Amount Of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Research Articles

Efficient passive sampler using copper oxide micro-adsorbent for the detection of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) from the small lab-scale spilled crude oil

A laboratory-made passive sampler based on CuO microparticles was developed as a simple and cost-effective device for detecting volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). A small vial filled with CuO microparticles used as a passive sampler. In a closed system, and after exposed to the real sample (crude oil in Petri dish), the adsorbent was desorbed. The VSCs were detected in gas chromatograph (GC) with PFPD detector. The experimental results showed that CuO based passive sampler can detect many numbers of VSCs. The results from CuO micro-adsorbents were compared with commercial charcoal adsorbent in the same passive sampler setup. CuO based passive sample showed much better than charcoal in which the amount of VSCs adsorbed by CuO are nearly double value from charcoal adsorption. Furthermore, 2-Methylthiophene, 2-propanethiol and allyl methyl sulfide were adsorbed remarkably by CuO microparticles.

Novel Isolation and Identification Methods for <i>Veillonella</i> Species Involved in Halitosis

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to develop a novel selective medium (OVSM) and useful identification method for oral Veillonella species, to assess the prevalence of this species using the selective medium, and to investigate whether the monitoring of oral Veillonella species levels is useful as a clinical indicator for the diagnosis of halitosis. Methods: To examine bacterial populations in the oral cavity, a novel selective medium (OVSM) and multiplex PCR method were developed for isolating and identifying oral Veillonella species. OVSM consists of tryptic soy agar, sheep blood, sodium lactate, vancomycin, and oxacillin. Results: Oral Veillonella species grew well on OVSM. Oral Veillonella species accounted for 5.4% and 27.2%, respectively, of all bacteria in the tongue biofilm samples of healthy and halitosis subjects. Oral Veillonella species produced larger amounts of volatile sulfur compounds than other representative oral bacteria. Conclusion: These results indicate that monitoring the levels of these organisms is useful as a clinical indicator for the diagnosis of halitosis.

Experimental study on volatile sulfur compound inhibition using a single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell

Odor emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants have attracted much attention due to the potential negative effects on human health. A single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell was proposed for the removal of sulfides in a sewer system. The feasibility of the use of volatile sulfur compounds and their removal efficiency in liquid and headspace gas phases were investigated using synthetic wastewater with real sewer sediment and Ru/Ir-coated titanium electrodes. The results indicate that hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds were effectively inhibited in the liquid phase upon electrochemical treatment at current densities of 1.55, 2.06, and 2.58mA/cm2, and their removal rates reached up to 86.2-100%, except for dimethyl trisulfide, the amount of which increased greatly at 1.55mA/cm2. In addition, the amount of volatile sulfur compounds in the headspace decreased greatly; however, the total theoretical odor concentration was still high, and methanethiol and ethanethiol greatly contributed to the total strength of the odor concentration due to their low odor threshold concentrations. The major pathway for sulfide removal in the single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell is biotic oxidation, the removal rate of which was 0.4-0.5mg/min, 4-5 times that of indirect electrochemical oxidation.

Effect of Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 and sulphur addition on odour emission during aerobic composting

The effects of sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 on odour emissions during composting were studied. Results indicated that the sulphur addition reduced the pH and decreased cumulative emission of ammonia and the nitrogen loss by 47.80% and 44.23%, respectively, but the amount of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) and the sulphur loss increased. The addition of T. thioparus 1904 effectively reduced the cumulative emissions of H2S, methyl sulphide, methanethiol, dimethyl disulphide and the sulphur loss by 33.24%, 81.24%, 32.70%, 54.22% and 54.24%, respectively. T. thioparus 1904 also limited the nitrogen loss. The combined application of sulphur and T. thioparus 1904 resulted in the greatest amount of nitrogen retention. The accumulation of ammonia emissions was reduced by 63.33%, and the nitrogen loss was reduced by 71.93%. The combined treatment did not increase the emission of VSCs. The application of sulphur and T. thioparus 1904 may help to control the odour of compost.

