Anaerobic Digestion Of Kitchen Waste Research Articles

PROPOSED BY DISPOSAL OF MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE BY BIO METHANATION IN GADHINGLAJ CITY

In India Bio-Methanation in conventional biogas plant have been proposed as one of the appropriate alternative sources of energy which can counter the escalating demand of fossil fuels. In India large quantity of waste generates produce per day and hence the noof biogas installation of biogas plant is increasing rapidly and the trend is expected to continue at least for the foreseeable future. Biogas plant like many other energy generating technologies is not free from environmental problem. Biogas production requires anaerobic digestion. The biogas plant creates an organic processing facility to create biogas which will be more cost effective, eco friendly, cut down on landfill waste, generate a high quality renewable fuel and reduce Carbon Dioxide and Methane emission. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, which primarily consist of methane (CH4 ) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Biogas can be used as energy source and also for numerous purposes. But any possible application requires knowledge and information about composition and quantity of constituent in the biogas produced.

Enhancing kitchen waste anaerobic digestion by recycled aluminum industry waste: Alkali treatment and potential electron transfer mechanism

Kitchen waste has become a significant environmental concern worldwide. Red mud, an industrial solid waste characterized by its porous structure and high iron oxide content, exhibits potential as a conductive conduit in the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathway. In this study, red mud pretreatment of kitchen waste was conducted to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD). The effect and mechanism of enhancing kitchen waste AD by red mud pretreatment was studied for the first time. Results indicated that red mud pretreatment could accelerate the hydrolysis of organic compounds and alleviate the acid inhibition. Consequently, the methane production rate was increased from 260.7 mL/g VS to 402.3 mL/g VS, i.e., up to 54.3%. And volatile solids removal efficiency was increased from 53.9% to 73.1%, i.e., up to 35.6%. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed the enrichment of electrochemically active bacteria (Synergistaceae), acetogenic bacteria (Syntrophomonadaceae) and methanogens (Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina), which played essential roles in interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) and DIET. This study showed that red mud pretreatment has the potential to enhance kitchen waste AD which contributes to carbon mitigation. It also threw the potential new insights to the relative mechanism.

Preparation of iron oxide-modified digestate biochar and effect on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste

Two kinds of Fe2O3-modified digestate-derived biochar (BC) were prepared and their effects on anaerobic digestion (AD) of kitchen waste (40.0 g VS/L) were investigated, with BC and Fe2O3 addition used as a comparison. The results showed that Fe2O3-modified BC (Fe2O3-BC1 prepared by co-precipitation and Fe2O3-BC2 by impregnation) significantly increased methane yield (20.8 % and 16.4 %, respectively) and reduced volatile fatty acid concentration (35.6 % and 29.6 %, respectively). Microbial high-throughput analysis revealed that Fe2O3-modified BC selectively enriched Clostridium (47.3 %) and Methanosarcina (72.2 %), suggesting that direct interspecies electron transfer contributing to improved biogas production performance was established and enhanced. Correlation analysis indicated that biogas production performance was improved by the larger specific surface area (83.4 m2/g), pore volume (0.101 cm3/g), and iron content (97.4 g/Kg) of the BC. These results offer insights for enhancing the efficacy of AD processes using Fe2O3-modified BCs as additives.

Effects of different acidification-resisting strategies on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste: Methanogenic properties and microbial community shift

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely used as a promising technology for the treatment of kitchen waste (KW). The effects of several acidification-resisting methods were compared, which included the supplementation of trace elements (TEs) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) / powdered activated carbon (PAC), and the application of the sludge domesticated by acetic acid (HAc) and KW as inoculum. The results showed that the supplementation of TEs and ZVI/PAC at total solid (TS) content of 6% and optimal addition doses resulted in an increase in methane yield to 346 and 366 mL/g VS, respectively. In addition, the methane yields of 327 and 241 mL/g VS were obtained by applying the sludge domesticated with KW and HAc as inoculum, while the methane yield of the control was only 89.2 mL/g VS, representing a relative increase of 288%, 311%, 267%, and 170%. The acidification could be alleviated by applying these methods, and also the methanogenic profile was improved. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed that the enrichment of Methanosarcina, which enhanced the substrate utilization capacity and subsequently increased methane production, was achieved through the addition of TEs and ZVI/PAC, along with the application of sludge domesticated by KW.

