Parallel Control Research Articles

Higher Validity, Lower Radiation: A New Ictal Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Framework.

To assess whether arterial spin labeling perfusion images of healthy controls can enhance ictal single-photon emission computed tomography analysis and whether the acquisition of the interictal image can be omitted. We developed 2 pipelines: The first uses ictal and interictal images and compares these to single-photon emission computed tomography and arterial spin labeling of healthy controls. The second pipeline uses only the ictal image and the analogous healthy controls. Both pipelines were compared to the gold standard analysis and evaluated on data of individuals with epilepsy who underwent ictal single-photon emission computed tomography imaging during presurgical evaluation between 2010 and 2022. Fifty healthy controls prospectively underwent arterial spin labeling imaging. The correspondence between the detected hyperperfusion and the postoperative resection cavity or the presumably affected lobe was assessed using Dice score and mean Euclidean distance. Additionally, the outcomes of the pipelines were automatically assigned to 1 of 5 concordance categories. Inclusion criteria were met by 43 individuals who underwent epilepsy surgery and by 73 non-surgical individuals with epilepsy. Compared to the gold standard analysis, both pipelines resulted in significantly higher Dice scores and lower mean distances (p < 0.05). The combination of both provided localizing results in 85/116 cases, compared to 54/116 generated by the current gold standard analysis and the ictal image alone produced localizing results in 60/116 (52%) cases. We propose a new ictal single-photon emission computed tomography protocol; it finds relevantly more ictal hyperperfusion, and halves the radiation dose in about half of the individuals. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1160-1173.

Abstract A016: Targeting metabolic vulnerability of non-small cell lung cancer with annonacin and 2-deoxy-d-glucose in individual and combination modality

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a primary type of lung cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Warburg effect, characterized by increased glycolysis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation, is a hallmark of NSCLC and presents a therapeutic target. Annonacin, a natural compound found in fruits from the Annonaceae family, interferes with oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I. 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), a glucose analog, disrupts glycolysis. This study examines the effects of Annonacin and 2DG on NSCLC A549 cells, both individually and in combination, with the hypothesis that inhibiting both metabolic pathways simultaneously will lead to more effective cancer treatment. In addition, we explored how these treatments might alter the tumor microenvironment, oxidative stress, and effects on normal epithelial bronchial cells. A549 NSCLC cells were exposed to different concentrations of Annonacin (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 µM) and 2DG (0,1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mM), separately and together. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Genotoxicity was assessed through the Comet Assay, and oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. The long-term ability of the cells to proliferate was tested using colony-forming assays. The NL20 bronchial epithelial cell line was tested as a parallel control. Both Annonacin and 2DG showed a dose-dependent ability to kill A549 cells. However, when used together, these substances had a stronger effect, significantly lowering the number of surviving cells compared to when each was used alone. The response of this combination treatment on genotoxicity using Comet Assay is being pursued. Changes in oxidative stress responses were found, as shown by the altered superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities. The ability of A549 cells to form colonies was greatly reduced following combination treatment, indicating a reduction in their long-term proliferative capacity. The combination of Annonacin and 2DG effectively inhibits the growth of NSCLC A549 cells by targeting their metabolic weaknesses, which may lead to increased DNA damage and oxidative stress. These results suggest simultaneous targeting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation could be a promising new approach for treating NSCLC. Future in vivo studies will evaluate this combination in live models and can offer insights into efficacy and possible translation to clinical application. Citation Format: Bhoj Raj Bhattarai, Cora Teets, Avinash Tope. Targeting metabolic vulnerability of non-small cell lung cancer with annonacin and 2-deoxy-d-glucose in individual and combination modality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr A016.

Patterns, clusters, and transitions in U.S. state ENDS policy implementation: 2010-2020.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes, have become increasingly used across the world. To respond to global public health challenges associated with vaping, governments have implemented numerous ENDS policies. This research highlights the patterns, clustering, and transitions in U.S. state ENDS policy implementation from 2010 to 2020. Policy data for tobacco and ENDS policies primarily from the Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF) were analyzed for the years 2010 to 2020 for all fifty states and Washington, D.C. Patterns and clusters of policies were assessed. Latent trajectories were modeled for ENDS policies across states over time. ENDS policies commonly have analogous tobacco control policies in place prior to their implementation. ENDS policies in states were commonly implemented in "bundles." The temporal trajectories of ENDS policy implementation occurred in 3 latent forms. A majority of states were "catch-up implementers," indicating their slow initial implementation but stronger position by the end of the period of observation in 2020. These trajectories of ENDS policies were not associated with any individual tobacco control policy in place at the start of the trajectory in 2010. The development of ENDS policies in U.S. states has been temporally and geographically uneven. Many states that had initially been slow to implement ENDS policies caught up by 2020. The implementation of policy "bundles" was common. The clustering of policies in bundles has important methodological implications for analyses, which should be considered in ENDS policy evaluations.

