Anaerobic Threshold Values Research Articles

155. CAN ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD (AT) PREDICT LENGTH OF STAY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING IVOR LEWIS OESOPHAGECTOMY

Abstract Variables from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been used to predict negative prognostic markers in oesophagectomy. We investigate the predictive value of anaerobic threshold (AT) ≥11 mL/kg/min in predicting length of stay (LOS) in patients having Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy (ILO). We also correlate AT with pulmonary complications (pneumonia), anastomotic leak rate and survival in our outcome analysis. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was carried out at a regional centre in the UK, evaluating patients undergoing ILO for oesophageal cancer (OC) between May 2016 and December 2019. Data was collected using the hospitals electronic system containing clinic letters, anaesthetic assessment including CPET, pathology reports and information regarding death of the patient. Patients were divided into AT <11 mg/kg/min (LAT) and those with AT ≥11 mg/kg/min (HAT). χ2 test of association were used for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test to compare two sets of non-parametric data. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Kaplan–Meier curve was used for survival analysis. 153 patients underwent ILO (median age 67, 86% males). 70 from this cohort underwent CPET testing. Median AT was 10.5 (7.4–11.7). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between AT and LOS (p = 0.03). Median LOS for patients with LAT was 15.5 days (11–225) and HAT was 13.5 days (10–19.75) with no significant differences in LOS when comparing LOS between LAT and HAT (p = 0.09). There was no difference in anastomotic leaks between LAT and HAT (χ2 test) (p = 0.15). Overall survival estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves failed to demonstrate a statistical difference between LAT and HAT (median 28.5 vs 30.5) (p = 0.71). Our analysis shows a negative correlation between AT and LOS. Although LOS, anastomotic leaks, and survival were quantitatively better in the HAT group, it failed to reach statistical significance. This suggests that CPET variables are more beneficial as adjuncts to help shared decision making but not to predict post-operative outcomes. AT does not predict LOS in patients undergoing ILO.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD IN RUNNERS

The performance of runners is related to the anaerobic threshold level. Anaerobic threshold plays an important role in runner’s endurance. Anaerobic threshold value is also closely related to the level of runner’s fatigue when doing physical exercise or when competing for a long time. If the body’s endurance level cannot withstand the activities carried out, it will give a negative effect on their performance. There are exercises that aim to increase the anaerobic threshold value, namely high intensity interval training and blood flow restriction training. High intensity interval training can increase the anaerobic value through the mechanism of provide a high stimulus to anaerobic glycolytic and carbonic anhydrase reaction with formation (H+) that improved buffering capacity. Addition of blood flood restriction training by using limb occlusion pressure causes local hypoxia, so it will increase muscle metabolic demand. It will induce metabolic acidosis with increased hydrogen ions and lactate production.
 Key Words: High Intesity Interval Training; Blood Flow Restriction; Anaerobic Threshold; Anaerobic Capacity; Runners

Evaluation of anaerobic threshold values and maximal oxygen consumption of elite Turkish football teams

In this study, it was aimed to determine, compare and evaluate the anaerobic threshold values and maximal oxygen consumption of the football players in the teams competing in the Turkcell Super league. The causal screening model was used in the study, and a total of 67 athletes from 3 teams in the Turkcell Super League participated. The names of the teams are coded as Team A, Team B and Team C. Data collection was performed using SensorMedics 29 c ergospirometry with the breath by breath method of maximal oxygen consumption. Heart rate values were recorded instantly using Polar watch. The V-Slope method was used for the anaerobic threshold value. While SPSS 25.0 package program was used for statistical evaluation, One Way ANOVA analysis was applied to compare 3 teams. As a result of the statistical evaluation, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the teams in endurance training (heart rate), anaerobic threshold (heart rate), recovery (heart rate), and interval training (heart rate) parameters, however there was no statistically significant difference between the teams in VO2max values. As a result, although there is no statistically significant difference between the VO2max values between the teams, it is concluded that the athletes with higher values are more advantageous in other parameters. Keywords: Football, anaerobic threshold, maximal oxygen

Lactic acid level in soccer who consume red dragon fruit juice and regular exercise

Energy sources for athletes based on their movement patterns come from aerobic and anaerobic metabolism which have the potential to produce lactic acid. The increase in lactic acid causes the pH to decrease so that ATP formation is disturbed and causes pain in the muscles. This situation can affect an athlete’s performance. The antioxidants contained in red dragon fruit can reduce free radicals due to exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving red dragon fruit on reducing levels of lactic acid in an athlete’s blood plasma The subjects were 20 persons, male, who were qualified as athletes, non-smokers and no consumption of supplement as long as the research. The subjects were split into two group, randomly. Group RE; had activity regular exercise and no red dragon fruit given. Group RE+RD; had activity regular exercise and obtained juice from red dragon fruit. The RDF team was given regular exercise and received red dragon fruit juice. Regular exercise combination antioxidant red dragon fruit antioxidants must maintain the anaerobic threshold value to prevent fatigue due to lactic acid.

