. A range of analytical and numerical approaches from literature were assessed for their ability to back-analyse the observed pore pressure dissipation and settlement. Estimated values for the coefficient of consolidation were comparable between models and estimates of surface settlement matched well the experimental results. The simplicity of the proposed test combined with its low-cost and mobile nature, raise significant possibilities for quick estimations of the evolution of the coefficient of consolidation post-liquefaction.

A critical analysis on the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting—an expert witness account

AbstractPolice brutality has become a contentious topic in both printed and social media. This has been fuelled by incidents in the United States where police officers were accused of torturing civilians during arrests. The purpose of this study is to provide an expert witness account of the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the force factor analysis (resistance vs. sequential levels) that is used internationally to measure the appropriate force allowed in each situation. It further measures the force factor analysis against the different regulatory frameworks that provide oversight of the use of force by law enforcement agencies. A hermeneutics strategy was used to construct a criminological view of the incident. An inductive conventional content analytical approach was used for the subjective interpretation of text data content through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns. The finding indicates that the Resistance Force Comparative Scale is only effective if consideration is given to other environmental dynamics that have an impact on the situation at hand. The effects of prisoner resistance on the severity of force used by correctional staff members are explored, along with implications and recommendations.

Assessing the impact of 24-hour activity behaviors on cardiorespiratory fitness in the older adult: a component analysis approach

BackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) serves as a critical measure of the cardiovascular system’s efficiency in delivering oxygenated blood to tissues and organs. Understanding the relationship between various activity behaviors and CRF is essential for devising effective health interventions for the older adult population.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between 24-h activity behaviors and CRF in older adult individuals, utilizing compositional data analysis.MethodsWe utilized baseline data from the “Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Cohort Study in Tianjin, China,” which included 540 older adult participants. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were objectively measured using a three-dimensional accelerometer, and CRF was assessed via a gas metabolism analyzer. Compositional data analysis was employed to examine the relationships between 24-h activity behaviors—specifically, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep (SLP)—and CRF.ResultsThe analysis demonstrated that MVPA was significantly positively associated with CRF (βMVPA = 5.36, p < 0.01), whereas SB was significantly negatively associated (βSB = −3.97, p < 0.01). No significant associations were observed for LPA and SLP with CRF. The isochronous substitution model revealed that reallocating 15 min of MVPA to SB, LPA, or SLP significantly decreased CRF by 0.31, 0.27, and 0.23 mL/kg/min, respectively. Conversely, substituting 15 min of SB, LPA, or SLP with MVPA resulted in increases in CRF by 0.29, 0.22, and 0.17 mL/kg/min, respectively. Additionally, replacing SB with LPA or SLP led to improvements in CRF, though these changes were not significant, underscoring the potential benefits of reducing sedentary time and enhancing physical activity levels.ConclusionThese findings underscore the critical role of increasing MVPA and reducing SB in improving CRF among the older adult. This study provides a robust scientific foundation for health promotion and intervention strategies targeting older adults. Comprehensive modifications to daily activity patterns are imperative for optimizing cardiovascular health in this population.

Factors Influencing Domestic Human Trafficking in Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Background Human trafficking is a human rights violation in every region of the world. The African continent is not spared. Every year, millions of people experience significant health and social consequences. International organizations and governments combating human trafficking are hindered by a lack of knowledge about what factors influence domestic (within-country) human trafficking. Objective This study aims to conduct a scoping review to collate and synthesize literature on factors influencing domestic trafficking in Africa. Methods We will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s framework to answer the question about reported influences on domestic human trafficking and their relative weight. The search strategy will explore PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 2 independent researchers will select quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies that examine relationships influencing domestic human trafficking. We will document our results by following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We will extract a list of all reported relationships between identified factors influencing domestic human trafficking in each study. Based on a discourse analysis approach, we will weigh the strengths of the relationships based on how frequently they are reported across the included studies. We will summarize the findings as fuzzy cognitive maps depicting the relationships reported in the literature. The maps represent the influences between concepts (nodes) linked by arrows (edges) going from each cause to its outcomes. These maps are helpful visual summaries of the factors associated with domestic human trafficking, allowing a comparison with maps to be created by stakeholder groups. Results This project received financial support in March 2023. We expect to start the project in March 2024. We recruited 2 research staff members to conduct the scoping review and expect to publish the results in March 2025. Conclusions The review will provide a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing domestic human trafficking in Africa. The overlap of human trafficking with other forms of exploitation, the limited literature on domestic human trafficking, and the likely diversity of factors are challenges for the review. We propose strategies to address these challenges. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/56392

Seismic Design of Underground Structures’ Vulnerability – Review.