Biogas slurry reflux enhances the organic loading rate of high-solid anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste by alleviating fatty acids accumulation

The inhibition of fatty acids metabolism is a key limiting factor for organic loading rate (OLR) enhancement during the high-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of kitchen waste (KW). Biogas slurry reflux (BSR) has been demonstrated to enhance system stability and biogas production. However, the mechanism through which BSR modulates fatty acids metabolism, thereby increasing OLR, remains unclear. Therefore, by conducting thermodynamic evaluation and multi-omics analyses, this study explored the feasibility of BSR for enhancing OLR in HSAD and its regulatory role in fatty acids metabolism throughout a semi-continuous long-term (363-day) pilot experiment. In the first OLR increase stage, the system operated stably when the OLR was below 6.0 g·VS/L·d, and the average daily methane yield exceeded 400 mL/g VS. Moreover, functional genes related to fatty acids degradation were enriched. However, fatty acids metabolism was inhibited at an OLR of 6.0 g·VS/L·d, resulting in a noticeable accumulation of fatty acids, leading the system to the brink of collapse. Notably, the implementation of BSR promoted an OLR increase, reaching levels of 7.5 g·VS/L·d. Thermodynamic analyses demonstrated that BSR promoted the thermodynamic degradation of propionate and butyrate under equivalent OLR conditions. Particularly, BSR enhanced the enrichment of Syntrophaceticus and Syntrophomonas, thereby promoting syntrophic acetate oxidizing-hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Metagenome and metabolome analyses suggested that BSR promoted medium and long-chain fatty acids degradation and methanogenesis under high OLR (OLR exceeding 6.0 g·VS/L·d). These findings provide systematic insights into the regulation of fatty acids biochemical metabolism through BSR, thus promoting an increase in OLR within plug-flow HSAD.

Effect of alkali pretreatment time on kitchen waste anaerobic digestion performance enhanced by alkali pretreatment combined with bentonite: performance enhancement, microbial community structure, and functional gene analysis.

Kitchen waste was mainly composed of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of kitchen waste usually occurred acidification and further deteriorated. In our previous study, alkali pretreatment combined with bentonite (AP/Be) treatment was proved to enhance high solid AD of kitchen waste. However, effects of AP time on AP/Be were not yet studied. This study investigated the effects of AP time on AP/Be treatment on enhancing high solid AD. The results showed that compared with the control group, the cumulative methane production rate could be increased by 3.30 times (149.7mL CH4/g VS) and the volatile solids (VS) reduction rate increased by 63.36%. Microbial community analysis showed that the relative abundance of Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta were increased from 6.49 and 7.83% to 47.14 and 16.39% respectively. Predictive functional analysis showed that AP/Be treatment increased the abundance of energy production and conversion, coenzyme transport, and metabolism. This study revealed the potential mechanism of AP/Be enhanced kitchen waste AD performance and AP/Be was a potential strategy to strengthen AD.

