Anabaena Sphaerica Research Articles

Biomass study of Anabaena sphaerica cultivated in electroplating industrial effluent

The growth of microalga Anabaena sphaerica in electroplating industrial effluent with reference to the vegetative cells , heterocysts and dry biomass weight brings about oxygenation and mineralization in addition to the increase in biomass which serve as a multipurpose raw material to the industries. From lab scale experiments it is demonstrated that the present investigation could be converted to pilot study for large scale production of biofuel and other commodity chemicals. Cultivation of microalgal biomass as a potential resource / raw material for various industries to produce commodity chemicals could enhance the economy and curtail the environmental hazards.

Analysis of the structure of phytoplankton communities in the ecological monitoring of Lake Zaozernoe (Russia)

In this work, the taxonomic composition, biodiversity, abundance, biomass, ecological features of planktonic algae and water quality in Lake Zaozernoye of the Pskov Region were studied a year after the territory was recognized as a natural monument. A twofold increase in the species richness of plankton was revealed, a two-fold decrease in representatives of the Euglenozoa phylum and a 40% decrease in representatives of Cyanobacteria. 145 phytoplankton taxa ranked below the genus from 8 phylums have been identified: Bacillariophyta (50 species taxa), Chlorophyta (36), Ochrophyta (18), Cyanobacteria (12), Euglenozoa (12), Miozoa (8), Cryptophyta (5) and Charophyta (4). The biomass was dominated by diatoms and cryptophytic algae. Toxic cyanobacteria species Aphanocapsa delicatissima and Aphanothece sp. have been identified among the dominant species in terms of numbers. 2 rare species of algae have been identified for reservoirs in the Northwestern region – Anabaena sphaerica Bornet Flahault (Cyanobacteria) and Phacus monilatus (A. Stokes) Lemmerman (Euglenozoa). The analysis of species diversity using the Sierensen–Chekanovsky, Shannon, Simpson, and Margalef diversity indices revealed changes in the structure of the plankton community in different areas of the lake. The species composition of Zaozernoye is compared with the lakes closest to it.

One-pot green synthesis of magnetic adsorbent via Anabaena sphaerica and its performance towards Remazol Red dye removal from aqueous media

A simple one-pot green approach was adopted for synthesizing novel surface-modified Anabaena sphaerica biomass of various functional groups with the superparamagnetic Fe3O4. The preparation strategy was based on the reduction of iron-precursor by the antioxidants released from Anabaena sphaerica during the solvothermal process. The prepared materials were applied for Remazol Red F3B (RR) dye removal. The adsorptive material prepared by 1:3 Anabaena sphaerica to Fe-precursor weight ratio as starting materials heated at 200 °C/48 h removed ∼ 98% of RR dye (10 mg/L) after only 15 min at pH 3. The reusability of the best sample was confirmed for five consecutive runs. Langmuir best described the adsorption equilibrium data, while Elovich's kinetic model best fitted the experiment data even at low adsorbent dosage. Conclusively, the prepared magnetic biosorbents were demonstrated as good adsorbents for water decontamination.

Improving drought tolerance and glycyrrhizin content of licorice plant by EPS-producing cyanobacteria

We evaluated the effects of two selected EPS-producing cyanobacterial strains for microbe-dependent drought tolerance in native licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and addressed the mechanisms, which might be improved through these interactions. These bacteria were inoculated on the soils in a form of single strain (Anabaena sphaerica or Nostoc pruniforme) or two strains (Anabaena + Nostoc) in greenhouse conditions. The growth parameters, physiological and metabolical responses among treatments were investigated through assaying the antioxidants and glycyrrhizin contents in the plants grown in both normal condition and moderate water stress condition (FC 50%). The reduction of the ratio of root/shoot in response to drought (FC 50%) was correlated with amount of specific metabolites production, including glycyrrhizic acid (GA), glabridin (GB), liquiritin (LQ) and liquiritigenin (LG), especially in soil treated by Anabaena + Nostoc (P < 0.05). In water-deficient conditions, accumulation of GA in plants treared by Anabaena + Nostoc was boosted by 64% and 69% compared to Anabaena and the control, respectively. Besides, a significant increase in catalase activity (25%) was perceived in this treatment after exposure to drought stress. These results highlight the potential role of enzymatic antioxidants and the increase of GA content in responsing to the drought tolerance in licorice plant. Our findings suggest that using EPS-producing strains of Cyanobacteria is an efficient treatment to improve the drought tolerance in cultivation of medicinal plant in soil of arid and semi-arid regions.

