Amount Of Waste Cooking Oil Research Articles

“NGOBROL JELANTAH” KOMUNIKASI LINGKUNGAN PENDEKATAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA OLEH BANK JELANTAH SEKAR SEJAGAD 88 SEMARANG

The amount of waste cooking oil in Indonesia is large due to dominance of food processing by frying has given rise to new environmental issues. Non-B3 waste originating from these households can be negative for both health and the environment. This is because used cooking oil cannot be disposed of directly in water or land withour processing, and also cannot be combined with other piles of waste. However, not many people understand the proper way to dispose and process waste cooking oil. Bank Jelantah Sekar Sejagad 88 practices environmental communication to convey the message of how to process waste cooking oil is converted into economic value. This research uses qualitative methods with interviews with managers and members of Bank Jelantah Sekar Sejagad 88. The delivery of environmental communication messages with socio-cultural approach, based on character of the target community, namely women who are married. Based on research, there are two main socio-cultural charactistics of the audience, namely togetherness and socialicing which in togethernees is the means of disseminating daily information. The second character is that trust is built through valid information with the support of the local government. Based on these characteristic, there are strategies for delivering messages namely “Ngobrol Jelantah”, Gethok Tular, dan top-down concept. With this message delivery strategy, it can increase awareness of targets as shown by the increase in the number of members of Bank Jelantah Sekar Sejagad 88. Based on discussion, it appears that including targets through community empowerment is the right step in building mutual understanding in delivering environmental communication message.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring dari Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Upaya Pemanfaatan Limbah UMKM Tahu Walik Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

Cooking oil is oil derived from purified plant or animal fats—liquid forms at room temperature and usually frying food. Cooking oil is produced from palm oil on a large scale; the filtering process is carried out twice. This causes the content of unsaturated fatty acids and makes the cooking oil quickly damaged in the frying process because, in the frying process, the oil will be heated continuously at a high temperature. The oil will be directly mixed with the outside air during the frying process, resulting in an oxidation reaction. This is what is known as cooking oil, which is cooking oil that has been used for frying. Due to the large amount of waste cooking oil produced, it is necessary to recycle used cooking oil, one of which is soap's essential ingredient. We students of Unisnu KKN class XI group 76 will conduct training on soap making with used cooking oil as the base material produced by Tahu Walik Bu Ida's partner, which will be carried out at the partner's house RT 08/ RW 03 Ujung Batu, Jepara. By utilizing waste cooking oil processed into soap, it is hoped that partners will be aware that used cooking oil can be utilized.

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Using Heterogeneous Catalyst (CaO) Based on Duck Eggshell with Transesterification Reaction

Biodiesel is produced from esterification and transesterification reactions of various vegetable oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, seed oil, soybean oil, etc. Waste cooking oil has the potential as a raw material for making biodiesel due to its abundant availability. The use of the CaO catalyst from duck eggshells can increase biodiesel quality. This study aimed to obtain the best catalyst with a high yield in biodiesel production using the transesterification method. The initial stage begins with activating the impregnated duck eggshell catalyst with various concentrations of KOH in distilled water (10 g KOH/100 mL, 15 g KOH/100 mL, 20 g KOH/100 mL, and 25 g KOH/100 mL). Followed by biodiesel synthesis steps using temperature variations in transesterification (45˚C, 55˚C, and 65˚C) in reaction times of 1, 2 and 3 hours using 2% catalyst concentration to the amount of waste cooking oil and a molar ratio of methanol: oil (7:1). The experimental results showed that transesterification of waste cooking oil could be improved with the presence of a CaO heterogeneous catalyst. The values of density, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), viscosity, and the acid number obtained was adjusted to the parameters using SNI:7182:2015. Only the total ester parameter (96.02%) and the cetane number (40.4) did not meet the requirements. Keywords: biodiesel, duck eggshell, waste cooking oil

Waste cooking oil: New efficient carbon source for natamycin production by Streptomyces gilvosporeus Z8

A large amount of waste cooking oil puts pressure on environmental protection efforts. This study proposes a new disposal approach, that is to reuse it as the carbon source for natamycin production. Unsaturated fatty acids showed cell cytotoxicity while saturated fatty acids improved natamycin biosynthesis. Therefore, after unsaturated fatty acid removal through hydrogenation, 40 g L−1 microparticles of waste frying oil hydrolysates yielded the maximum natamycin titer (2.1 g L−1) with the promotion of cell respiration, energy provision and precursor supply. Similar improvements in natamycin production (2.2- fold higher) were also observed in 5-L and 50-L scale cultivations. Repeated fed-batch culture with immobilized cells further increased natamycin batch production (2.9- fold higher) and reduced the culture time by 21.1%. Finally, this strategy led to 500.0% natamycin yield improvement and 64.1% material cost reduction, which is of enormous significance for industrial natamycin production and environmental protection.