Incidence des conditions de conservation des vins blancs sur leur teneur en composés soufrés volatils

Dans ce travail, nous avons etudie l’incidence de quelques parametres de conservation des vins issus des cepages blancs grecs, Batiki et Rhoditis, sur leur teneur en composes soufres volatils. Il est demontre que le stade du sulfitage des vins nouveaux joue un role important sur la formation de ces substances, ainsi que l’aeration qui entraine leur diminution. De plus, la conservation des vins en barrique ou en cuve, avec les lies ou non, influence d’une maniere differente la teneur des vins en substances soufrees volatiles. Influence of white wine conservation conditions on the levels of volatile sulphur compounds In the present study, the effects of various parameters of white wine conservation on the level of volatile sulphur compounds were examined. Wines from the Greek white cvs Batiki and Rhoditis were fermented. H2S was analysed colorimetrically, the more volatile sulphur compounds by headspace-gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame photometry detection (FPD) and the less volatile sulphur compounds by liquid extraction-GC/MS. The best time to sulphurize a young wine is 5-6 d after the end of alcoholic fermentation in order to avoid the accumulation of sulphur substances, especially in wines intended to age on lees, Aeration of wine causes a notable decrease of the more volatile sulphur compounds, whereas the diminution is less important for the less volatile sulphur compounds. Furthermore, the amount of volatile sulphur compounds is affected by the conservation of wines in barriques or in stainless tanks, the duration of contact of wine with its lees, as well as the duration of conservation.

The differential expression of mgl mRNA by Porphyromonas gingivalis affects the production of methyl mercaptan.

A large number of individuals have halitosis. The total amount of volatile sulfur compounds, which are the main cause of halitosis, has been correlated with periodontitis following bacterial infection. In this study, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a major periodontopathogenic bacterium, was isolated from patients with halitosis by the amplification of 16S rRNA, and the ability of isolated Pg to produce methyl mercaptan (CH3 SH) was determined to clarify the relationship between halitosis and Pg infection. CH3 SH concentrations were measured in patients using Oral Chroma. The production of CH3 SH by Pg standard and clinical strains was also measured invitro. Real-time PCR was performed to compare the expression of mgl mRNA (which encoded l-methionine-a-deamino-g-mercaptomethane-lyase) among the Pg strains. The production of CH3 SH and the expression of mgl mRNA were also determined to assess the effects of oriental medicine. The production of CH3 SH and the expression of mgl mRNA strongly correlated with each other in the presence of l-methionine. The expression of mgl mRNA by Pg W83 was strongly inhibited by magnoliaceae. The production of CH3 SH was correlated with the expression of mgl. Furthermore, the oriental medicine, magnoliaceae, may represent a potential treatment for halitosis.

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds emission profiles from hot road bitumens

A procedure for the investigation and comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission profiles to the atmosphere from road bitumens with various degrees of oxidation is proposed. The procedure makes use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with universal as well as selective detection, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The studies revealed that so-called vacuum residue, which is the main component of the charge, contains variable VOC concentrations, from trace to relatively high ones, depending on the extent of thermal cracking in the boiler of the vacuum distillation column. The VOC content in the oxidation product, so-called oxidized paving bitumen, is similarly varied. There are major differences in VOC emission profiles between vacuum residue and oxidized bitumens undergoing thermal cracking. The VOC content in oxidized bitumens, which did not undergo thermal cracking, increases with the degree of oxidation of bitumens. The studies revealed that the total VOC content increases from about 120ppm for the raw vacuum residue to about 1900ppm for so-called bitumen 35/50. The amount of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the volatile fraction of fumes of oxidized bitumens increases with the degree of oxidation of bitumen and constitutes from 0.34% to 3.66% (w/w). The contribution of volatile nitrogen compounds (VNCs) to total VOC content remains constant for the investigated types of bitumens (from 0.16 to 0.28% (w/w) of total VOCs). The results of these studies can also find use during the selection of appropriate bitumen additives to minimize their malodorousness. The obtained data append the existing knowledge on VOC emission from oxidized bitumens. They should be included in reports on the environmental impact of facilities in which hot bitumen binders are used.