This article examines the vulnerability of underground structures to seismic activity, with a particular focus on design and mitigation strategies. Underground buildings are essential to the development of modern infrastructure and must include tunnels, subway stations, and storage facilities. Because of its deep location, seismic design and earthquake performance are both more challenging. In this study of seismic susceptibility, topics such as ground motion characterization, soil-structure interaction, structural reaction, and failure mechanisms specific to underground structures are discussed. According to the paper, their susceptibility can be affected by geotechnical conditions, the kind of structures they have, and the construction methods that are used. The seismic stability design and analysis process involves measuring the dynamic response of subsurface structures to seismic loads. The goal is to keep earthquake and seismic forces from toppling structures in any way that is possible. Advanced analytical and numerical approaches are used in seismic stability design. Some examples of these methods are finite element analysis (FEA), discrete element modeling (DEM), and the boundary element method (BEM). In addition to that, it investigates contemporary methodologies for assessing seismic vulnerability as well as international design standards. In addition, seismic retrofitting and design advances for underground structures are analyzed and discussed in this paper. This document compiles and evaluates previous research to gain an understanding of the seismic susceptibility of subsurface structures and to promote more seismic engineering research on this extremely important topic.

Economic Literacy and Human Development through Technology-Based Economic Education for Generation Z Students

Economic literacy and human development are two fundamental aspects in the effort to create a prosperous and competitive society. This study aims to explore the influence of economic literacy on human development through technology-based economic education for Generation Z students. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, 43 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Negeri Makassar participated in this research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings revealed that while most students possess a good basic understanding of economic concepts, challenges remain in applying these concepts to real-life situations. Technology in education has proven instrumental in enhancing economic understanding through tools like market simulations and e-learning platforms. However, key obstacles include unequal technological infrastructure, particularly in remote areas, and limited teacher competence in effectively integrating technology into the curriculum. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure that economic literacy can significantly contribute to human development and the competitiveness of Generation Z in the future.

Abstract B033: Identification of cell-specific DNA methylation alterations in the breast tumor microenvironment

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises diverse cell types whose interactions are crucial for cancer progression. Traditional bulk tissue analyses mask cell-type-specific epigenetic changes that may drive disease progression. We used DNA methylation data and a reference- based cell-type deconvolution algorithm — hierarchical tumor immune microenvironment epigenetic deconvolution (HiTIMED) — to quantify cell types in the TME. Then, we employed CellDMC, a statistical interaction testing framework that can use cell type proportions in conjunction with differential methylation analysis to identify cell-specific differential methylation. Genome-scale DNA methylation profiles from breast cancer tissue (n=609) and normal breast tissue (n=230) samples were accessed in GEO and GTEx. Our novel approach leverages bulk DNA methylation data to infer cell-type-specific epigenetic landscapes, circumventing challenges and limitations associated with direct single-cell methylation profiling, such as high costs and technical variability. Reference-based computational tools allow us to dissect complex tissue compositions and reveal distinct methylation patterns and pathways that may be unique to individual cell types, providing insights that are not discernible from traditional bulk tumor analysis approaches. Compared with nontumor normal samples, we identified significant DNA methylation alterations (FDR≤0.05) across tumor, stromal, endothelial, epithelial, lymphocytes, and myeloid cells in breast tumors. Tumor cells exhibited the highest number, 8,510, differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) with 1,966 of these unique to tumor cells. Stromal, endothelial, and epithelial cells also showed considerable methylation alterations, with a total of 530, 440, 339 DMCs, respectively, with 5 DMCs unique to epithelial cells. Despite lower immune cell proportions in our samples, we identified 104 lymphocyte specific DMCs and 185 myeloid specific DMCs, with 14 and 20 DMCs unique to these cell types respectively. The unique DMCs identified in each cell type suggest distinct epigenetic landscapes that may drive specific cellular functions and interactions within the TME. Importantly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the annotated cell-type-specific DMCs revealed distinct pathways that were not apparent in the pathway analysis of bulk tumor versus normal tissue, underscoring the value of examining epigenetic alterations at the cell-type level. Our findings highlight the opportunity to leverage DNA-based cell typing with DNA methylation data to discern cell-specific molecular alterations. By focusing on cell-type-specific alterations, we can better understand the epigenetic mechanisms driving TME crosstalk, such as the activation of stromal cells and the modulation of immune responses by tumor cells. Our findings underscore the need for targeted therapeutic strategies that consider the unique epigenetic landscapes of individual cell types within the TME, offering new avenues for improving cancer treatment outcomes. Citation Format: Barbara Karakyriakou, Brock C. Christensen, Lucas A. Salas. Identification of cell-specific DNA methylation alterations in the breast tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr B033.