Acute responses to a potentiation warm-up protocol on sprint and change of direction in female football players: a randomized controlled study.

To evaluate the acute effect of exposure to a potentiation warm-up protocol compared to a usual warm-up program. Randomized parallel control trial. Synthetic grass in the club's facilities (Portugal). Seventeen female football players (age: 23.9 ± 3.9 years), were randomly allocated to a control (n = 8) and an experimental group (n = 9). To allocate the players, a table was computer-generated by a research team member with no involvement in the trial. The control group performed their usual warm-up program, while the experimental group performed a potentiation warm-up protocol with jumps combined with sprints with change of direction. The players were tested pre- and post-intervention for a 40-m linear sprint and pre-planned change of direction using the T-test. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, with all the participants originally randomized being involved. The normal distribution was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The assumption of sphericity was analyzed. Effect sizes were calculated using partial eta squared. No significant pre-post differences in the T-test and in the 40-m sprint were detected for any group. However, in the T-test, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.27s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.176) and control groups (0.06s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.176). Also, in the 40-m sprint, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.05s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.251) and control groups (0.09s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.251). The performance-enhancing ability of the potentiation method performed at warm-up was not verified when applied to female football players. Thus, the potentiation methods may not improve sprint and COD ability for this population. However, the lack of statistical significance may have been due to reduced statistical power, as three of four effects suggest acute performance impairment after a supposed potentiation-oriented warm-up. Nevertheless, the presence of a statistical type 2 error cannot be ruled out. NCT06555185; Project URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06555185 .

Proteomimetic polymer blocks mitochondrial damage, rescues Huntington's neurons, and slows onset of neuropathology in vivo.

Recently, it has been shown that blocking the binding of valosin-containing protein (VCP) to mutant huntingtin (mtHtt) can prevent neuronal mitochondrial autophagy in Huntington's disease (HD) models. Herein, we describe the development and efficacy of a protein-like polymer (PLP) for inhibiting this interaction in cellular and in vivo models of HD. PLPs exhibit bioactivity in HD mouse striatal cells by successfully inhibiting mitochondrial destruction. PLP is notably resilient to in vitro enzyme, serum, and liver microsome stability assays, which render analogous control oligopeptides ineffective. PLP demonstrates a 2000-fold increase in circulation half-life compared to peptides, exhibiting an elimination half-life of 152 hours. In vivo efficacy studies in HD transgenic mice (R6/2) confirm the superior bioactivity of PLP compared to free peptide through behavioral and neuropathological analyses. PLP functions by preventing pathologic VCP/mtHtt binding in HD animal models; exhibits enhanced efficacy over the parent, free peptide; and implicates the PLP as a platform with potential for translational central nervous system therapeutics.

Dynamic Self‐Triggered Parallel Control of Guidance Intercept Systems With Constrained Inputs via Adaptive Dynamic Programming

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces an anti‐saturation optimization algorithm based on dynamic self‐triggered adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) for bounded acceleration guidance interception. By establishing a nonlinear input‐constrained guidance intercept and control system, the smooth bounded function is used to constrain the system input to ensure that the system operates in a controllable range. Subsequently, the appropriate performance function that can accurately reflect the system is designed. In alignment with the advantages of parallel control and ADP, a group of parallel systems are constructed by modeling the derivation of control input. A self‐learning control framework is explored, facilitating virtual‐actual interaction and mutual reinforcement between multiple controllers, optimizing the management of the interception system. Furthermore, event‐triggered control (ETC) policies are devised, which can be updated only when needed by setting trigger conditions, thus saving data resources. The stability proof of the closed‐loop system is given to ensure that the system can keep stable operation when the trigger condition is satisfied. On this basis, a dynamic self‐triggered control (DSTC) with soft computing is put forward, enabling trigger instant calculation without real‐time system monitoring and further extending the trigger interval. Simulation results evidence that the devised guidance scheme can intercept the maneuvering target at a reduced expenditure of communication resources.