Salivary β-galactosidase activity affects physiological oral malodour

ObjectivesPrevious reports have associated salivary β-galactosidase activity with non-periodontopathic oral malodour. In this study, we investigated the localization of β-galactosidase and elucidated the relationship between its enzymatic activity and physiological oral malodour. Study designFifty-six patients complaining of halitosis were separated into two groups: periodontally healthy and periodontitis. Saliva samples from the subjects were separated by centrifugation, and the level of β-galactosidase activity was measured in the supernatant, pellet lysate, and whole saliva using the chromogenic substrate o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. The correlation of salivary β-galactosidase activity with breath odour and associated parameters was examined. ResultsSimilar levels of β-galactosidase activity were detected in the pellet lysate and whole saliva, but not in the saliva supernatant. Positive correlations were observed between the β-galactosidase activity in whole saliva and oral malodour levels in the periodontally healthy group, but not in the periodontitis group. In addition, the plaque index and tongue coating score were positively correlated with β-galactosidase activity in the periodontally healthy group. Overall, stimulated salivary flow and salivary pH were negatively correlated with enzyme activity. The amounts of total bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus salivarius were positively associated with β-galactosidase activity in the periodontally healthy group. Furthermore, the amounts of total bacteria and S. salivarius were positively associated with the amount of volatile sulphur compounds. ConclusionsOur results indicate that β-galactosidase is located on the cell surface of oral bacteria derived from dental plaque and tongue coating, and it plays an important role in producing the malodour underlying physiological oral malodour.

金銀パラジウム合金の変色に関する臨床的研究 口腔微生物叢，口腔内揮発性硫化物

This study was conducted to investigate the principal factors involved in the discoloration of 12 Wt% Au-Ag-Pt alloy. Luminance of cast clasps, oral conditions, the presence cariogenic microbes such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in saliva, Candida on the tongue and the amount of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC: H2S and CH3SH) produced by the tongue coating were evaluated in 70 subjects (VSC: 45 subjects). The surfaces of cast clasps were observed using an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer and changes in the surface were evaluated in relation to the degree of discoloration.The results were as follows:1. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the production of CH3SH and VSC (CH3SH+H2S) and luminance.2. Examinations of the cross section of markedly discolored casts revealed a very rough surface. A distinct peak of S was also indicated by linear analysis.The results demonstrated that among the many different factors such as oral conditions and oral flora, the production of CH3SH was the most significantly related to the discoloration of 12 Wt% Au-Ag-Pt alloy. The potential for discoloration tended to be higher in subjects who had a high production of CH3SH.

Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan in periodontal pockets.

A sensitive gas chromatographic method was developed to determine the amounts of volatile sulfur compounds in gingival fluid. Hydrogen sulfide was the predominant volatile sulfur compound and was detected in 61 out of 79 studied periodontal pockets. Methyl mercaptan was found in about 20% of the pockets. No other volatile sulfur compounds were detected. The highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide in gingival fluid was 1.9 mmol/liter, and of methyl mercaptan 0.16 mmol/liter.

Biochemical and clinical factors influencing oral malodor in periodontal patients.

The amounts of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and methyl mercaptan/hydrogen sulfide ratio in mouth air from patients with periodontal involvement were 8 times greater than those of control subjects. Our studies demonstrated that, in patients with periodontal disease: 1) the concentration of disulfide, which is converted to VSC, increased in proportion to the total pocket depth; 2) 60% of the VSC was produced from the tongue surface; 3) the amount of tongue coating was 4 times greater than in control subjects; and 4) VSC production and the methyl mercaptan/hydrogen sulfide ratio of the tongue coating were increased. 2-Ketobutyrate, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of methionine to methyl mercaptan, was higher in the saliva of patients with periodontal disease. This implies that metabolism of methionine to methyl mercaptan increases in the oral cavity of patients with periodontal pockets. Since free L-methionine, rather than protein, is the main source for methyl mercaptan, we estimated the methionine supply from the gingival fluid into the oral cavity of patients with periodontal involvement. The results showed that the ratio of methionine to whole free amino acids was significantly higher than that of cysteine. Our studies suggest that not only microorganisms, but also the tongue coating and gingival fluid are factors which enhance VSC production in patients with periodontal disease.

Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease.

Volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in mouth air were estimated by gas chromatography. The amount of VSC and the methyl mercaptan/hydrogen sulfide ratio were significantly increased in patients with periodontal disease. These two parameters also increased in proportion to the bleeding index and probing depth. A study was also done on the effect of removal of tongue coating on VSC concentrations in mouth air from patients with periodontal involvement. VSC and the methyl mercaptan/hydrogen sulfide ratio were reduced to 49% and 35%, respectively, by removal of the tongue coating. The average amount of tongue coating removed from patients with periodontal disease was significantly higher than from controls (90.1 mg vs. 14.6 mg, p less than 0.01). Estimated production of VSC from tongue coating was 4 times higher than the control value, and the methyl mercaptan/hydrogen sulfide ratio was also markedly increased. However, a saliva putrefaction study suggested that saliva does not contribute to the elevated ratio of methyl mercaptan in mouth air. These results strongly suggest that, in addition to periodontal pockets, tongue coating has an important role in VSC production, in particular leading to an elevated concentration of methyl mercaptan, which is more pathogenic than hydrogen sulfide.