Insights From An 11-Year Systematic Review Of Teaching And Pedagogy Topics In The Society For Marketing Advances’ Proceedings

ABSTRACT To better understand the marketing education discipline, this research uses an eleven-year (2013–2023) systematic bibliographic content analysis of teaching and pedagogy paper topics that are part of the Society for Marketing Advances (SMA) Annual Conference Proceedings. Since many marketing educators present works in progress at conferences before submission to a journal, this analytical approach allows researchers to better understand what marketing academics believe are the most relevant topics over the past decade. Using a semi-automated content analysis of each proceeding focusing on marketing pedagogy topics, eight distinct marketing teaching topics were found. These eight topics and potential new, emerging topics are discussed. Implications for the marketing education field and areas for future pedagogy research are discussed.

The Effect of Climate Change on Spatio-Temporal Activity in Burrowing Frogs of the Smilisca Group

Measuring the potential effects of future climate changes on the spatio-temporal variance of optimal conditions for seasonal species is a key conservation issue. This study assesses the impact of climate change on the spatial and temporal patterns of optimal conditions for activity in two burrowing frogs, Smilisca fodiens and S. dentata. Ecological Niche Modeling was used to implement niche seasonality models, with calibration performed during the peak activity (July). These models were then transferred to current and future conditions for the remainder of the year, predicting future scenarios up to 2070 with an intermediate trajectory greenhouse gas concentration of 4.5 W/m2. Climate change transferability was assessed for four potential scenarios: 1) high precipitation and low temperature, 2) high precipitation and high temperature, 3) low precipitation and low temperature, and 4) low precipitation and high temperature. We examined the impact across future projected areas and analyzed geographic change trends based on latitude, longitude, and elevation. For both species, the best scenario would involve increased precipitation in the future. However, the worst-case would be a combination of reduced precipitation and higher temperatures. Due to large area loss, northern populations of S. fodiens may be highly vulnerable. Concerning S. dentata, the outlook is worrisome, with all known populations experiencing losses in most months. Area gains may not help either species since they tend to occur at elevations above their known ranges. Using a seasonal approach in spatio-temporal analysis enhances comprehension of the behavioral adaptations of seasonal species and their vulnerability to current and future climatic variations

Chromatographic assay of recently approved co-formulation of Vonoprazan fumarate with low dose Aspirin: AGREE, Complex MoGAPI, and RGB 12-model assessments.

Two simple, valid and green chromatographic based techniques are developed in the present work for first time to simultaneously analyze the recently approved combination of Aspirin (ASP) with the novel gastro-protective agent Vonoprazan (VON). First method is an HPLC-DAD "diode array detection", where separation was successful using C18 (250 × 4.6mm) column with isocratic elution of phosphate buffer-pH 6.8 and acetonitrile in ratio of 63:37 with detection at 230nm. Second method is an HPTLC method on HPTLC silica plates using ethyl acetate: ethanol (75%): ammonia (5:5:0.05 v/v) mobile phase followed by densitometric scanning at 230nm. The methods were applied successfully for analysis of VON and ASP mixture in laboratory-prepared tablets and the methods were validated in regards to linearity, precision, accuracy and selectivity. The proposed methods are assessed for their greenness and whiteness as well using the "Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach", "Complementary Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index" and the new algorithm "RGB 12 model" (Red-Green-Blue) and proved the greenness and the sustainability of the methods in the routine assay of the newly marketed formulation.