Preparation and application of sustainable nanofluid lubricant from waste soybean oil and waste serpentine for green intermittent machining process

A great amount of waste cooking oil (WCO) and waste serpentine arise in daily life or industrial production. Serpentine is a type of hydrated magnesiumsilicate often employed as flux material for steel industry. Recycling of WCO and waste serpentine is of great significance to the solution of environmental issues and the promotion of economy. On the other hand, machining process has great impacts on global economy. Large amounts of mineral oil-based lubricant are consumed by the machining process, causing many health and environmental problems. Thus, this work studied preparation and application of sustainable nanofluid lubricant from waste soybean oil (WSO) and waste serpentine for green intermittent machining process. WSO hydrolysis and free fatty acids esterification were used to acquire modified WSO (MWSO). Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and MWSO constituted the base oil. The base oil was adjusted by changing the volume ratio VR of ESO to MWSO. Serpentine nanoparticles were obtained by mechanically reducing the size of waste serpentine particles. The volume fraction Vp of nanoparticles in the lubricant was set to have different values. Bioinspired hexagonal recessed microstructure was fabricated on tool surface for performance enhancement of the lubricant. The results revealed that the parameter combination of VR = 50% and Vp = 2.1% resulted in the optimum friction performance and cutting performance at relatively low cost. This work offered a new solution to the sustainable nanofluid lubricant used in green intermittent machining process. Moreover, the proposed solution provided new economic opportunity.

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil by Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to petroleum diesel because it is renewable sources and considered to be smart waste management solution for used cooking oil since plenty amount of waste cooking oil is being produced from households and restaurants. Irresponsible practice to get rid of this waste is by pouring it down the sink or drain. However this practice causes damage mainly to the ecosystem (water pollution). In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from waste cooking oil by alkali catalyzed transesterification method. Alkali transesterification is a reaction between oil and alcohol in presence of alkali catalyst. Methanol and sodium hydroxide were used in this transesterification. Treated oil and sodium methoxide mix at constant temperature for certain period to yield methyl ester and glycerin. Characterization was carried out by using thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and normal analytical methods mainly for density and viscosity. This study shows that biodiesel was successfully synthesized from waste cooking oil and characterization of the synthesize biodiesel was almost similar to the conventional diesel. From this, it can be concluded that pollution caused by disposal of waste cooking oil can be turned into value-added product.

How government policies can make waste cooking oil-to-biodiesel supply chains more efficient and sustainable

In China, more than 14 million tons of edible oils are consumed each year, which could result in a staggering amount of waste cooking oil that needs to be discharged. Converting the waste cooking oil to biodiesel can reduce environmental emissions and achieve economic value. As the recycling supply chain is not matured, the Chinese government is trialing various policies to improve the management of waste cooking oil. However, evidence shows that current policies have shortcomings, which reduce the efficiency and sustainability of the supply chain, recycling and biorefineries capacities. It is not trivial to quantify the impacts of policies and only limited amount of research has reported the supply and value chain of waste cooking oil to be used as biodiesel. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes an optimization-based model to quantify the likely impacts from policy interventions, i.e. integrating and opening the third party take-back supply chains, motivation policies, subsidy policies and demand adjustments due to policy changes. A case study, which includes 63 stakeholders in Shandong Province, China, is selected to demonstrate the impacts such changes can have. The new research method and computational results of the economic and environmental assessments show that the integration of stakeholders and markets increase efficiency and sustainability. Whilst the opening markets option does make fairer profit allocations across the stakeholders, but does not increase efficencies to the same level. In addition, and to the best of authors’ knowledge for the first time, it is shown that unfair profit allocations will decrease the amount of recycled materials. This research has wider applications to policy developments and governmental interventions that aim to promote cleaner production of goods and services. For example, the optimization model can be applied to other circumstances such as electricity supplies, raw material extraction or the recycling of other materials like construction and demolition wastes or plastics.