Enhancing High Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste with Red Mud Addition: Performance and Microbial Community

Enhancing High Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste with Red Mud Addition: Performance and Microbial Community

A change in substance and microbial community structure during the co-composting of kitchen waste anaerobic digestion effluent, sewage sludge and Chinese medicine residue

Anaerobic digestion is a resource recovery method for organic waste, gaining attention due to carbon reduction. Disposing of anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) is crucial for developing anaerobic digestion, but conventional wastewater treatment fails to effectively recover nutrients contained in the ADE. In the present study, the ADE without solid-liquid separation was mixed with sewage sludge and Chinese medicine residue for the composting, where the ADE could be recovered at high temperature through humification. Besides, the nitrogen balance, humification process, and microbial dynamics during the composting process were studied. The results showed that the group supplemented with ADE could increase the nitrogen retention efficiency by 2.21 % compared to the control group. High ammonia nitrogen content and salinity did not negatively affect the maturity and phytotoxicity of compost products and even increase the humification degree of compost products. Moreover, additional ADE may not alter microbial community structure, which could contribute to microbial succession. This is the first time to investigate the substance transformation and shift in microbial community structure while applying composting process for ADE treatment, in which the anaerobic-aerobic collaborative disposal process provides an alternative solution for the recovery of ADE.

Deeper Insights into the Effect of Humic Acid on Kitchen Waste Anaerobic Digestion: Enzyme Activities, Microbial Community Dynamics, and Key Metabolic Pathways

Anaerobic digestion (AD) represents one of the most eco-friendly approaches for recovering the energy from kitchen waste (KW). This study investigated the impact of humic acid (HA) on AD of KW. Batch experiments were conducted using KW as the substrate, with varying HA dosages. The results revealed that an increase in HA dosage led to an inhibition of methanogenic efficiency by 29.51% and a delayed start-up of AD. The HA exhibited dual effects on enzyme activities during AD, inhibiting hydrolytic enzymes while stimulating acidogenic enzymes. This unique interaction ultimately resulted in a significant 12.32% increase in volatile fatty acid production. Furthermore, HA induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and had a discernible impact on the activity of the electron transfer system. A bioinformatics analysis highlighted that HA promoted the abundance of microorganisms with mediated interspecies electron transfer ability, including DMER64 and Methanosaeta, as well as the Firmicutes phylum, while significantly reducing the abundance of Methanobacterium. Moreover, the KEGG pathway analysis revealed a decrease in hydrolysis and methanogenesis-related genes and an increase in acidogenesis-related genes.

Digestate Quality Originating from Kitchen Waste

This paper examines the influence of biomass directed to anaerobic digestion on the quality of digestate, specifically focusing on the presence of undesirable substances, such as plastics, including biodegradable ones. It analyses the susceptibility of selected bioplastics to degradation and addresses the problem of reliable identification of microplastics in both feedstock—directed to anaerobic digestion—and produced digestate. The review indicates the advantages of using kitchen waste as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The constant availability of kitchen waste as a raw material, its homogeneous composition, and the fact that it is not subjected to seasonal fluctuations, facilitates its management in the anaerobic digestion process. However, to ensure the desired quality of a digestate, it is important to carry the selective collection of waste at the source. The review refers to the issues of quality, materials, and regulations, and it may be useful for readers entering the subject of a material loop, as well as those already involved in the subject, including local government units. Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste is an important part of a renewable economy, providing year-round constantly available substrate for energy production that is not seasonally dependent.

Impacts of river snails rice noodle ingredients addition on the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion performances, microbial communities and metabolic pathways

With the rapid development of the river snails rice noodle industry, the treatment of the wastewater generated in the production of river snails rice noodle has attracted people’s attention. This study investigated the performance of the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste with river snails rice noodle ingredients, including key enzyme activities, microbial community distribution and metabolic pathways in the anaerobic reactor. The average chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were 92.5% and 88.7% when 130 g and 260 g river snails rice noodle ingredients were added in the anaerobic reactor, respectively. Acetate kinase activity of the sludge decreased during anaerobic digestion, but increased at 35 °C on days 55. The river snails rice noodle ingredients inhibited the growth of Proteobacteria and the expression of methane metabolism. An increase in temperature promoted the presence of Bacteroidetes and Methanothrix (increased by 3.95% and 2.64% respectively). The later stage of experiment demonstrated an increase in the glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. It was illustrated that the addition of river snails rice noodle ingredients inhibited the processing capacity of the anaerobic digestion reactor, and the increase of operating temperature of anaerobic reactor alleviated the inhibition of higher content river snails rice noodle ingredients on anaerobic digestion process. It was provided valuable basic information for the future study of treatment of river snails rice noodle wastewater.