Cardiovascular Precision Medicine and Remote Intervention Trial Rationale and Design

Background: It has recently been shown that excessive fluctuation in blood pressure readings for an individual over time is closely associated with poor outcomes, including increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke. Fluctuations may be associated with inconsistent adherence to medical recommendations. This new marker of risk has not yet been incorporated into a monitoring and intervention strategy that seeks to reduce cardiovascular risk by identifying patients through an algorithm tied to their electronic health record (EHR). Methods: We describe the methods used in an innovative “proof of concept” trial using CP&amp;R (Cardiovascular Precision Medicine and Remote Intervention). A blood pressure variability index is calculated for clinic patients via an EHR review. Consenting patients with excessive variability are offered a remote intervention aimed at improving adherence to medical recommendations. The outcomes include the ability to identify and engage the identified patients and the effects of the intervention on blood pressure variability using a pre–post comparison design without parallel controls. Conclusions: Our innovative approach uses a recently identified marker based on reviewing and manipulating EHR data tied to a remote intervention. This design reduces patient burden and supports equitable and targeted resource allocation, utilizing an objective criterion for behavioral risk. This study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05814562.

PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE "ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY, INCL. IMPLANTATION" SPP DENTISTRY AT MILITARY CONDITION

In the conditions of rapid development of modern dentistry, the providing of high-quality dental services is extremely important and requires the presence of qualified specialists. Therefore, their acquisition of professional competences should take place starting from the student ranks. Educational discipline "Orthopedic dentistry, incl. implantation" OPP Dentistry is studied by students during 3-5 courses and ensures that students acquire integral, general and professional competencies for the future provision of high-quality dental consultations and services with the use and application of modern aesthetic orthopedic structures for the replacement of partial and complete defects of the dentition, as well as elimination of pathology, which contributes to the occurrence of defects in the hard tissues of the teeth. In addition, the process of examining patients in order to establish a diagnosis and draw up a treatment plan is important. Therefore, the application of the latest teaching methods includes a combination of both theoretical knowledge and practice and consolidation of acquired and properly mastered practical skills. The education of foreign students is of great importance, which, in connection with military actions and constant air alerts caused by the danger caused by the activity of enemy strategic aviation taking place in our country, is conducted in a mixed format (online for students who are at home (by border) and offline for foreign students living and studying in Ukraine) using innovative multimedia teaching methods. The constant and continuous development of modern technologies in the field of stomatology also requires the introduction of the latest training tools and methods associated with the use of modern methods and technological support. All these challenges today are combined with student education, which takes place under martial law and requires a special approach. Therefore, it is important to provide education seekers with proper professional and safe learning conditions, which will make it possible to fully and comprehensively provide a comprehensive complex of both theoretical and practical training of future dental specialists. Thanks to the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the clear consolidation and mutual cooperation of teachers and students, the learning process not only does not stop, but also continues to develop productively, making it possible to provide and provide a sufficient amount of professional competences under the condition of simultaneous and parallel objective control of the acquisition and consolidation of appropriate level of knowledge of students of all courses and areas of dentistry. The purpose of the study is directed to the organization and implementation of the latest teaching methods with the maximum use of modern equipment and methods while respecting life safety. Materials and methods. The Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University implements the educational program "Orthopedic Dentistry, incl. implantation" SPP Dentistry in military time conditions, aimed at students' acquisition of integral, general and professional competencies for the future provision of high-quality dental services. Research results. They indicate the need to introduce the latest actions and methods of training in connection with the constant development of modern technologies in the branch of dentistry. The conclusions of this study indicate the presence of feedback from students who is interested and stimulated by a new approach in studying, combined with real clinical cases and modern methods of their treatment and orthopedic treatment.