Karlman Wasserman, MD, PHD, Physiologist and Physician-Scientist: 1927–2020

Karlman Wasserman, MD, PHD, Physiologist and Physician-Scientist: 1927–2020

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in severe osteoarthritis: a crossover comparison of four exercise modalities.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is performed increasingly for cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and pre-operative risk stratification. Lower limb osteoarthritis is a common comorbidity in surgical patients, meaning traditional cycle ergometry-based cardiopulmonary exercise testing is difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables and subjective responses in four different exercise modalities. In this crossover study, 15 patients with osteoarthritis scheduled for total hip or knee arthroplasty (mean (SD) age 68 (7) years; body mass index 31.4 (4.1) kg.m-2 ) completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill, elliptical cross-trainer, cycle and arm ergometer. Mean (SD) peak oxygen consumption was 20-30% greater on the lower limb modalities (treadmill 21.5 (4.6) (p<0.001); elliptical cross-trainer (21.2 (4.1) (p<0.001); and cycle ergometer (19.4 (4.2) ml.min-1 .kg-1 (p=0.001), respectively) than on the arm ergometer (15.7 (3.7) ml.min-1 .kg-1 ). Anaerobic threshold was 25-50% greater on the lower limb modalities (treadmill 13.5 (3.1) (p<0.001); elliptical cross-trainer 14.6 (3.0) (p<0.001); and cycle ergometer 10.7 (2.9) (p=0.003)) compared with the arm ergometer (8.4 (1.7) ml.min-1 .kg-1 ). The median (95%CI) difference between pre-exercise and peak-exercise pain scores was greater for tests on the treadmill (2.0 (0.0-5.0) (p=0.001); elliptical cross-trainer (3.0 (2.0-4.0) (p=0.001); and cycle ergometer (3.0 (1.0-5.0) (p=0.001)), compared with the arm ergometer (0.0 (0.0-1.0) (p=0.406)). Despite greater peak exercise pain, cardiopulmonary exercise testing modalities utilising the lower limbs affected by osteoarthritis elicited higher peak oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold values compared with arm ergometry.

The impact of pulmonary artery banding and cardiac resynchronization therapy for the adult patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

It has been controversial how to manage severe dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle and severe tricuspid regurgitation for adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. We reported a 43-year-old man with these disorders, who received pulmonary artery banding and cardiac resynchronization therapy without cardiopulmonary bypass. The degree of the tricuspid regurgitation was improved to mild-moderate and systemic right ventricular ejection fraction was improved from 28 to 45% after surgery. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing showed that the predictive value of anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake improved from 65 to 99% and 59 to 92%, respectively. In conclusion, pulmonary artery banding and cardiac resynchronization therapy can be the first choice of surgery for severe tricuspid regurgitation with severely impaired systemic right ventricular function. After improving systemic right ventricular dysfunction tricuspid surgery could be the next choice as a surgical intervention in the future.

Correlation matrix for revealing informative indicators of functional state estimation, anaerobic working capacity and physical readiness of highly qualified athletes

The possibility of revealing informative markers for assessing the functional state and special working capacity of highly skilled multihorts by means of correlation analysis is considered. It is established that the values of the relative and explosive strength of most muscle groups have prognostic significance as a criterion for their physical fitness. The priority of extensor musculature for achieving high sports results in athletics decathlon is proved. It was found that the parameters of the anaerobic threshold, determined by the heart rate, are more related to the athletic result than the anaerobic threshold values determined by the amount of oxygen consumed. Five groups of indicators were distinguished, which had a strong relationship with the athletic result in the decathlon. The first group included markers that characterize the aerobic capacity of the body: the relative level of maximum oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory coefficient and vital capacity of the lungs. The second group consisted of parameters reflecting the rate of recovery of aerobic capacity of the body within 2 minutes after the end of physical activity: heart rate, respiratory, oxygen consumption and pulmonary ventilation. The third group included the values of energy metabolism in the central, right and left temporal regions of the brain, where the higher centers of the motor and sensory systems are located, as well as the centers of the descending pyramidal tract responsible for performing arbitrary movements. The fourth group included indicators characterizing the background mental state, speed and accuracy of the attentional set-shifting, psycho-emotional stability. The fifth group consisted of parameters of the analysis of the heart rate, which reliably correlated with the sum of points in the decathlon.