Deciphering salinity tolerance in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica: an evaluation of physiological and biochemical adjustments

Deciphering salinity tolerance in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica: an evaluation of physiological and biochemical adjustments

Deciphering the mechanisms of zinc tolerance in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica and its zinc bioremediation potential.

Cyanobacteria adopt a variety of changes at proteomic and metabolic levels for surviving under harmful environmental conditions including heavy metal stress. The current study investigates the impact of zinc stress on the proteome of Anabaena sphaerica to get an insight into its molecular mechanisms of zinc tolerance. The study revealed three different aspects that were associated with the zinc tolerance in A. sphaerica: (i) the reduced expression of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, energy metabolism, respiratory, and transcriptional/translational proteins probably to conserve energy and utilizing it to sustain growth; (ii) the enhanced expression of metallothionein and ferritin domain protein All 3940 to chelate free zinc ions whereas upregulation of antioxidative proteins for detoxifying reactive oxygen species; and (iii) the expression of large numbers of hypothetical proteins to maintain the important cellular functions. Furthermore, over expressions of sulfate adenylyl transferase and cystathionine beta synthase along with the increased synthesis of peptidases and thiolated antioxidant proteins were also noticed which denoted cysteine synthesis under sulfur deprivation possibly by mobilizing the sulfur from dead cells and its channelization towards the production of thiolated antioxidants. Besides tolerating excess amount of zinc, A. sphaerica exhibited high zinc biosorption efficiency which confirmed its outstanding zinc bioremediation potential.

Iron induced qualitative enhancement in lipid profile of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica

Iron induced qualitative enhancement in lipid profile of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica

Effects of zinc toxicity on the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica-ultastructural, physiological and biochemical analyses.

The current study describes the mechanisms of zinc toxicity in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica after eight days treatment with 10 mg L-1 ZnCl2. The application of zinc not only showed elevated accumulation of the metal inside the cells but also exhibited devastating impacts on the cell numbers, morphology, and ultrastructure of A. sphaerica. The effects of zinc on the pigments contents, oxygen evolution rate, Fv/Fm, electron transport rate, and carbohydrate content were also evaluated in A. sphaerica. Moreover, zinc adversely affected nutrient uptake and the cellular energy budget in the test cyanobacterium which in turn hampered heterocyst development and nitrogen fixation. Alongside, the cyanobacterium experienced zinc-mediated non-competitive inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity, curtailed synthesis of amino acids and proteins. Furthermore, drastically reduced total lipid and increased unsaturated lipid contents were also the prominent characteristics of zinc stressed A. sphaerica. Most importantly, zinc stress caused severe damages to the protein, lipid, and DNA by triggering hydrogen peroxide generation and accumulation of oxidized glutathione. Therefore, excess zinc is highly toxic to the cyanobacterium A. sphaerica, and the mechanisms of its toxicity followed a cascade of events including oxidative stress mediated geopardisation of growth and ultrastructure, metabolic derangements, and macromolecular damages.

Обогащение биогенными веществами и его влияние на сообщество фитопланктона р. Раздан на территории г. Ереван, Республика Армения

The phytoplankton community and nutrient enrichment of Hrazdan River have been studied in the Yerevan District, Republic of Armenia. Water was sampled in spring and summer of 2019. The content of phosphate, ammonium, and nitrite ions were significantly higher downstream of the Yerevan District compared to the stations located upstream. The latter were characterized by higher abundance of diatoms (Melosira varians and Rhoicosphenia curvata), while Oscillatoria limnetica, O. chlorina, and Anabaena sphaerica dominated downstream, reflecting different eutrophic state of the river parts.