A modular circuit coordinates the diversification of courtship strategies

Mate recognition systems evolve rapidly to reinforce the reproductive boundaries between species, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here we leveraged the rapid coevolution of female pheromone production and male pheromone perception in Drosophila1,2 to gain insight into how the architecture of mate recognition circuits facilitates their diversification. While in some Drosophila species females produce unique pheromones that act to arouse their conspecific males, the pheromones of most species are sexually monomorphic such that females possess no distinguishing chemosensory signatures that males can use for mate recognition3. We show that Drosophila yakuba males evolved the ability to use a sexually monomorphic pheromone, 7-tricosene, as an excitatory cue to promote courtship. By comparing key nodes in the pheromone circuits across multiple Drosophila species, we reveal that this sensory innovation arises from coordinated peripheral and central circuit adaptations: a distinct subpopulation of sensory neurons has acquired sensitivity to 7-tricosene and, in turn, selectively signals to a distinct subset of P1 neurons in the central brain to trigger courtship. Such a modular circuit organization, in which different sensory inputs can independently couple to parallel courtship control nodes, may facilitate the evolution of mate recognition systems by allowing novel sensory modalities to become linked to male arousal. Together, our findings suggest how peripheral and central circuit adaptations can be flexibly coordinated to underlie the rapid evolution of mate recognition strategies across species.

Effect of herbal soup on immunological parameters of people living with HIV, Kenya - a parallel single blind randomized control trial

Effect of herbal soup on immunological parameters of people living with HIV, Kenya - a parallel single blind randomized control trial

A Novel Parallel Control Method for Optimal Consensus of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems.

This work concentrates on the initial introduction of parallel control to investigate an optimal consensus control strategy for continuous-time nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). First, the control input is integrated into the feedback system for parallel control, facilitating an augmented system's optimal consensus control with an appropriate augmented performance index function to be established, which is identical to the original system's suboptimal control with a conventional performance index. Second, the feasibility of the proposed control scheme is evaluated based on the policy iteration algorithm, and the convergence of the algorithm is demonstrated. Then, an online learning algorithm becomes available to implement the ADP-based optimal parallel consensus control protocol without prior knowledge of the system. The Lyapunov approach is employed to indicate that the signals are convergent. Ultimately, the experimental data support the theoretical results.

Development, feasibility, and preliminary effects of a culturally adapted, evidence-based, and theory-driven diabetes self-management programme for Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection therapy

AimsTo describe the development of a culturally adapted, evidence-based, and theory-driven diabetes self-management programme for Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection therapy and to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the newly developed intervention. MethodsThe Medical Research Council framework was adopted to guide the intervention development and a feasibility study. A prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either the newly developed intervention or parallel attention control contact from community nurses. Between-group differences in changes in outcome variables were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. ResultsThe newly developed intervention consists of one individual interview session, three group-based education sessions, and two telephone-based maintenance sessions. A total of 24 participants were recruited with the recruitment rate and overall retention rate of 77.4 % and 95.8 %, respectively. The results indicated that the intervention participants reported significantly greater improvements in self-efficacy (Hedge’s g = 1.69) and self-management behaviours (Hedge’s g = 3.24), and reductions in diabetes-related distress (Hedge’s g = 1.49) compared with those in the control group (all p< 0.05). ConclusionThe diabetes self-management programme was feasible and acceptable. The intervention showed promising patient-centred benefits. A future large-scale randomised controlled trial is warranted.

An artificial intelligence-assisted digital microfluidic system for multistate droplet control

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile technique for parallel and field-programmable control of individual droplets. Given the high level of variability in droplet manipulation, it is essential to establish self-adaptive and intelligent control methods for DMF systems that are informed by the transient state of droplets and their interactions. However, most related studies focus on droplet localization and shape recognition. In this study, we develop the AI-assisted DMF framework μDropAI for multistate droplet control on the basis of droplet morphology. The semantic segmentation model is integrated into our custom-designed DMF system to recognize the droplet states and their interactions for feedback control with a state machine. The proposed model has strong flexibility and can recognize droplets of different colors and shapes with an error rate of less than 0.63%; it enables control of droplets without user intervention. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the volumes of split droplets can be limited to 2.74%, which is lower than the CV of traditional dispensed droplets, contributing to an improvement in the precision of volume control for droplet splitting. The proposed system inspires the development of semantic-driven DMF systems that can interface with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for fully automatic control.