The Effect of Simulating Virtual Scenes using Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Producing Various Media Materials

Our current era is witnessing continuous change and rapid development in various aspects of life, including technical development and scientific progress. Modern technologies like simulation and artificial intelligence (AI) significantly enhance media content creation and distribution in various ways: Content Creation: AI tools can generate scripts, edit videos, create animations, and produce music, allowing creators to streamline the production process and reduce costs. Personalization: AI algorithms analyze user preferences and behavior to deliver personalized content recommendations, improving user engagement and satisfaction. Simulations: Simulation technologies can create realistic virtual environments for training, gaming, and storytelling, providing immersive experiences for users. Quality Enhancement: AI can automatically enhance audio and video quality, detect errors or inconsistencies, and improve overall production value. Data Analysis: AI helps analyze audience data to inform content strategies, predict trends, and optimize marketing efforts. Simulation and AI are transforming media content by making it more efficient, engaging, and tailored to audiences. The study aims to identify the impact of using these modern technologies in the field of media, which includes the latest technological developments, by utilizing virtual viewer simulations through artificial intelligence techniques, and achieving the highest levels of awareness for producing various media materials. The research also addresses the key stages that a designer goes through and how we can benefit from the study to develop these stages in order to enhance the role of visual communication and interaction between the recipient and the sender through the use of digital media designed within the media content via artificial intelligence to convey the advertising message, and its role in influencing consumer motivations to attract and guide them in making decisions through artificial intelligence techniques that provide a clear vision of the design environment. The research highlights the importance of graphic design as an essential element in improving viewers’ experience of modern digital media and achieving a more realistic simulation, pointing to the development of the concept of simulation used in modern digital media and Computer-Generated Image (CGI) techniques. This research also aims to explore the vital role that graphic design plays at every stage of the production of digital technologies to achieve a more realistic simulation of virtual scenes in digital media. Hence, the research problem the extent to which media content, in terms of form and substance, benefits from these modern technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence) and the impact of these technologies in making media content more credible through their use. The research hypotheses: Has the media content become more attractive with the use of these technologies (simulation Artificial intelligence)? Has the media content become more shareable across different platforms in form and substance with the use of these technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence)? Has the media content become more appealing with the use of these technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence)? Has the media content become more effective in the visual communication process with the use of these technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence)? Has the use of these technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence) provided competitive advantages for various media outlets? Has the use of these technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence) offered marketing and promotional advantages for various media outlets? What are the positives and negatives of these technologies (simulation - Artificial intelligence) in the media? The main aim of the research the extent to which media content, in terms of form and substance, benefits from modern technologies (simulation – Artificial intelligence) and the impact of these technologies on enriching, supporting, and developing media content to make it more competitive and credible through their use. The importance of research in studying the role and impact of modern technologies, such as virtual scene simulation, using artificial intelligence techniques to produce various types of media content. It emphasizes the role of these technologies in influencing different media outlets regarding competitive advantages, marketing, and promotion, as well as highlighting the positives and negatives of these technologies. The research methodology is based on the analytical description approach.

Single-cell expression and immune infiltration analysis of polyamine metabolism in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most threatening women health diseases worldwide and its molecular heterogeneity offers a range of response to therapy. The role of polyamine metabolism is receiving increasing attention. Polyamine metabolism not only plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer, but also interacts with tumor immune microenvironment. In this work, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and systems immunological approaches to interrogate immune cell infiltration gene-to-gene co-expressions in the bulk tumor transcriptomes of breast cancer. We acquired breast cancer sample data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), evaluated the infiltration status of 22 immune cell types using CIBERSORTx tool, respectively. By leveraging the Retrospective Breast sample of various technologies including gene expression and methylation, we identified 46 breast cancer proliferation-associated co-expression modules using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) approach along with machine learning models which in turn delineated single cell level expressions features that these selected module possessed. We observed substantial cellular heterogeneity in the breast cancer microenvironment, where lineage-specific gene expression patterns were highly associated with tumor progression. Moreover, we also identified the gene modules correlated with immune cell infiltration level that could function as regulators in response to tumors for immune therapy. Moreover, risk scores were correlated with immune cell function in different patient groups defined by high- and low-risk. The findings of this study shed a new light upon molecular classification prognostic assessment and personalized treatment in breast cancer.

