Amount Of 5-HMF Research Articles

The Use of HPLC-DAD Method in Determining the Quality of Honeys: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Analysis

The recognition of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content in honeys has been the subject of many scientific studies as it is a significant indicator of the toxicity, its processing method, storage situations and age. In this research, the amount of HMF in 95 different flower and honeydew honey samples obtained from markets, factory sales offices and local beekeepers in Turkiye was determined. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was employed to recognize HMF contents. Before sample analysis, the standard HMF solutions were prepared at different concentrations and method validation studies were carried out. The HMF content limit value of flower and honeydew honey in the Honey Communiqué (TFC/Communiqué No:2020/7) is stated as 40 mg.kg-1. According to the obtained results, the HMF contents in honey samples were found as 0.00-16.65 mg.kg-1. It was determined that the amounts of HMF were at the highest level in monofloral milk vetch honey (MH_MV) samples coded MH_MV3 and MH_MV4. Therefore, it was concluded that all of the honey samples were compatible with the Honey Communiqué in terms of HMF and had appropriate honey quality values.

Determination of hydroxymethylfurfural and malondialdehyde amounts in various instant coffees commonly sold in Türkiye

Coffee is currently one of the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages around the world. Although many beneficial compounds are present in the composition of coffee, it should be taken into account that coffee products may contain some toxic substances. The aim of this study is to determine both 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the most well-known coffee brands in Türkiye and to discuss the factors associated with the increase of these toxic compounds in coffee products. In this research, 30 instant coffee samples were obtained from common commercial markets in Istanbul, Türkiye. The amounts of HMF and MDA in these coffees were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amounts of HMF and MDA in the coffee samples ranged from 2.8 to 1595 mg/kg and from 17.5 µg to 212 µg/100 g, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the declared amount of added sugar and the analyzed amount of HMF. The amounts of both HMF and MDA, or either HMF or MDA were generally higher in coffee products with high non-dairy coffee creamer content (82–85 %). The present study provides remarkable findings about the quality of coffee products commonly sold in Türkiye.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the anti-allergic constituent of commercial Prunus mume products in Taiwan

The juice extracted from Prunus mume (Mei-Gin) is in the form of a highly concentrated dark black syrup. It is a common health supplement in Asia. The active component, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), manifested a concentration-dependent effect on the inhibition of β-hexosaminidase degranulation upon antigen-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. In order to investigate HMF (1) of P. mume extract, HMF was isolated and the HPLC profiles of 23 commercial Mei-Gin products (6 types) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for HMF content. The samples included 10 Taiwanese Mei-Gin products, 3 Japanese Mei-Gin products, 5 specific-processing Mei-Gin products, 2 commercial plum drinks, 1 fresh mature plum extract, and 2 heat-processed samples. The HPLC profiles showed that the commercial products contained various amounts of HMF. Among them, the water extract of P. mume showed better yield of HMF. The yields from such products may differ due to different Mei-Gin original materials and different extraction and manufacturing procedures.

Cytokine Responses in BALB/c Mice Immunized with Ovalbumin after Oral Administration of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Introduction: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most important products of the Millard reaction. Several kinds of foods and beverages produce high amount of 5-HMF. In the recent years, many profitable effects of this compound have been demonstrated. Because of the role of T helper cells cytokines in the inflammatory responses, this study sought to investigate the effects of 5-HMF on IFN-γ and IL-4 levels respectively as Th1 and Th2 cytokines in BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). Materials & methods: BALB/c mice (n=5 for each group) were grouped as follow: control, vehicle, and two different treatment groups. The treatment groups received daily doses of 188 and 750 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The groups were immunized with OVA on days 7 and 28 except for the control. Interleukin 4(IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels were measured in serum by ELISA. Findings: IL-4 levels were significantly suppressed in 5-HMF treatment groups (P less-than 0.001). IFN-γ levels were significantly lowered in the treatment groups (P less-than 0.05). Further, no significant difference was observed in IL-4 and IFN-γ levels between the treatment groups (P greater-than 0.05). Discussion & conclusions: 5-HMF reduced production of selected components of Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses in immunized BALB/c mice.

Consumption of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural-rich dried fruits is associated with reduction in urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine: a randomized clinical trial

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is widely presented in foods and produced through the degradation of hexoses and the Maillard reaction. This study aimed to investigate any association between 5-HMF content of consumed dried fruits and urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The study consisted of 75 healthy volunteers. After an overnight fasting, two urine samples were collected before and 5 h after consumption of date, apricot, currant, plum and fruit bread, 100 g each. Twenty-five samples from frequently consumed types of dried fruits were analyzed for 5-HMF with HPLC. Urinary 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (HMFA) and 8-OHdG were determined using HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The amount of 5-HMF in the tested samples varied from 314.8 ± 166.1 to 2496.3 ± 2301.2 mg/kg. The lowest and highest levels of 8-OHdG were 10.1 ± 1.5 µg/g creatinine for plum and 24.7 ± 6.6 µg/g creatinine for date. At the two time points, mean HMFA levels varied from 630.6 ± 114.5 to 2116.8 ± 600.3 and 286.7 ± 24.8 to 582.0 ± 119.2 (µg/g creatinine), respectively. There was a significant difference in HMFA amounts of the samples before and after consumption of apricot and plum (P 0.66, P < 0.01). It is concluded that consumption of 5-HMF-rich dried fruits is associated with a significant reduction in urinary excretion of 8-OHdG.