&lt;p&gt;Protective role of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in the cyanobacterium &lt;em&gt;Anabaena sphaerica&lt;/em&gt; isolated from iron rich paddy field of Chhattisgarh, India&lt;/p&gt;

Iron, as an essential element for plants and microorganisms, plays a significant role in photosynthesis, photopigment synthesis, nitrogen fixation, nucleic acid synthesis, etc. However, in iron rich environments, it causes stress by affecting various physiological activities including ROS generation and detoxification machineries. Here, we investigated the protective role of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in the cyanobacteria, Anabaena sphaerica from the iron rich regions of Chhattisgarh. We evaluated various morpho-physiological modifications at different concentrations of iron (0, 20, 50, 75 and 100 µM FeCl 3 ). Microscopic and physiological characterization showed highest order of structural deformities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation at 100 µM FeCl 3 but growth was reduced only by 28%. Possibly, maximum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities along with highest level of antioxidants (carotenoid, proline, cysteine and non protein thiol) played a major role in protecting the growth. As compared to 20 µM FeCl 3 treated cells of A. sphaerica , almost equal growth and no structural alterations at 50 and 75 µM FeCl 3 may be correlated with minimum ROS, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content along with an activation of efficient ROS detoxification machinery i.e. enhanced level of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants. Thus, the inherited property of A. sphaerica to grow at iron enriched condition make it more efficient microbe for improvement of the nitrogen status in the soil.

The Dynamic of Density and Diversity of Cyanophyta in Different Pond Bases in Educational Pond of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

This study was conducted in tarpaulin and soil base educational pond in the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga. This study is aimed to know the dynamics of density and variety of Cyanophyta in ponds of different bases at educational ponds of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga. The research employed survey method, which is intended to describe the existing phenomena, regardless the period of occurrence. The results were presented in descriptive form. The result of observed density of Cyanophyta at 14.00 in the tarpaulin pond ranged between 868,000 and 1,569,000 ind / l., while the one in the soil pond ranged from 331,000 to 372,000 ind / l. The result of observed dynamics in the tarpaulin pond included the species of Ghomphosphaeria, Anabaena circularis, Anabaena raciborskii, Anabaena sphaerica, Microcystis sp., and Spirulina sp. On the other hand, in the soil pond were Anabaena circularis, Anabaena raciborskii, Microcystis sp., and Spirulina sp. Spirulina sp was the dominant species in the tarpaulin and soil ponds.

Central composite design (CCD) optimization of phytohormones supplementation for enhanced cyanobacterial biodiesel production

Based on our previous findings, two potent cyanobacterial strains namely, Anabaena sphaerica MBDU 105 and Nostoc calcicola MBDU 602 showed suitability for biodiesel production were chosen in this study to enhance biomass and lipid accumulation. The present study investigated the effect of nutrient supplementation with different carbons sources, chemical modulators and nutrient starvation on lipid accumulation. Nutrient supplementation with organic carbon sources yielded higher biomass (5.38–7.96 fold) and lipid productivity (2.81–2.19 fold) rather than lipid content. For chemical modulators, indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3C) and kinetin (KT) increased lipid accumulation by 22 ± 1.9 and 34 ± 1 (% dwt), respectively. Therefore, central composite design was performed to assess the interactive effect of I3C and KT on lipid content, biomass and lipid productivity, fatty acid composition and their fuel properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that I3C promote the biomass and lipid productivity of tested heterocystous cyanobacterial strains.

Phylogeny and salt-tolerance of freshwater Nostocales strains: Contribution to their systematics and evolution