The capacity of subgingival microbiotas to produce volatile sulfur compounds in human serum.

Hydrogen sulfide is formed by the subgingival microbiotas of periodontal pockets. The capacity of these microbiotas to form various volatile sulfur compounds in human serum was studied. Bacterial samples from nine deep periodontal pockets were incubated for 7 days in human serum and the amounts of volatile sulfur compounds and the degradation of serum proteins were determined. Hydrogen sulfide was the predominant volatile sulfur compound, but also methyl mercaptan was formed in significant amounts. Only traces of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were detected. There was an extensive degradation of the serum proteins. In most of the reaction mixtures hydrogen sulfide reached highly toxic levels.

Volatile losses of sulfur from intact plants

Abstract Losses of volatile sulfur (S) compounds were measured from intact plants of 22 species including tropical and temperate crop and pasture species grown under glasshouse conditions. All species released substantial amounts of S during a 22‐hour collection period. The amounts lost ranged from 0.13 μg S g dry weight of shoot‐1 22 hours‐1 in barrel medic to 2.68 μg S g dry weight of shoot‐1 22 hours‐1 in rape. These losses represented 0.005% of the total S in the shoot in barrel medic and 0.92% in rape. There was no obvious division between temperate and tropical species in terms of the amounts of volatile sulfur compounds released, but the evidence suggested that tropical species released a different spectrum of volatile sulfur compounds from temperate species. Thus in tropical grasses and legumes, a higher proportion of the total volatiles was recovered in cold traps, whereas in temperate grasses and legumes, a higher proportion of the total volatiles was recovered in activated carbon traps located after the cold traps. When all 22 species were considered together, the amount of volatile S lost was not correlated with the S concentration in the shoot. Extrapolation of these short term observations in the glasshouse to longer term losses under field conditions suggests that losses of volatile S from fields of alfalfa, Rhodes grass, and wheat may be in the order of hundreds of grams of S ha‐1 year‐1, while losses from fields of cotton may be in the order of thousands of grams of S ha‐1 year‐1.

口臭検知器の開発 第二報 臨床応用評価について

A breath detector was developed and its clinical application was investigated. 20 patients that included self-halitosis patients and periodontally diseased patients with halitosis were the subjects of this investigation. Measuring by breath detector was tried third time and most high score was taken for one's smell revel. The same time mouth air was analyzed by gas chromatograph. The amount of volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air was made a comparison between the two methods. The intensity of halitosis by olfactory panel were divided into four groups, (-) good, (+/-) slight, (+) warn, (++) severe. And we investigated that breath detector's judgement and olfactory panel were in agreement or not. A breath detector was very sensitive for volatile sulphur compounds as well as gas chromatograph. It was therefore concluded that breath detector seemed to be potentially useful in clinical objective evaluation of halitosis and periodontal diagnosis.

Evaluation of volatile sulfur compounds in the expired alveolar gas in patients with liver cirrhosis

Trace amounts of volatile sulfur compounds were determined in the expired alveolar gas by gas chromatography. Among these sulfur containing substances, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide were quantitatively analyzed in 116 subjects; 53 normal, 13 acute hepatitis, 11 chronic hepatitis, 20 hepatic cirrhosis, and 19 stomach ulcer and/or biopsy of gastric mucosa. Fasting level of dimethyl sulfide in cirrhotics was 4.05 ± 1.06 ng/dl, significantly elevated by comparison with normal controls (1.54 ± 0.09 ng/dl) ( P 〈 0.05). In contrast, methyl mercaptan did not show a statistically significant rise in this study. The implications of the significant increase in dimethyl sulfide concentration in liver cirrhosis are discussed.

Production of volatile sulfur compounds during the decomposition of algal mats

Blue-green algal mats incubated anaerobically rapidly produce large amounts of volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide. The major organic sulfur compound is methyl mercaptan, in contrast to previous results with marine eucaryotic algae. Light inhibited production of volatile sulfur compounds, apparently because the algae then produced O2, rendering the system aerobic.