Solar-Hydrogen system of additional power supply and digital control system for on-board power supply system

Even for short space flights, such as manned flights to the Moon back in the 60s, it became extremely obvious that electric batteries are completely unsuitable because of their huge mass needed to store the required supply of onboard energy. Therefore, already in the 60s of the last century, the USA and the USSR took the path of using a hydrogen storage system using hydrogen fuel cells.Solar-hydrogen energy systems for spacecraft reliably provide energy for carrying out various kinds of unscheduled work on board and for eliminating emergency situations. Surplus energy is constantly accumulated on board in the form of the chemical energy of cryogenic hydrogen. The article presents too the result of the development of a solar-hydrogen power supply system for spacecraft, the onboard network of which provides slow and fast processes. This paper delves into designing digital control systems for power conditioning devices on the example of charging-discharging device based on a boost DC-DC converter. The device was implemented to condition a storage battery by properly charging and discharging it. A technique for constructing a small signal model of the converter has been developed. This involves constructing a block diagram using the discontinuous switching functions and analog models of electrical circuit components. The transfer functions of the analog controllers for the two-loop subordinate control system were derived. Then the procedure of a bilinear z-transform to the given transfer functions was applied. As a result, the discrete transfer functions of the digital controllers were obtained. Realization both analog and digital controllers in Matlab Simulink confirmed their identical behavior and stability within the power converter. Experimental studies of the static and dynamic waveforms of the digital control system showed controllability and stability of the charging-discharging device for the storage battery in typical operating modes. Thus, the method of synthesizing digital control systems for energy converters is proved valid and applicable for designing new power conditioning devices within modern power supplies.

A Novel Impedance-Based Parallel Cooperative Control Method for Front and Rear Landing Gear Hydraulic Systems of UAVs

Cargo handling issues affect the ability of large heavy-duty Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to transport cargo and limit the development of large UAVs. Compared to conventional landing gear, hydraulically controlled landing gear can tilt the drone within a specified angle, facilitating smoother loading and unloading of goods. Therefore, it is important to study the hydraulic landing gear control system for a UAV to make the UAV’s tilt possible. In this paper, an impedance-based parallel cooperative control method for front and rear landing gear hydraulic systems of large heavy-duty UAVs is presented, which can achieve UAV tilting within a reasonable angle during the loading and unloading of cargoes by large, heavy-duty UAVs. This paper establishes the physical model of the UAV’s landing gear, the mathematical model of the hydraulic system, and the kinematic model of the airframe. Through kinematic analysis, the correlation between each hydraulic dive unit’s (HDU’s) extension length in the landing gear and the UAV’s tilt angle is established. This paper introduces a two-fold based-loop parallel control technique, featuring angle based-loop control for the UAV’s front and position based-loop control for its rear landing gear. It aims to enable the UAV to freely tilt for loading and unloading cargo at a predetermined angle, by measuring the UAV’s tilting angle, the HDU’s force exerted on the landing gear, and its positional parameters. Ultimately, the practicality of this technique is confirmed through simulations and experiments.

Mosquitocidal efficacy and pharmacokinetics of single-dose ivermectin versus three-day dose regimen for malaria vector control compared with albendazole and no treatment: An open-label randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesWhen malaria vectors consume ivermectin in a blood meal, their survival probability decreases, potentially reducing malaria transmission during mass drug administrations. However, questions remain regarding the optimal dosing. This study aimed to compare the mosquitocidal effect and pharmacokinetics of two-dose regimens of ivermectin for malaria vector control. DesignWe conducted an open-label randomized control trial in Kenya, staggered in blocks with sequential intervention groups and parallel controls. Participants were randomly assigned (2:1:1:1) using computer random-sequence generation, unstratified, with one block of six pharmacokinetics-only participants (single-dose ivermectin) and six blocks of four participants (3:1 intervention vs control), to receive single-dose ivermectin (400 mcg/kg, n = 12), three daily doses (3-day regimen 300 mcg/kg, n = 6), albendazole (400 mg, n = 6), or no treatment (negative control, n = 6). Our primary outcome was Anopheles gambiae survival (time-to-event [days]) after blood feeding up to 10 days after drug administration. We also evaluated pharmacokinetics (peak plasma and capillary blood concentration, areas under the plasma and capillary blood concentration-time curve from time of last administration to time of last observation, time to reach peak plasma and capillary blood concentration, terminal elimination half-life) up to 7 days after treatment. ResultsA total of 36 healthy volunteers aged 21-32 years were recruited into the study and followed up to completion, with two participants not attending the visit on day 28. All drug regimens were well-tolerated. Both regimens showed significant mosquitocidal effect in the first 7 days. At 10 days after treatment, the single dose presented superior longevity of effect (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.93-7.93; P <0.001) compared with the triple dose (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.88-3.62; P = 0.0.11). Albendazole had, overall, no mosquitocidal effect. ConclusionsIt is unclear why a single dose led to increased bio-efficacy compared with a triple dose. We recommend trials investigating ivermectin mass drug administrations for malaria control to consider single-dose ivermectin. A single-dose regimen is also expected to present additional operational advantages compared with a 3-day regimen, leading to improved programmatic suitability.