Phylogenetic relationships among heterocytous genera (the Nostocales order) have been profoundly modified since the use of polyphasic approaches that include molecular data. There is nonetheless still ample scope for improving phylogenetic delineations of genera with broad ecological distributions, particularly by integrating specimens from specific or up-to-now poorly sampled habitats. In this context, we studied 36 new isolates belonging to Chrysosporum, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, and Cylindrospermopsis from freshwater ecosystems of Burkina-Faso, Senegal, and Mayotte Island. Studying strains from these habitats is of particular interest as we suspected different range of salt variations during underwent periods of drought in small ponds and lakes. Such salt variation may cause different adaptation to salinity. We then undertook a polyphasic approach, combining molecular phylogenies, morphological analyses, and physiological measurements of tolerance to salinity. Molecular phylogenies of 117 Nostocales sequences showed that the 36 studied strains were distributed in seven lineages: Dolichospermum, Chrysosporum, Cylindrospermopsis/Raphidiopsis, Anabaenopsis, Anabaena sphaerica var tenuis/Sphaerospermopsis, and two independent Anabaena sphaerica lineages. Physiological data were congruent with molecular results supporting the separation into seven lineages. In an evolutionary context, salinity tolerance can be used as an integrative marker to reinforce the delineation of some cyanobacterial lineages. The history of this physiological trait contributes to a better understanding of processes leading to the divergence of cyanobacteria. In this study, most of the cyanobacterial strains isolated from freshwater environments were salt-tolerant, thus suggesting this trait constituted an ancestral trait of the heterocytous cyanobacteria and that it was probably lost two times secondarily and independently in the ancestor of Dolichospermum and of Cylindrospermopsis.

Differential physiological, oxidative and antioxidative responses of cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica to attenuate malathion pesticide toxicity

Abstract Malathion, a synthetic organophosphorus pesticide, is very frequently utilized in the paddy fields to overcome crop loss caused by pest invasion. Importance and association of cyanobacteria with paddy fields creates an interesting new perspective to investigate the physiological and biochemical alterations in the paddy field cyanobacterium namely Anabaena sphaerica at different levels of malathion (5, 10, 20 and 30 µg ml −1 ). Malathion at 5 µg ml −1 increased the growth and exerted no adverse impact on the physiological and biochemical indices but the higher dose, 30 µg ml −1 , exhibited detrimental effects on the cell growth, total pigment content, total protein content, carbohydrate content, photosynthetic efficiency and protein profile of the cyanobacterium through relentless generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, enhanced level of antioxidative enzyme activity (SOD, CAT and APX) coupled with increased production of phenolics and flavonoids reflected their involvement in the ROS detoxification mechanism and in small reduction of growth at sublethal doses (10 and 20 µg ml −1 ). Possession of almost equal amount of total carbohydrate content and the simultaneous production of higher level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoids, phenolics and flavonoid) at sublethal doses of malathion appeared to be an additional effective detoxification system in A. sphaerica .

Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticle using fractioned cellular components from eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria

SummaryIn the present investigation fractioned cellular components like intact pigment bearing thylakoids/chloroplasts, carotenoids, protein, polysaccharides were extracted from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica and green alga Chlorococcum infusionum. Each of these extracts was used separately in search for efficient reducing agents during gold nanoparticle (GNP) production in pro‐ and eukaryotic algal cell systems. The whole biomass and extracted compounds or cellular structures were exposed in 25 mg L−1 aqueous hydrogen tetrachloroaurate solutions separately at room temperature. Isolated viable chloroplasts from C. infusionum and thylakoids from A. sphaerica were found to be able to reduce gold ions. The protein extracts of both strains were also able to synthesize GNP at 4°C. Extracted polysaccharides of the two strains responded differently. Polysaccharides from A. sphaerica showed positive response in GNP synthesis, whereas no change was observed for C. infusionum. The carotenoids extracts from both strains acted like an efficient reducing agent. Initially the reducing efficiency of these extracted components was confirmed by the appearance of purple color in biomass or in experimental media. The GNPs, synthesized within the biomass were extracted by sonication with sodium citrate. The UV–vis spectroscopy of extracted purple colored suspensions and media showed the absorption bands at approximately 530–540 nm indicating a strong positive signal of GNP synthesis. Transmission electro n microscopy determined the size and shapes of the particles. The X‐ray diffraction study of the synthesized GNP revealed that the 2θ values appeared at 38.2°, 44.5°, 64.8° and 77.8°. Amongst all, isolated thylakoids and chloroplast showed only spherical GNP production with variable size range at pH 4. Monodisperse GNPs were also synthesized by isolated thylakoids and chloroplast at pH 9. A detailed morphological change of gold treated biomass was revealed employing scanning electron microscopy. The fluorescent property of gold loaded cells was studied by fluorescence microscopy.