Aromatics production from fast co-pyrolysis of lignin and waste cooking oil catalyzed by HZSM-5 zeolite

Lignin and waste cooking oil are wastes from paper and food industries, respectively. In this work, the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of lignin and waste cooking oil for the production of aromatics in a pyroprobe was investigated with an aim to improve the utilization of lignin waste and waste cooking oil. Furthermore, lignin-derived monomers, including phenol, o-cresol, and guaiacol, were also used as model feedstock for the catalytic co-pyrolysis in order to study the mechanism underlying aromatic formation. The mechanistic study helped lay theoretical foundation for the industrial application of the co-pyrolysis process. The effects of catalyst and waste cooking oil addition on co-pyrolysis product fractional yield and selectivity were studied. High amount of waste cooking oil in the feedstock with appropriate catalyst-to-feedstock ratio (3:1) contributed to high peak-area yields of the total detected compounds and aromatics. The alkylation and demethoxylation of phenols were enhanced at high ratios of catalyst to feedstock and waste cooking oil to lignin. When the ratio of waste cooking oil to lignin was 1:1, the highest mono-aromatic selectivity (82.6%) and synergistic extent (52.1%) for mono-aromatic production were obtained. The catalytic co-pyrolysis of the lignin-derived monomers and waste cooking oil showed that guaiacol was the most active compound to be converted to aromatics, followed by o-cresol, and phenol. The reaction mechanism underlying the formation of aromatics from the synergistic conversion of aliphatics and phenolics was elaborated.

The Effect of H-USY Catalyst in Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biofuel

The crisis in petroleum is caused by the diminishing supply of petroleum resources from nature. This phenomenon encourages researchers to continue to look for processes and methods to produce energy from other resources. One of these ways is to produce energy that can be utilized from waste, including converting waste cooking oil into biofuel. This method not only could provide a source of renewable energy, but also help resolve the issue of household waste. The process used to produce biofuel from waste cooking oil is by catalytic cracking, where waste cooking oil after pretreatment is converted into biofuel in the flow reactor with H-USY catalyst. In this research, the reaction temperatures used are 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C and 550 °C and reaction times are 30, 45 and 60 minutes with the mass ratio of the amount of waste cooking oil to the amount of catalyst used is 40:1 (w/w). The highest yield of liquid biofuel product was obtained at 60.98%. The use of H-USY catalyst shows that the distribution of components contained in biofuel are 28.02% of diesel products (C 17 -C 20 ), 23.96% of gasoline (C 6 –C 12 ) and 7.78% of Heavy oil (C 20 >) in catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil with a reaction time of 45 minutes at a temperature of 450 °C.

Characteristics of masonry block that utilizes reclaimed asphalt pavement and waste cooking oil as the binder

The availability of natural aggregate is getting limited, therefore it is required new alternative materials to substitute natural aggregates. Within this experiment reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used as masonry block with waste cooking oil as the binder. The objective of this experiment was to analyze the RAP asphalt content and aggregate gradation; and the samples characteristics particularly the compressive strength of masonry block minimum of 25 kg/cm2 that meet the Indonesian national standard SNI-03-0348-1989. The asphalt content of the RAP was initially extracted and tested for its aggregate gradation and specific gravity. The RAP was added 20% sand and a certain amount of waste cooking oil and evenly mixed. After that the mixture was compacted in a mould with a Marshall hummer, with compaction cycles for 15, 25, and 35 times where each cycle consists of 3 even blows. The size of the compacted samples were 20x10x8cm. After the samples were taken out from the mould, they were heated in an oven for 12 and 24 hours at 160°C and 200°C. It was found that the minimum waste cooking oil content required 4%. The best compressive strength was found on samples compacted at 15 compaction cycles and heated at 200°C for 24 hours. The un-soaked compressive strength was 80.5 kg/cm2 and 68.67 kg/cm2 for the soaked samples. In general the compressive strength well met the minimum 25 kg/cm2. Other best characteristics was found on samples heated at 160°C for 12 hours, with lowest water absorption of 5.64% and porosity of 4.53%. The Initial Rate of Suction (IRS) was 0,25~0,45 kg/m2.minute.

Sustainable supply chain design for waste cooking oil-based biodiesel in bogor using dynamic system approach

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly. Besides palm oil, biodiesel can also be produced from waste cooking oil. Since 2007, the government of Bogor has been utilizing waste cooking oil into biodiesel for use as Transpakuan bus’ fuel. However, in practice, the amount of waste cooking oil supplied is never sufficient the needs of fuel of 30 units Transpakuan bus. The main objective of this research is to analyze the availability of waste cooking oil that will be converted into biodiesel within the next ten years as well as providing policy advice to support the program. The method used is a dynamic system that is followed by simulation of multiple scenarios that have been defined. The system is divided into three subsystems, namely supply subsystem, demand subsystem, and production subsystem. The results showed that the current system is not able to guarantee the sustainability of the supply chain of waste cooking oil as a raw material of biodiesel. From some of the scenarios tested can be concluded that biodiesel needs would increase in line with the trend of the use of environmentally friendly fuels. It takes a new system and a new policy relating to the biodiesel supply chain. Policy suggestions that can be proposed from this research is to increase supplier participation, objectify the program of converting angkot into Transpakuan bus, and support the development of biodiesel industry.