OR-025 Association study between Chinese excellent long-distance female athletes’ PGC-1β genetic polymorphism and aerobic capacity

Objective Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) is mainly expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues, which involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism processes such as fatty acid transport and oxidation, hepatic gluconeogenesis. PGC-1β is Previous studies have shown that this genetic polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. Therefore, based on the previous research, the relationship between PGC-1β gene polymorphism and aerobic exercise ability of elite female long-distance runners was discussed to provide new effective indicators for athletes' selection of materials, and improve the accuracy and advancement of athletes' selection of materials.&#x0D; Methods 56 Chinese elite female long-distance runners were selected, and venous blood was extracted to analyze the gene polymorphism of specific gene locus. The subjects were tested for aerobic endurance index and lung function index, wherein the aerobic endurance index included maximum oxygen uptake, relative maximal oxygen uptake relative value, anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold relative value, and lung function indicators including vital capacity, Time lung capacity, minute ventilation and maximum ventilation . Subsequently, the cross-sectional association study method was used to analyze the association between four genotypes locus of PGC-1β including rs32579, rs2161257, rs1544744 and rs10783180 in 56 subjects.&#x0D; Results 1) All four polymorphic locus were tested by H-W balance, indicating that the subjects were representative of the population. 2) rs32579 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 3) rs2161257 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 4) rs1544744 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 5) rs10783180 locus: There is a significant difference in the relative values of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold between different genotype athletes. The anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was 2156.35±227.69 ml/min and the anaerobic threshold of athletes with GG genotype was 2143.41±217.30 ml/min. So the anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than the anaerobic threshold of GG genotype athletes. The Anaerobic threshold relative value for AG genotype athletes was 50.99±3.99 ml/kg/min, while the anaerobic threshold relative value for athletes with GG genotype was 48.12±4.25 ml/kg/min. The anaerobic threshold relative value of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than that of GG genotype athletes&#x0D; Other indicators showed no significant difference.&#x0D; Conclusions The rs10783180 polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. The population carrying AG genotype may have higher anaerobic threshold value and relative value of anaerobic threshold, which may become more excellent endurance athletes. Rs10783180 polymorphic locus AG genotype can be used as a molecular genetic marker to predict the relative value of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold of Chinese Han women's long-distance runners in northern China.

A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING LACTATE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLDS IN JUDO AND MIXED MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES

The study aimed to determine the differences between exercise intensities at the anaerobic threshold values (VAT) calculated with methods of lactate curve analysis such as LTvisual, LTloglog, LT4.0, LTΔ1, and LTD-max, and to build regression equations that allow athletic training specialists to compare VAT values obtained from LTvisual, LTloglog, LTΔ1, LTD-max with that calculated with LT4.0. The sample analysed during the study consisted of 19 judoka and 22 MMA practitioners in a preparation period for competition. Each of the two disciplines has its own hierarchy of VAT values. The analysis aimed to determine the effect of the athletic discipline factor and of the method factor on VAT values. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) values obtained indicate that the effective exercise intensities have bigger variation in judoka aerobic endurance training. VAT values assessed for judoka using different methods for analysing the blood lactate concentration curve are more consistent than in MMA competitors. Conclusions: Judo and MMA competitors have their specific hierarchies of running velocities at the anaerobic threshold, with both the athletic discipline factor and the method factor having an interaction effect on the VAT level. VAT levels assessed from the different methods used to analyse the blood lactate concentration curve are more consistent (ANOM) in judoka than in MMA practitioners.

Routine pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy fitness testing is not indicated for oesophagogastric cancer surgery.