Analysis on Phytoplankton Community Diversity in Xingkai Lake

The phytoplankton community were investigated at Xingkai Lake in July and August 2011. The results showed that there were 31 species belonging to 5 phylum of phytoplankton in Xingkai Lake. In the detect, 10 species (32.29%) of Cholorophyta was found. Cell density in Dangbi town and Lake center was 1.592×106ind./L and 1.562×106ind./L respectively. Cell density of Cyanophyta was the highest, and the dominant species were Merismopedia tenuissim, Anabaena sphaerica and Phormidium anomala . Shannon-Wiener index of samples in the two places were 2.85 and 2.86 respectively, and Margalef index were 1.59 and 1.27 respectively. It showed that the type of water was mesosaprobic-heavy pollution type, and we should pay attention to the water pollution.

Isolation and screening of heterocystous cyanobacterial strains for biodiesel production by evaluating the fuel properties from fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles

This study reports on the biodiesel quality parameters of eleven heterocystous cyanobacterial strains based on fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profiles. The biomass productivity of the tested cyanobacterial strains ranged from 9.33 to 20.67mgL−1d−1 while the lipid productivity varied between 0.65 and 2.358mgL−1d−1. The highest biomass and lipid productivity was observed for Calothrix sp. MBDU 013 but its lipid content is only 11.221 in terms of percent dry weight, next to the Anabaena sphaerica MBDU 105, whose lipid content is high. To identify the most competent isolate, a multi-criteria decision analyses (MCDA) was performed by including the key chemical and physical parameters of biodiesel calculated from FAME profiles. The isolate A.sphaerica MBDU 105 is the most promising biodiesel feed stock based on decision vector through Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Assistance (GAIA) analysis.

Separation and identification of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds from Scenedesmus obliquus and three cyanobacterial species

Four algal species named Scenedesmus obliquus (green algae), Oscillatoria agardhii, Oscilatoria limnetica, and Anabaena sphaerica (blue green algae) were isolated from Ismailia Canal water (Port Said, Egypt). The fat of the samples was Soxhlet extracted using hexane for 8 h. The organic fractions were purified using silica columns. Organic compounds such as n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other hydrocarbons that can be produced from these strains were determined, separated, and identified by GC and GC/MS. The identification and quantification of the aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as PAHs have been carried out using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The total hydrocarbon content was between 11.7 and 30.4 mg/g dry weight, while the concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes varied between 145.1–238.7 μg/L and 106.4–120.6 μg/L, respectively. On the other hand, unknown compounds were verified by Varian 4500 GC/MS.

Parametric, equilibrium, and kinetic studies on biosorption of diuron byAnabaena sphaericaandScenedesmus obliquus

In this study, the bioremoval potential of diuron by the cyanobacterium, Anabaena sphaerica, and the green algae, Scenedesmus obliquus, was investigated under different experimental conditions, including pH, diuron concentrations, contact time, and biomass dosage. Approximately, <80% (40 mg/L) of the analyte was removed by 1 g/L of both species within 80 min at pH = 3. The equilibrium data were well fitted to Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a probable monolayer biosorption of diuron on the biomass surface. Biosorption kinetics was best described by pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The biosorption mechanism of diuron over the studied biosorbents was found to be controlled by the external mass transfer. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 504–511, 2015

Biosorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solution by fresh water alga Anabaena sphaerica biomass

The present work represents the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto the biomass of the blue green alga Anabaena sphaerica as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial metal ion concentrations. Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of both metals by A. sphaerica biomass. The biosorption isotherms studies indicated that the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) follows the Langmuir and Freundlish models. The maximum biosorption capacities (qmax) were 111.1 and 121.95mg/g, respectively, at the optimum conditions for each metal. From the D–R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated to be 11.7 and 14.3kJ/mol indicating that the biosorption mechanism of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by A. sphaerica was chemisorption. The FTIR analysis for surface function group of algal biomass revealed the existence of amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups, which are responsible for the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II). The results suggested that the biomass of A. sphaerica is an extremely efficient biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.