The reuse of waste cooking oil and spent bleaching earth to produce biodiesel

ABSTRACTCurrently, semi-refined and refined vegetable oils are used as a feedstock in biodiesel production. However, criteria such as competition with conventional fossil fuel, economic reasons, shortage supply of food and its social impact on the global scale have somewhat slowed the development of the biodiesel industry. Spent bleaching earth is currently under-utilized by deposition in landfills with no attempt to recover the oil. In this study the waste oil adsorbed on spent bleaching earth, refined soybean oil, and waste cooking oil were evaluated as potential sources of biodiesel production in Iran. Different characteristics of the oil samples, such as fatty acid composition, peroxide, iodine, acid values, etc., were evaluated. A two-step esterification reaction using methanol was conducted to produce biofuel. Subsequently, physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel were analyzed. The oil content in spent bleaching earth was 19.3%, which was lowered to 3.7% using hexane as the solvent. Gas chromatography showed that palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were predominantly fatty acids, respectively, and the highest content of saturated acids belonged to waste cooking oil (24%). The acidity of 8.3% was obtained for the oil recovered from spent bleaching earth followed by waste cooking oil (3.6%) and refined soybean oil (0.1%). Totally, the specifications of all biodiesel produced were in the range defined by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Since about 2000–3000 tones of spent bleaching earth residual oil is annually dumped and the amount of waste cooking oil produced yearly is 500,000 tones, there is a great potential for Iran to produce biodiesel from waste oils.

High temperature properties of rejuvenating recovered binder with rejuvenator, waste cooking and cotton seed oils

Rejuvenator, waste cooking and cotton seed oils contain a great amount of unsaturated fatty acids, similar to the light oil component of asphalt binder which usually decreased due to a long term aging procedure. Based on the rejuvenation theory and some related studies, rejuvenator, waste cooking and cotton seed oils can be used for asphalt regeneration. The objective of this study was to investigate the high temperature rheological properties of rejuvenating aged asphalt binder with rejuvenator, waste cooking and cotton seed oils. The materials used for this study included three sources of aged asphalt (recovered from reclaimed asphalt pavement), one virgin asphalt (PG 64-22), and three rejuvenating materials: rejuvenator, waste cooking and cotton seed oils with three percentages (0%, 5%, and 10% of rejuvenating asphalt). The used mass ratio of aged to virgin asphalt is 1:3 (i.e. 25% aged binder) in this study. The high temperature characteristics of these rejuvenated asphalts were tested including rutting resistance factor (phase angle and complex modulus), failure temperature and rotational viscosity. The results indicated that the rutting resistance factor and the complex modulus of rejuvenated binders decreased due to the addition of rejuvenator, cotton seed oil or waste cooking oil while their phase angles increased. In addition, the aged asphalt used a small amount of waste cooking oil or cotton seed oil can more easily achieve the demand of PG 64 binder in rutting resistance factor, phase angle, complex modulus and failure temperature of aged asphalt compared with rejuvenator. Finally, waste cooking oil or cotton seed oil can slightly reduce the viscosity value of the aged asphalt and thus decrease the mixing and compaction temperatures of the mixture.

Households’ Awareness, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Waste Cooking Oil Recycling in Petaling, Malaysia

Cooking oil as an additive and medium of heat transfer plays a significant role in food preparation. Its attributes of providing food with good taste, colour and aroma gave it general acceptance among consumers. In recent years, huge amount of waste cooking oil (WCO) is generated and discharged in to the environment in various countries of the world. This study examined empirically the households’ awareness, attitudes and practices towards WCO recycling in Petaling District of Selangor State, Malaysia. Information on households’ awareness, attitudes and practices regarding WCO reuse, recycling and disposal will give a hint on how to improve WCO management in order to reduce its associated environmental problems. The study was conducted based on 352 households, who were randomly interviewed face-to-face using structured questionnaires from February to June, 2013. The results indicated that the average WCO generated per household is 2.34 kg/month, and even though the households’ awareness on the significance of WCO recycling were generally positive, only small portion of them are engaged into it. However the result of the logit regression revealed that awareness and attitude were the significant factors that influence households engagement into WCO recycling, there is need for intensifying efforts in creating more awareness on proper management of WCO. The researchers finally suggested ways on how to encourage WCO management among households in Petaling.