A Review on Start-Up Phase Optimization of Kitchen Waste Anaerobic Digestion

Kitchen waste has been confirmed as an appropriate substrate for anaerobic digestion, although means of alleviating the difficulties and time-consuming nature of the start-up phase need to be further explored. Based on the mechanism of anaerobic digestion, we discuss the factors influencing the anaerobic start-up phase of kitchen waste. By controlling the temperature, pH, organic loading rate, inoculation ratio and other parameters, the high activity of methane-producing archaea and other bacteria can be intensified, thereby increasing the biogas yield. Furthermore, we introduce the methods of substrate pretreatment, operating condition optimization and conductive material addition. Finally, we put forward future perspectives and research gaps related to accelerating the start-up phase of anaerobic bioreactors utilized for kitchen waste biodegradation.

Effects of upward flow rate and modified biochar location on the performance and microecology of an anaerobic reactor treating kitchen waste.

Increasing the value of food waste through anaerobic digestion is an attractive strategy. Meanwhile, the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste also faces some technical challenges. In this study, four EGSB reactors were equipped with Fe-Mg-chitosan bagasse biochar at different locations, and the reflux pump flow rate was increased to change the upward flow rate of the reactor. The effects of adding modified biochar at different locations under different upward flow rate on the efficacy and microecology of anaerobic reactors treating kitchen waste were investigated. Results showed that Chloroflexi was the dominant microorganism when the modified biochar was added to the lower, middle, and upper parts of the reactor and mixed in the reactor, accounting for 54%, 56%, 58%, and 47%, respectively, on day 45. With the increased upward flow rate, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi increased, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased. It was worth noting that the best COD removal effect was achieved when the anaerobic reactor upward flow rate was v2 = 0.6m/h and the modified biochar was added in the upper part of the reactor, during which the average COD removal rate reached 96%. In addition, mixing modified biochar throughout the reactor while increasing the upward flow rate provided the greatest stimulus for the secretion of tryptophan and aromatic proteins in the sludge extracellular polymeric substances. The results provided a certain technical reference for improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste and scientific support for the application of modified biochar to the anaerobic digestion process.

Microbial response behavior to powdered activated carbon in high-solids anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste: Metabolism and functional prediction analysis

Anaerobic digestion (AD) can not only treat organic waste, but also recycle energy. However, high-solids AD of kitchen waste usually failed due to excessive acidification. In this study, the effect of activated carbon (AC) on kitchen waste AD performance was investigated under high-solids conditions (total solids contents = 15%). The results showed that efficiencies of acidogenesis and methanogenesis were promoted in presence of moderate concentration (50 g/L > AC >5 g/L), but high concentration (AC >70 g/L) weakened AD performance. Moreover, AC addition enhanced the methane production rate from 66.0 mL/g VS to 231.50 mL/g VS, i.e., up to 250.7%. High-throughput sequencing results demonstrated that the abundance of electroactive DMER64 increased from less than 1%–29.7% (20 g/L AC). As AC gradually increased，aceticlastic methanogenesis changed to hydrogenotrophic pathway. Predicted functional analysis indicated that AC can enhance abundances of energy and inorganic ion metabolism, resulting in high methane production.