Introduction There is a known correlation between anaerobic threshold (AT) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and development of cardiopulmonary complications in high-risk patients undergoing oesophagogastric cancer surgery. This study aimed to assess the value of routine retesting following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent oesophagogastric cancer surgery with pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy cardiopulmonary exercise data were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Measured cardiopulmonary exercise variables included AT and maximum oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2 peak). Anaerobic threshold values within 1 ml/kg/minute were considered static. Patients were grouped into AT ranges of less than 9 ml/kg/minute, 9-11 ml/kg/minute and greater than 11 ml/kg/minute. Outcome measures were unplanned intensive care stay, postoperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Results Between May 2008 and August 2017, 42 patients from 675 total resections were identified, with a mean age of 65 years (range 49-84 years). Mean pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy AT was 11.07 ml/kg/minute (standard deviation, SD, 3.24 ml/kg/minute, range 4.6-19.3 ml/kg/minute) while post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy AT was 11.19 ml/kg/minute (SD 3.05 ml/kg/minute, range 5.2-18.1 ml/kg/minute). Mean pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy VO2 peak was 17.13 ml/kg/minute, while post-chemotherapy this mean fell to 16.59 ml/kg/minute. Some 44.4% of patients with a pre-chemotherapy AT less than 9 ml/kg/minute developed cardiorespiratory complications compared with 42.2% of those whose AT was greater than 9 ml/kg/minute (P = 0.914); 63.6% of patients in the post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy group with an AT less than 9 ml/kg/minute developed cardiorespiratory complications. There was no correlation between direction of change in AT and outcome. Conclusion In our patient population, neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not appear to result in a significant mean reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness. Routine pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy cardiopulmonary exercise testing is currently not indicated; however, larger studies are required to demonstrate this conclusively.

Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope and Prediction of Post-operative Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Lung Cancer.

Peak oxygen consumption is a very valuable cardiopulmonary functional parameter in pre-operative evaluation of patients with lung cancer. However, it has several critical limitations for operability decision due to failure in achieving maximal level of exercise test for cases. The aim of this study was to reveal the importance of more accurate cardiopulmonary parameters that can be calculated from data of submaximal level test, such as oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) and to determine whether it could be used in the operability decision phase for borderline cases by means of morbidity and mortality. One hundred and twenty-five patients who were scheduled to undergo lung surgery due to lung cancer were included in the study. Peak oxygen uptake (pVO2), heart rate at the anaerobic threshold, and oxygen consumption volume at anaerobic threshold values were obtained after performing the cardiopulmonary exercise test. The OUES value was calculated from the ratio of the peak VO2 value and logarithmic equivalent of the ventilatory volume (VE). The following equation was used for determining OUES: VO2/log10 VE. The peak VO2 mean value was 21.37 ± 4.20mL/min/kg in patients. However, OUES mean value was 12.44 ± 2.11. When the metabolic parameters of the patients were compared, a significant correlation was determined between the peak VO2 value and peak VE, OUES, and survival (p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that OUES is significantly correlated with peak VO2 and it does not require the performance of maximal exercise and can be used together with peak VO2 in this patient population when there is difficulty in making decision for surgery in patients with lung cancer.

Additional value of anaerobic threshold in a general mortality prediction model in a urban patient cohort with Chagas cardiomyopathy

Abstract Introduction The anaerobic threshold (AT) is an objective and direct measurement that reflects variations in metabolism of skeletal muscles during exercise. Its prognostic value in heart disease of non-Chagas etiology is well established. The risk of mortality in Chagas cardiomyopathy is relatively well assessed by the Rassi score. However, the added value that AT can bring to the Rassi score has not been studied. Objective To assess whether AT presents additional prognostic value to the Rassi score in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Methods In this prospective dynamic cohort study, 150 medical records were reviewed, and 45 records of patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 1996 and 1997 and followed until September 2015 were selected. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model to detect associations between the study variables. The fit of the models was confirmed using receiver operating curves and the coefficient of determination R2. Results Eight patients (17.78%) had died by September 2015, seven of them (87.5%) from cardiovascular causes, of whom four (57.14%) were considered high risk by the Rassi score. With the Rassi score as independent variable and death as the outcome, we obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.711, with R2=0.214. With AT as independent variable, AUC was 0.706, with R2=0.078. When both Rassi score and AT were defined as independent variables, AUC was 0.800, with R2=0.263. Conclusion When AT is included in logistic regression, it increases the accuracy of the Rassi score for mortality prediction by 5%.