A promising green fluorimetric approach for analysis of edoxaban in real human plasma using green carbon dots decorated with terbium ions

A promising green fluorimetric approach for analysis of edoxaban in real human plasma using green carbon dots decorated with terbium ions

Web Semantic-Enhanced Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Using Multilayer Cross-Attention Fusion

Aiming at the existing multimodal sentiment analysis approaches, which include inadequate extraction of unimodal features, redundancy of independent modal features, insufficient analysis of semantic correlation between data and insufficient fusion, a Web-Semantic Enhanced Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Using Multilayer Cross-Attention Fusion is proposed. The model utilizes deep learning (including XLNet, ResNeSt, and convolutional neural networks) to extract high-level features from text, audio, and visual modes through self-attention mechanisms, and improves the accuracy of emotion classification through multimodal fusion. The results of experiments demonstrate that the suggested MCFMSA can achieve Acc-2, Acc-3, F1, and MAE values of 89.7%, 85.2%, 89.3%, and 0.466 on the CMU-MOSI dataset, respectively; and on the CMU-MOSEI dataset, Acc-2, Acc-3, F1, and MAE values of 88.7%, 82.5%, 86.5%, and 0.475. All of them are significantly improved compared to several other advanced multimodal sentiment analysis methods, which can enhance the accuracy of sentiment classification.

Development and application of the Scripted Animation Survey (SAS) for out-of-school time professional learning

ABSTRACT Despite the wealth of learning youth experience outside formal classrooms, relatively little research has been invested in understanding out-of-school-time (OST) educators’ professional learning (PL). We explore this need in the context of a STEM facilitation PL program (i.e. Afterschool Coaching for Reflective Educators in STEM, or ACRES) through their foundational PL module, Asking Purposeful Questions, by describing the development and use of the scripted animation survey (SAS) using the framework of educator noticing. First, we detail how we developed and validated an analysis approach to the SAS. Through iterative development with feedback from PL providers, we identified a delivery format; response process; and codebook that aligned with the program objectives and paralleled the feedback exchange structure familiar to participating educators. Second, we apply the educator noticing framework to illustrate a possible use of the SAS. In comparing pre- and post-administration of the SAS using the noticing framework, we identified a shift in respondents’ noticing to be more aware of youth activity relative to educator activity. We suggest that the SAS may be a useful tool to diagnose and respond to educator attention within a PL program, particularly when logistical and financial constraints restrict access to longitudinal videos of practice and interviews.

Battle of Kalniškės: a Fragment of the Fight for Freedom

The article analyses the structure and composition of the partisan division – the company of Jonas Neifalta-Lakūnas [‘Pilot’] – that fought in the Battle of Kalniškės and its role within the context of the Lithuanian resistance against the second Soviet occupation. The direct causes of the battle, its progress and individual stages are discussed. The study uses narrative, analytical and inductive approaches. Lakūnas’ company was part of the partisan forces of several rural areas under the leadership of Albinas Kisieliauskas- Karvelis [‘Pigeon’]. Neifalta-Lakūnas, commander of the Kalniškės area partisans, was deputy to Kisieliauskas- Karvelis and the head of the command post. The composition and organisational structure of the force was the same as many other Lithuanian partisan forces. The detachment adopted the structural principles of the independent Lithuanian Army and tailored them to the needs of the guerrilla war. In order to ensure confidentiality, separate smaller groups operated in different areas. These smaller groups were usually made from smaller mobile units formed from men of adjacent villages, and were lead by fighters with experience in the army or police service. From the beginning of the Soviet occupation, this partisan company was trying to unite itself into a centralised resistance movement. Initially a relationship was established with the Lithuanian Freedom Army, and 2 new units – Tauras and Dainava Commands – emerged as a result of this centralisation. The creation of centralised underground structures legitimised the activities of the partisan force. The release of proclamations and regulatory documents by the leadership formed the concept of anti-Soviet resistance, regulated its tactics, discipline and behaviour with the civilian population. However, the chain of subordination was on many occasions disrupted and changed, while orders from command headquarters did not always reach the distant Kalniškės Forest. From February 1945 to March 1945, as far as mobility was concerned, the forces under the leadership of Karvelis and Lakūnas stood out from the rest of the partisan divisions operating in the ethnographic area of Užnemunės Dzūkija [south-western part of Lithuania]. The area of operations of this partisan force, which was extremely mobile and frequently changed its campsite, covered as many as seven rural areas. In the winter of 1944–1945 and spring 1945, up until the famous Kalniškės Battle, these fighters participated in many clashes with the occupational forces, but managed to avoid any major losses. Perhaps one of the most significant of these was the attack on the town of Rudamina and the skirmish at Panara. In both cases the partisans won, believed in the power of their weapons, and did not hesitate to initiate the Battle of Kalniškės. The Battle of Kalniškės was one of many defensive combats fought by partisans in 1945. It started when the NKVD Regiment surrounded the company of Neifalta- Lakūnas camping in the forest. The progress of the battle can be divided into four stages. During the battle partisans could not withdraw in an organised fashion and had to fight the enemy attacks on Meškakalnis hill. Some fighters were cut off from the main division and were scattered to the depths of the forest. After intensive fire, partisan resistance weakened. The NKVD assault group tried to push the partisans from their occupied positions and to completely destroy them, but around 20 men managed to break out of the encirclement. Although the Battle of Kalniškės claimed the lives of nearly 50 partisans, their dedication inspired their brothers in arms, kept the movement smouldering in the nation’s consciousness, and lead to the re-establishment of Lithuania’s independence.