Experimental Study On Production of Biogas from Kitchen Waste

In our institute we have four hostels and all having their own individual mess, where daily a large amount of kitchen waste is obtained which can be utilized for better purposes. Biogas production requires Anaerobic digestion. Project was to Create an Organic Processing Facility to create biogas which will be more cost effective, eco-friendly, cut down on land fill waste, generate a high-quality renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide & methane emissions. Overall, by creating a biogas reactor on campus in the backyard of our hostels will be beneficial. Kitchen (food waste) was collected from different hostels of PACE IT & S Mess as feed stock for our reactor which works as an aerobic digester system to produce biogas energy. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, a valuable energy resource Anaerobic digestion is a microbial process for production of biogas, which consist of Primarily methane (CH4) & carbon dioxide (CO2). Biogas can be used as energy source and also for numerous purposes. But any possible applications require knowledge & information about the composition and quantity of constituents in the biogas produced. The continuously-fed digester requires addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH to 7. For this reactor we have prepared our Inoculum than we installed batch reactors, to which inoculum of previous cow dung slurry along with the kitchen waste was added to develop our own Inoculum. A combination of these mixed inoculum was used for biogas production at 37°C in laboratory (small scale) reactor (20L capacity) In our study, the production of biogas and methane is done from the starch-rich and sugary material and is determined at laboratory scale using the simple digesters.

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste driven by microbial electrolysis cell (MEC): Digestion performances, anodic microorganisms’ distribution and current utilization efficiency

The aims of present study were to investigate the performances of kitchen waste thermophilic anaerobic digestion driven by microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), and to clarify the methanogenic metabolism pathways on the electrodes (especially on the anodic biofilm). The results showed that both 0.6 V and 1.0 V voltages supplementation could enhance methane yields and production rates, while efficient methanogenesis failed to be sustained after power outages under high organic loading rate (OLR, 4.22 gVS/L/day) condition. Voltages supplementation could also enhance VS removal efficiencies from 83.24–83.35% to 87.01–87.46%, and strengthened the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) on the outer layer of anodic biofilm. Voltages supplementation accelerated the β-oxidation of volatile organic acids (VFAs) on the inner layer of anodic biofilm and facilitated acetoclastic methanogenesis on the outer layer of anodic biofilm. The generated electrons on the anode were transferred to the cathode for producing hydrogen as a substrate of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, rather than directly generating methane by reducing carbon dioxide through direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathway. On the anodic biofilm, the syntrophic relationship between Syntrophomonas and Methanosarcina was confirmed as the main contributor of methanogenesis. Analysis of current utilization efficiency proved that a little amount of energy input could lead several folds of current utilization efficiencies in return, especially under high OLRs condition, which was anticipated to be applied into practical engineering of kitchen waste thermophilic digestion for higher economic benefits.

Metabolic effects of Fe0 on simultaneously eliminating excessive acidification and upgrading biogas in mesophilic or thermophilic anaerobic reactor

Excessive acidification and low methane (CH4) percentage are technical challenges restricting anaerobic digestion (AD) of kitchen waste, especially under high organic loading rate (OLR) conditions. Although the contribution of Fe0 powder to excessive acidification elimination and CH4 yield improvement in mesophilic AD (MAD) has been extensively reported, its impact on the thermophilic AD (TAD) process with more frequent excessive acidification problem is rarely studied. Moreover, the difference in microbial interactions and metabolic pathways between MAD and TAD reactors under Fe0 regulation was still unclear. In this study, we compared the performance of Fe0 dosing on excessive acidification elimination and biogas upgrading quality in both MAD and TAD reactors at different OLRs. The results showed that compared with excessive acidification or low CH4 percentage (less than 70%) in control reactors without Fe0 addition, the CH4 yield of MAD and TAD reactors with addition of Fe0 at OLR of 35 gVS/L were 470.88 mLCH4/gVS and 270.40 mLCH4/gVS, with higher CH4 composition of 81.32%–82.23% and 83.68%–88.48% respectively. Microbial diversity analysis showed a sharp distinction between MAD and TAD reactors with addition of Fe0. Analyses of co-occurrence networks and metabolic pathway presented hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway, in addition to acetoclastic methanogenesis, was dominant in MAD reactors as results of enhanced interspecies hydrogen transfer between Methanoculleus and some hydrogen producers, especially under high OLR condition. In contrast, syntrophilic acetate oxidization - hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which dominated by Methanothermobacter and Alkaliphilus or Pelotomaculum, was the sole methanogenic pathway in TAD reactors. The results will shed lights on the regulation mechanisms of Fe0 in AD of kitchen waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, offering new insight into development of more efficient waste to energy conversion technologies.