Comparison of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Anaerobic Threshold in Soccer and Handball Players

Ackground/Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold values between soccer and handball players. Methods: 10 male professional soccer players and 10 male professional handball players took part in the study. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT) were assessed using an incremental treadmill test. AT was estimated noninvasively using the V-slope method. The values of VO2 (ATVO2), heart rate (ATHR), time (ATTIME) and running speed (ATSPEED) corresponding to the AT were identified. AT was recorded as a percentage of VO2max (AT %VO2max) and HRmax (AT %HRmax). Time to exhaustion was determined as the total duration of the test. Results: There were no significant difference between the time to exhaustion(min), HRmax, absolute VO2max (ml min-1) and relative VO2max (ml kg-1min-1) of soccer and handball players compared to each other (p> 0.05). Similarly there were no significant difference between the two groups in the ATSPEED (km h-1), ATTIME (min), ATHR, absolute ATVO2 (ml min-1), relative ATVO2 (ml kg-1min-1), AT %VO2max and AT %HRmax (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Although soccer and handball require different movement patterns, they may exhibit similar aerobic endurance capacity. Hence physiological requirements in both branches may be expected to be similar in relation to training volume and intensity.

A useful, innovative, and visual method to quantify fitness and heart failure

We have reported that the highest ratios of O2 uptake and CO2 output to ventilation (VO2/VE and VCO2/VE) occur during moderate rather than maximal exercise and that lower ratios better predict early cardiac death than lower peak VO2 or anaerobic threshold values. Therefore we postulated that plotting simultaneous VO2/VE‐vs‐VCO2/VE values of incremental exercise studies against each other on X‐Y axes would give an easy‐to‐understand single display that might quantify cardiovascular performance exceptionally well. Plots of 90‐s rolling averages of VO2/VE‐vs‐VCO2/VE were optimal. The diagonal oval racetrack patterns of VO2/VE‐vs‐VCO2/VE in normal subjects were distinctive. In over 300 normal subjects, reference formulas in mL (STPD)/L (BTPS) for highest VO2/VE = 42.2 – 0.189yrs +0.036cm less 3.0 for women and for highest VCO2/VE = 38.9 – 0.155yrs + 0.038cm less 1.9 for women. The patterns and highest values for patients with left or right heart failure were also examined. Patients with more severe heart failure had lower VO2/VE‐vs‐VCO2/VE values at rest with exercise values moving in an abnormal direction. We conclude that highest VO2/VE and VCO2/VE values, elicited without maximal exercise, are important parameters. Further, plots of VO2/VE‐vs‐VCO2/VE yield distinctive patterns that alone well assess cardiac performance and disease. No government, industry, or institutional support.

Verification of Anaerobic Threshold Indicators for Cross-Country Skiers in Natural Conditons

Verification of Anaerobic Threshold Indicators for Cross-Country Skiers in Natural Conditons Introduction. The objective of this paper was to verify hart rate values for the anaerobic threshold in cross-country skiers during long-term submaximal intensity training effort. Material and methods. Stress tests were conducted for 6 athletes (4 female and 2 male members of the Polish National Team). The first test involved a graded-intensity laboratory stress test on a mechanical treadmill which consisted of 5-minute exercising periods and enable determining the anaerobic threshold values. The subsequent test (performed within 2-7 days after the first test) involved a submaximal intensity run test based on the determined heart rate (HR) ranges for 400 m on a tartan track. The test involved a 10-minute run done three times at a given intensity based on the HR values for blood lactate level at 4 mmol/l (HRppa), previously determined during the laboratory tests. First exercise: a run at a speed corresponding to HRppa minus 10 bpm, second exercise: HRppa minus 5 bpm and third exercise: HRppa. Results. The verification of the HRppa values recorded in the laboratory tests on a mechanical treadmill confirmed that this indicator is moderately useful for the purpose of selecting the exercise load during race trainings in natural conditions. Conclusion. The race speeds determined on a mechanical treadmill for the anaerobic threshold need to be corrected (increased speed) for the purpose of finding similar exercise load for race trainings in natural conditions.

Test–retest reliability of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope in surgical patients

The oxygen uptake efficiency slope is a measure of cardiopulmonary fitness, that can be obtained from a sub-maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. It has been evaluated in medical patients but its reliability in surgical populations remains uncertain. We conducted a test-retest study with the aim of establishing the reliability of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope in relation to that of the anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake, in general surgical patients. Twenty-six patients over 60 years old completed two symptom-limited, incremental cycle ergometry tests within 7 days. The mean (SD) anaerobic threshold was 13.0 (3.0) mlO(2) .kg(-1) .min(-1) . There were no significant differences between mean test and retest values of anaerobic threshold (p = 0.50), peak oxygen uptake (p = 0.76) or oxygen uptake efficiency slope (p = 0.42). Reliability coefficients (95% CI) for the anaerobic threshold, oxygen uptake efficiency slope and peak oxygen uptake were 66.7% (45.3-87.9%), 89.0% (81.0-96.9%) and 91.7% (85.7-97.8%), respectively. The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was determined easily in all patients and found to have excellent reliability. Its clinical utility in determining pre-operative fitness warrants further evaluation.

