Amount Of Waste Tires Research Articles

Use of Waste Rubber Material as Crumb on Road Construction

Abstract: The growth rate of vehicles is the backbone of economic development of any country. India is the second fast growing automobile industry in the world. In today’s era, solid waste management is the thrust area. On the other side, the traffic intensity is also increasing. As a result, amount of waste tyres is also increasing. The increasing consumption of waste tire has generated many problems such as increasing landfill space, environmental pollution and causing health hazards. Parallel to this is the increasing of roads construction because of heavy traffic on roads. This study reviews to the use of crumb rubber (waste tires in powder form) in bitumen using the wet process. The study focuses on the crumb rubber as a replacement to the total weight of bitumen. The design or life span for all highways and urban roads is 10 – 20 years. Unfortunately, damages or distresses on pavements are still occurring before reaching the maximum period of the designed road serviceability. Among the major influencing factor that is contributing to this distress is the repeated heavy traffic loading on the road surfaces. Moreover, the use of waste crumb rubber in road construction as a pavement surface has a better skid resistance, fatigue crack resistance and increased rut resistance. The review includes physical tests that are used to determine the physical properties of bitumen and modified crumb rubber mix. The physical tests involve penetration test, softening point test, and ductility test. The expectations from the study are to develop bitumen with waste crumb rubber that would minimize the costs of bitumen and providing better physical properties compared to the convention bitumen based on the tests that was conducted.

Application of Recycled Steel Fibre in Malaysia: A Review

The amount of waste tyres is expected to increase with the surge of vehicle ownership in Malaysia as tyres are vehicle vital components that require regular replacement. The improper disposal of waste tyres has generated environmental issues. Energy recovery through burning, recycling, and disposal in legal and illegal landfills are common methods in disposing of waste tyres in Malaysia. Studies show that waste tyres contain steel fibre that can be extracted and has the potential to be used in construction. In Malaysia, existing methods of material recovery are shredding and pyrolysis. The steel retrieved from waste tyres exhibits good adhesion with mechanical strength recorded up to 2165 MPa and a modulus of 300. However, the uneven shape, length, and geometry can lead to a balling effect when incorporated into concrete but with a proper mix proportion this issue can be managed. Addition of recycled steel fibre to concrete can enhance its structural strength and crack-bridging effect while the use of recycled steel fibre in hot mix asphalt can enhance its tensile strength and toughness. The utilisation of steel recovered from waste tyres presents an opportunity to address environmental concerns related to waste tyre disposal and its potential applications.

Cyclic Direct Shear Testing of a Sand with Waste Tires

This study investigates the cyclic behavior of sand mixed with waste tires by using a series of strain-controlled cyclic direct shear tests under constant normal load (CNL) conditions. Crushed Stone Sand (CSS) was used in the experimental studies. The sand grains have angular shapes and sizes changing from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. Two different types of waste tires were used in the experiments; (i) tire crumb (TC), and (ii) tire buffing (TB). The TC grains have an angular shape and size between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm, whereas TB grains used were found to be fiber-shaped, with dimensions changing from 1 mm to 9 mm, and an aspect ratio of about 1:5. The tests were carried out under 100 kPa vertical effective stress on the sand with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% waste tire contents. The testing results were found to be highly dependent on both the type and amount of waste tires in the mixtures. Furthermore, the behavior of the mixtures was estimated by the Bayesian Regularization Neural Network (BRNN) prediction model, for further use by researchers. The performance of the proposed BRNN model was found to provide a quite high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.96).

Performance evaluation of fiber-reinforced concrete produced with steel fibers extracted from waste tire

With the increasing number of vehicles in the world, the amount of waste tires is increasing day by day. In this case, the disposal of expired tires will cause serious environmental problems. In recent years, instead of disposing of tire wastes, most of them have been started to be recycled to produce fiber-reinforced concrete. Thus, steel fibers recovered from waste tires have been preferred as an alternative to industrial steel fibers due to their environmentally friendly and low-cost advantages. In this study, an experimental study was carried out to explore the effect of fiber content on the fresh and hardened state of the concrete. To achieve this goal, compression, splitting tensile, and flexure tests were carried out to observe the performance of the concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers with the ratios of 1%, 2% and 3%. There is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete with the increase of the volume fraction of the steel fiber. However, a significant reduction in workability was observed after the addition of 2% steel fibers. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize 2% tire-recycled steel fibers in practical applications. Furthermore, experimental results of concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers were collected from the literature and empirical equations based on these results were developed in order to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths.

Environmental and Cost Effects of Stabilized Laterite-Tyre Composite in Buildings

The increasing amount of waste tyres worldwide made its disposal a significant problem. Because of this, the availability of a market for the tyres became imperative. Incidentally, this market was found in the housing sector where recycled waste tyres were used as stabilized laterite composite for alternative building material. This study evaluated the environmental effects of the recycled waste tyres as a composite of stabilized laterite for buildings. It also evaluated the cost effects of the stabilized laterite composite. The study concludes that the stabilized laterite composite is a cost-effective alternative building material and that it reduces the level of greenhouse gasses. Other relevant issues were also discussed.