Innovative Analytical and Semi-Analytical Approaches to the Nonlinear Fisher-KPP Model: Accurate Computational Solutions and Applications

Innovative Analytical and Semi-Analytical Approaches to the Nonlinear Fisher-KPP Model: Accurate Computational Solutions and Applications

Optimum selection of nature-inspired texture pattern for cutting tool surface using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach: a comparative analysis

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the selection of an appropriate nature-inspired texture pattern for cutting tool tribological surface. The selection process uses the recognized skin textures of different snakes scrolling on highly rough and projected surface conditions to analyze suitability of texture based on the texture geometry and machining conditions. The work also aims to propose a texture pattern selection process to incorporate on cutting tool tribological surface. Design/methodology/approach The selection of alternative nature-inspired texture patterns based on the texture pattern geometry and machining properties leads to a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Thirteen criteria are considered for selecting an appropriate texture pattern among 14 alternatives, i.e. nature-inspired texture patterns. In the present work, an integrated analytical hierarchy process (AHP)-TOPSIS, AHP-multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and AHP-Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) approaches have been proposed for the selection of an appropriate nature-inspired texture pattern. AHP is used for the formulation of decision-making matrix and criteria weight calculations and ranking of alternatives is done by three methods. Spearman’s correlation compared and found positive relations between rank assigned by methods. Experimental validation is done in Lathe for selected texture effects. Findings The texture parameters C-1 (Width of texture) and C-2 (Depth of texture) are found significant, while T-2 (Blended Krait) and T-6 (Banded Racer-1) texture is found optimal to generate on cutting tool surface. Research limitations/implications Only some nature-inspired texture patterns have been recognized before the selection; an infinite number of textures are available in nature. The size of the texture pattern is difficult to identify by the selection process because each texture pattern may have different effects on tribological surfaces. Practical implications The proposed selection methodology of nature-inspired texture patterns will help identify optimal texture geometry for specific tribological applications. The nature-inspired texture patterned tool has a significant impact on the cutting force and temperature due to its tribological effect on the cutting tool surface; it decreases the power required for machining. The machining characteristics like roughness are found to decrease by using nature-inspired texture patterned tools. Social implications Various nature-inspire texture studies to generate specific effects on the tribological surfaces may be started study for the surface of aircraft, ships, bearings, etc. Small and big fabrication industries may benefit by decreasing the cost of machining using nature-inspired texture-patterned tools. Research society will pay attention to nature’s inspiration. Originality/value Novel snake-skin-inspired texture patterns are recognized and hybrid MCDM methods are proposed to select optimal texture pattern. Proposed method used single time normalization to effectively rank the alternatives. The insights gained from this research can be extrapolated to address similar challenges in selecting nature-inspired textures for various applications. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2024-0163/