The Relationship between Sit-to-stand Frequency and Anaerobic Threshold Determined by Cycle Ergometer

[Purpose] This study examined the adjustment of work load in the sit-to-stand exercise (STSE). [Subjects] The subjects were twenty-nine healthy young males, average age of nineteen. [Methods] Subjects did STSE and cycle ergometer exercise on the same day. The STSE protocol was standing-up frequencies set from 6 to 30 (times per minute),with an exercise time of three minutes at each frequency. The anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined on a cycle ergometer with a ramp protocol. The items measuring work load were oxygen uptake and heart rate. Cardiopulmonary function was measured from resting time to the end of the exercise. Oxygen uptake volume and heart rate relative to their AT values were calculated. [Results] Oxygen uptake volume and heart rate relative to their AT values frequencies from 6 to 30 times per minute ranged from 45.9 to 119.8 (%), and from 67.6 to 106.9 (%), respectively. [Conclusion] In case of STSE, the work load intensity of a subject cannot be quantitatively determined. Heart rate and oxygen uptake at standing exercise frequencies setting from 6 to 30 times/min relative to their anaerobic threshold values were 67.6-106.9 (%) and 45.9-119.8 (%), respectively. It was clarified that 30 times or less were anaerobic threshold that corresponded to work load . It is appropriate to adjust work load based on this standing up frequency only for young subjects.

Alternative method for determining anaerobic threshold in rowers

In rowing, the standard breathing that athletes are trained to use makes it difficult, or even impossible, to detect ventilatory limits, due to the coupling of the breath with the technical movement. For this reason, some authors have proposed determining the anaerobic threshold from the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), but there is not yet consensus on what value of RER should be used. The objective of this study was to test what value of RER corresponds to the anaerobic threshold and whether this value can be used as an independent parameter for determining the anaerobic threshold of rowers. The sample comprised 23 male rowers. They were submitted to a maximal cardiorespiratory test on a rowing ergometer with concurrent ergospirometry in order to determine VO2max and the physiological variables corresponding to their anaerobic threshold. The anaerobic threshold was determined using the Dmax (maximal distance) method. The physiological variables were classified into maximum values and anaerobic threshold values. The maximal state of these rowers reached VO2 (58.2±4.4 ml.kg-1.min-1), lactate (8.2±2.1 mmol.L-1), power (384±54.3 W) and RER (1.26±0.1). At the anaerobic threshold they reached VO2 (46.9±7.5 ml.kg-1.min-1), lactate (4.6±1.3 mmol.L-1), power (300± 37.8 W) and RER (0.99±0.1). Conclusions - the RER can be used as an independent method for determining the anaerobic threshold of rowers, adopting a value of 0.99, however, RER should exhibit a non-linear increase above this figure.

Método alternativo de determinação de limiar anaeróbio em remadores

In rowing, the standard breathing that athletes are trained to use makes it difficult, or even impossible, to detect ventilatory limits, due to the coupling of the breath with the technical movement. For this reason, some authors have proposed determining the anaerobic threshold from the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), but there is not yet consensus on what value of RER should be used. The objective of this study was to test what value of RER corresponds to the anaerobic threshold and whether this value can be used as an independent parameter for determining the anaerobic threshold of rowers. The sample comprised 23 male rowers. They were submitted to a maximal cardiorespiratory test on a rowing ergometer with concurrent ergospirometry in order to determine VO2máx and the physiological variables corresponding to their anaerobic threshold. The anaerobic threshold was determined using the Dmax (maximal distance) method. The physiological variables were classified into maximum values and anaerobic threshold values. The maximal state of these rowers reached VO2 (58.2±4.4 ml.kg-1.min-1), lactate (8.2±2.1 mmol.L-1), power (384±54.3 W) and RER (1.26±0.1). At the anaerobic threshold they reached VO2 (46.9±7.5 ml.kg-1.min-1), lactate (4.6±1.3 mmol.L-1), power (300± 37.8 W) and RER (0.99±0.1). Conclusions - the RER can be used as an independent method for determining the anaerobic threshold of rowers, adopting a value of 0.99, however, RER should exhibit a non-linear increase above this figure.