Application of acidic wastewater from monosodium glutamate process in pretreatment and cellulase production for bioconversion of corn stover – Feasibility evaluation

Reducing process cost of the bioconversion of lignocellulosic is a challenge. In China, abundant acidic wastewater from monosodium glutamate production is difficult to treat, leading to serious water pollution. In this study, acidic liquid (ALC) and solid residue components (SC) obtained from the wastewater were used in pretreatment and cellulase production, respectively, to evaluate their potential in bioconversion of corn stover. Optimum pretreatment conditions (170 degrees C, 60min, 0.75% ALC) were identified by a central composite design method. There were little difference in the chemical components and digestibility (above 84%) of between ALC and H(2)SO(4)-treated corn stover, and amounts of HMF and furfural in liquor after pretreatment with ALC and H(2)SO(4) under optimum conditions. SC can be substituted for (NH(4))(2)SO(4) in liquor fermentation to produce cellulase with comparable filter paper (about 10.7U/ml) and beta-glucosidase (about 2.7U/ml) activities.

THERMAL KINETIC STUDY OF COLOR CHANGES AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYL FURFURAL FORMATION IN LITCHI JUICE

Effect of different thermal treatments on formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and its relation with nonenzymatic browning of litchi juice (cv. Huaizhi) were studied. The results showed that the rate of change in browning index (A 420 ) and formation of 5-HMF followed a first-order kinetic pattern when heated under 60, 70, 80, 90 and 98°C for a prolonged period of 5h. The activation energy for the browning and the formation of 5-HMF was 51.19 and 143.64 kJ/mol, respectively. As the prolongation of heating time, the rate of 5-HMF formation increased as the temperature rose. The amount of 5-HMF formed under 98°C was approximately 40 times of that under 60°C after 5h of heating, i.e., 66.98 and 1.69 mg/kg respectively. The formation of 5-HMF, and A 420 , total color difference (TCD*) of litchi juice during heating exhibited a significant positive correlation. This study indicated the browning problems related to litchi juice after thermal processing was caused by the formation of 5-HMF, a Maillard Reaction intermediate product, and therefore the color of litchi juice is vulnerable to high temperature treatment and prolonged heating time.

Hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde and amylase contents in Australian honey

Abstract The quality of Australian honey samples (processed and unprocessed) was assessed using HPLC techniques. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde (HMF) was used as the main quality indicator. Sampling included four commercially-processed honeys (Australian rainforest, Beechworth, Homebrand and Leabrook) and three unprocessed (Banksia, Grey box and Mallee). All honey samples, except Leabrook and Beechworth, showed an initial HMF content less than the Codex Alimentarius and International Honey Commission standard (40 mg/kg). HMF contents in Leabrook and Beechworth were 50.8 ± 1.34 and 74.9 ± 2.34 mg/kg, respectively. Heating unprocessed honey at 85 °C for 2 min caused significant ( p ⩽ 0.05) increment in HMF contents. The amounts of HMF in Mallee samples increased from 34.0 ± 0.31 to 42.3 ± 0.37 mg/kg after 2 min at 85 °C. All honey samples showed amylase activity above the minimum limit (8 Gothes). The physiochemical properties of honey showed significant variations among samples. The results revealed also that heating was not the only factor influencing HMF formation in honey, but also honey composition, pH value and floral source can contribute to these variations. Consequently, the amount of HMF may be an insufficient sole indicator of honey quality.

心筋保護液の安定性と使用期間の検討

Cardioplegic solution (CPS), a pharmaceutical product manufactured at our hospital, is used for operative myocardial protection. Glucose, one of the elements of CPS, is known to disintegrate into formic acid, levulinic acid and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). Accordingly, the stability and their shelf life of CPS were evaluated by pH variation, visual inspection and the amount of 5-HMF. CPS was preserved for 12 months at room temperature (25°C) and at 4°C (under room light or in darkness) after autoclaving at 115°C and 0.7kg/cm2 fo 30 min. The pH of the sample was observed along with a periodical visual inspection. The amount of 5-HMF in the CPS was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an UV detector at 284 nm. It was found that light had no effect on the production of 5-HMF. The amounts of 5-HMF in the samples preserved at 25°C tended to be greater than those in samples preserved at 4°C. However, it seems that the CPS was relatively stable since the amount of 5-HMF in the CPS was less than 1/40 of the limit noted in the fourteenth revised edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JPXIV). These findings suggest that a temperature of 4°C is preferable to 25°C for the preservation of CPS and that the CPS remains relatively stable for more than 12 months.

General and local toxicity of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in rabbits.

General toxicity (A) and vein damaging properties (B) of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) were studied in rabbits. A. 400 mg HMF was given as subcutaneous injections twice a day for a week. It was not possible to demonstrate any harmful effect of the injections on the following parameters: weight, haemoglobin, leucocytes, platelets, serum-protein, serum-alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, liver cell necrosis or hepatic steatosis as compared with a control group. B. Addition of 200 mg HMF/l isotonic NaCl solution did not increase the vein irritating effect of the solution, when given as a 5 hours' continuous intravenous infusion. The amounts of HMF used in this study far exceeded what patients receive from glucose solutions.