Hierarchical attitude stabilization controller design and analysis for underactuated spacecraft on SO(3)

In this paper, the complete attitude stabilization of underactuated spacecraft with two parallel single gimbal control moment gyroscopes (SGCMGs) is explored on 3-dimensional special orthogonal group (SO(3)) and its corresponding Lie algebra (so(3)). Instead of assumption on zero total angular momentum in existing article, a less conservative criterion is adopted to ensure system controllability, which does not simplify system dynamics. On the kinematic level, an ideal controller is proposed to globally stabilize attitude without singular initial condition and stagnation behavior. Besides, the ideal kinematic controller is developed on so(3), which avoids singularity or unwinding phenomenon caused by other attitude parameters. On the dynamic level, a hierarchical controller consisting of two parts is proposed. The high-level sliding mode part enforces finite time stabilization of angular velocity about underactuated axis while the low-level part tracks ideal angular velocity commands about actuated axes. A rigorous proof of the whole dynamic-kinematic system that has not been explored before is given. Analysis of hierarchical control from the perspective of linear algebra provides a novel insight into controller design for underactuated systems. Furthermore, the paradigm of controller design which is applicable to other underactuated systems is derived. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control logic.

Two efficient three‐mode control strategies for four‐switch buck‐boost converters

AbstractThe bidirectional DC‐DC conversion, as an important application scenario, places certain requirements on the topology structure. The four‐switch buck‐boost (FSBB) converter has received widespread attention due to its simple structure, flexible control and state switchability. However, the traditional control strategy makes it difficult to meet the requirements of high performance, high stability and high security at the same time. Furthermore, the control methods commonly adopted in domestic and international practical applications rely heavily on analogue control, which cannot maintain efficiency over a wide stability range. The use of digital control methods allows for optimized control algorithms, maintaining stable system operation and improving efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to use the digital control method to further improve the smoothness and steady‐state efficiency of the system multi‐mode switching while maintaining a wide input and output range, based on this, this study proposes two new three‐mode control modes: interleaved bias control mode and dual‐edge bias control mode.

Effects of a Multifactorial Program with Case Management for Falls Prevention on Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Randomized Clinical Study.

To evaluate the effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program based on CM on physical performance, the presence of pain, and the risk of falls and fractures in older people who have suffered falls. This randomized, single-blind clinical trial with parallel groups, Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG), was composed of 55 older people with a history of falling, living in the community. All participants underwent an initial assessment via video call (containing anamnesis, timed up-and-go test, falls risk score, short physical performance battery, and clinical frax). The IG underwent CM, the physical exercise protocol, and the cognitive stimulation protocol. The CG was monitored through telephone calls and received general health and fall guidance. No significant results were found in the physical capacity, the presence of pain, the risk of falls, or the fractures between the Intervention and Control Groups and between assessments. This program was not effective in improving functional performance, but it was important for characterizing pain and the probability of fracture in the next 10 years in this population.

Optimization of such strategy as frequency modulation for grid-side energy storage control-terminal in response to frequency fluctuations in the new power system grid

Abstract This paper focuses on the refinement of the control strategy for grid-side energy storage systems as they engage in primary and secondary frequency modulation within an emerging smart grid. To attain an optimal outcome, traditional frequency modulation methods, which often require high-precision operations and extended adjustment periods, fall short of the stringent demands posed by modern power systems for swift and responsive frequency modulation. Under such circumstances, the grid-side energy storage control-terminal system presents a viable solution for managing energy storage, thereby providing rapid and precise assistance to the power system’s frequency modulation. By implementing a control mechanism that can adaptively switch between ARR signal-based and ACE signal-based frequency adjustments, a segmented parallel control approach ensures that the energy storage system can promptly and effectively modify the power within the grid system, facilitating swift frequency modulation.