Pyrolysis of waste tire rubber: a comparative kinetic study using different models

ABSTRACT With increase in number of vehicles worldwide the amount of waste tires is also increasing. These waste tires are either discarded to a dump site or burnt in open air. In both the cases they contaminate the soil, water and air. Due to its high heating value waste tire is a good source of energy if used under controlled conditions. In this connection pyrolysis has emerged as the ultimate solution for judicious use of waste tire. However, before going through the pyrolysis process on industrial scale, understanding the kinetics of pyrolysis reaction on laboratory scale is mandatory. Therefore, in this work our focus is on the kinetics of pyrolysis of waste tire using various kinetic models. Activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) were determined and observed to increase with fraction conversion which shows a multistep reaction. The E and A values calculated at different conversions were found in the range of 100.73–216.99 kJmol−1 and 2.5 × 109–9.0 × 1013 min−1 respectively. Based on kinetics parameters, a comparison among the different models was made. Any small variation in kinetics parameters was attributed to the selection of model chosen and the method adopted for investigation of kinetic results. The kinetic modeling will provide insights into pyrolysis reaction and the kinetic parameters determined will assist in pyrolysis of waste tire for its use as energy source on industrial scale.

Application of woven waste tires gabion wall as slope reinforcement for preventing landslide in laboratory

This study presents the application of woven waste tires as slope reinforcement for preventing slope failure, reducing construction costs and minimizing environmental hazards associated with the increasingly large amount of waste tires in Indonesia. To this end, we performed laboratory experiments using five stripe distance variations of woven tires - i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 cm as ribs of a gabion wall. Five gabion wall samples sized 50 cm x 50 cm x 25 cm each were made. Each sample was fastened using one of these woven tires. A loading test was conducted on each gabion wall sample and the strength was determined from the maximum capacity before failure. The correlation between the gabion wall strength and strip distance - boulder diameter ratio was used to infer the most effective model. The result suggests that the strip distance - boulder diameter ratio of 0.4 is optimum with a corresponding strength value of 1718 kg.

Thermal Study of the Selective Tread Disassembling Procedure of Different Waste Tires

The annual amount of waste tires is enormous and permanently on the increase. Since their structure resists both physical and chemical degradation, their appropriate processing is an environmentally important subject and it is still a current research topic despite of the already existing technologies e.g. pyrolysis, thermal utilization. In our work, a novel selective physical separation technology of waste tires is developed, presented and investigated. The technology is based on our new disassembling machine that enables the selective separation of the tread material of any kind of tires apart from their other constituting materials. The separation is an automated cutting process and its thermal profile is examined with a thermal imaging camera to determine if the cutting process can be associated with any kind of thermal degradation of the tread material. It is also an aim to detect if a special construction material of high thermal resistance would be needed for the cutting device. The experimental results are analyzed with the help of special software and it is found that the temperature values of the tire and the disassembling device can be classified into four different thermal zones. It is also determined that our novel device can be applied for tire machining; no thermal degradation occurs during the process, and there is no need for special construction material for the novel cutting device.

Influence of Prestressed Force in the Waste Tire Reinforced Concrete

Amount of waste tires in Indonesia is about 50 million pieces per year in which serious treatments are necessary in the future. This is because their utilizations are still limited and requires further studies to increase their feasible added value. With this regards, this work is aimed to investigate possibilities on using of waste tires as reinforcement material for concrete by experimental and finite element simulation. With concrete as matrix, both of them are implemented in non-prestressed and prestressed waste tire reinforced concrete in standard flexural testing procedures. Two concrete beam specimens with reinforcement and one specimen without reinforcement are used to investigate the flexural capacity. Dimension of the all specimens are 150mm x 150mm x 1000mm. In the prestressed specimens, the waste tire reinforced are tensioned with 0% and 17% of their strain before casting of concrete. After the concrete are hardened, they are then jacked at the end of concrete beam using anchorage clamping. The flexural strength tests are carried out by using three point loading scenario for the beam after 28 days concrete ages. The result shows that prestressed force of waste tires as reinforcement contribute significantly on the flexural strength of the concrete beam over the non-waste tires reinforcement as well as non-prestressed one. Finally, finite element analysis simulating the test is also introduced here to give an initial study on how to model behavior of this type of concrete composite in global responses.

A Technical and Economical Assessment of Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Waste Tyre Rubber In Construction

A Technical and Economical Assessment of Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Waste Tyre Rubber In Construction

Optimization of Processing Factors for Particleboard Manufacturing Using Waste Tire Rubber Crumbs and Wood Particle

This research aims at studying the parameters of particleboard manufacturing using waste tire rubber crumbs and wood particle, mechanical and physical properties of the composite panel according to standard JIS. A5908-2003: Particle Board. Analysis of Covariance with the cofactor (Covariance) of a piece of wood density at different levels of statistical significance (α = .05) and determine the appropriate level of mechanical and physical properties. The total amount of waste tires was composed of 5% urea-formaldehyde 13% in compression at 5 minutes, and the density of the material less than 868.88 kg/m3. Improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of a piece of particle board was to conform to the international standards.

Research on the Microstructure and Property of an Anion Rubber Modified Asphalt

The anion rubber modified asphalt (ARMA) mixture was first successfully developed with a unique process. In the development process, rubber and asphalt were mixed in the same proportion. Furthermore, the microstructure and modification mechanism of the material were characterized by SEM, FT‐IR, TG, and XRD tests. The mechanical property of the mixture was also tested in accordance with the relevant standards. In the end, the material’s capacity of releasing anion was measured by DLY‐6A232 atmospheric ion gauge. The results indicated that the addition of anion additive into the rubber modified asphalt (RMA) was a mere physical mixture, and the anion additives and rubber particles uniformly dispersed in the ARMA. The addition of anion additive could improve the thermal stability of the RMA. Compared with the traditional asphalt pavement material, the ARMA material shows excellent mechanical properties as well as the ability of releasing anion. Moreover, the material has enormous economic and social benefits by taking full advantage of a large amount of waste tires, thus improving the road surrounding environment.