Effect of Saline Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste for Methane Generation: Modeling and Fertilizer Recovery

AbstractA comparative study of methane recovery by co‐digesting kitchen waste and saline sewage sludge is performed to evaluate its feasibility for waste minimization. The experiment is performed at 37 °C having a mixing speed of 100 rpm and pH of 6.49–7.5 in anaerobic mixed batch reactors. The higher salinity level of the saline sewage sludge reduces the degradation rate of kitchen waste causing an enhancement in soluble chemical oxygen demand by 133% compared with 280% when co‐digesting with the non‐saline sample. The inhibitory behavior is in line with the low volatile solid elimination efficiency of 31% of saline against 55% of non‐saline sludge. The Gompertz modeling, based on the outcomes, fits the cumulative methane generation trends quite well, with a strong correlation coefficient (>0.994). Besides, use of the non‐saline sludge results in three times more methane production than the saline sample digestion. Sludge recovery is 0.07 m3 sludge m−3 wastewater, and water recovery is 0.84 m3 m−3 wastewater. The liquid produced from the fermentation of the slurry can be used for irrigation as well as fertilization. Kitchen waste co‐digestion with both sludge samples has been proven to be a practical method for exploiting the extra digestion capacity of wastewater treatment plants currently in operation, but it is more practical for non‐saline sludge.

Enhanced anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste at different solids content by alkali pretreatment and bentonite addition: Methane production enhancement and microbial mechanism

High solid anaerobic digestion (AD) has been considered as a promising and sustainable technology for treating kitchen waste. To enhance AD of kitchen waste, alkali pretreatment and bentonite addition treatment (AP/Be) was performed on kitchen waste, and microbial community was investigated at different total solids (TS) content (10%, 13%, 19%, 22% and 25%). The results indicated that after AP/Be treatment, methane yield was as high as 198 mL CH4/g volatile solid (VS), which increased by 236% as the control. Moreover, microbial community analysis revealed that AP/Be treatment enriched bacterial microbial diversity. At TS of 10%, AP/Be treatment enhanced the hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacterium) significantly. In addition, the dominant methanogenic pathways changed at different TS content. These results demonstrated AP/Be treatment had a positive effect on methanogenesis during kitchen waste anaerobic digestion process. This study threw new insights towards enhancing kitchen waste anaerobic digestion, as well as the microbial mechanism.

Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste with hyperthermophilically pretreated grass for biohydrogen and biomethane production

Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste with grass after hyperthermophilic pretreatment was performed in semi-continuously operated reactors. The greatest methane yield of 293 NmlCH4/gVS (volatile solids) was reported for the mixture of both substrates at 55 °C with a solids retention time of 30 d and the corresponding organic lading rate of 1.72 kgVS/m3/d. In contrast, pretreated grass subjected to thermophilic digestion produced only 131 NmlCH4/gVS. However, when mesophilic conditions were applied, the digestion process turned into dark fermentation, especially visible for the mixture. Metagenomic analysis revealed the dominance Ruminococcaceae, Atopobiaceae and Lactobacillaceae at a family level in mesophilic processes, whereas Petrotogaceae, Synergistaceae, Hungateiclostridiaceae, Planococcaceae and two methanogens Methanosarcinaceae and Methanothermobacteriaceae were the most frequent microbes of thermophilic digestion. Kitchen waste can successfully be co-digested with hyperthermophilically pretreated grass at high loading rates, however the digesters must be operated at thermophilic temperatures.