Amount Of Pore-forming Agent Research Articles

Preparation of CNTs / Aluminum Foam Composites

This article uses powder metallurgy to prepare aluminum foam and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / foam aluminum composites. The effects of the surface treatment of carbon nanotubes, the amount of pore-forming agent, and the amount of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure of aluminum foam and its composites were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the mixed acid treatment of CNTs can effectively disperse CNTs and introduce new functional groups on their surfaces. Using NH4HCO3 as a pore-forming agent and using powder metallurgy, a porosity of 41% to 79%, Cellular pure foam aluminum material and CNTs / foam aluminum matrix composite with 60% porosity.

Enhanced alginate-based microsphere with the pore-forming agent for efficient removal of Cu(Ⅱ)

In order to increase the adsorption properties of sodium alginate gel beads, a series of SA@PF-beads (sodium alginate-based beads with different amount of pore-forming agent) were prepared with calcium carbonate as the pore forming agent. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of Cu(Ⅱ) increased by at least two times (from 13.69 mg/g to 33.88 mg/g, treated with SA@PF-0 and SA@PF-2.0, respectively) with proper amount of calcium carbonate added, which is economical and effective. In the experiment, SEM was used to measure the morphology of gel beads with different amount of pore-forming agent. FTIR and XPS were used to analyze the variation of functional groups and bond energies in the adsorption process. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were conducted and showed that the adsorption process was consistent with Langmuir model and Elovich kinetic model. The maximum Langmuir adsorption 229.746 mg/g. The effects of pH, temperature and solid-liquid ratio on adsorption capacity were also investigated. In brief, calcium carbonate is an efficient and convenient pore-forming agent, which can be used to improve the adsorption properties of alginate gel materials.

Synthesis of carbon molecular sieve microspheres via amino phenolic resin as precursor formed from in-situ reaction composite micelles

The carbon molecular sieve microspheres (CMSm) is one kind of porous carbonaceous materials. Owing to its high surface area and stability, CMSm have been attracted immense attention in various fields. In this study, the CMSm with tunable pore structure has been synthesized via self-assembling, in-situ reaction and soft-templating method in aqueous system. Meanwhile, the influence of carbonization temperature, heating rate, surfactant content and the amount of pore-forming agent (1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene) on the morphology and pore properties of CMSm were studied. The result of nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis indicates that the volume of the micropores increases as carbonization temperature increases, and generally decreases as the heating rate increases. The amount of surfactant and pore-forming agent have little influence on the volume of the micropores. It is also found that the CMSm have good hydrogen storage performance.

Preparation of modified ZSM-5 catalyst with high performance for shape-selective alkylation of toluene with methanol

A metal and nonmetal composite-modified catalyst was prepared by immersion method of extrusion molding article of HZSM-5 molecular sieve with different amount of pore-forming agent. XRD and MIP had been used to characterize the structure of synthesized catalyst. The shape-selective alkylation of toluene with methanol catalyzed by the catalysts was investigated in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. The experimental results showed that the modified HZSM-5 catalysts with high amount of pore forming agent had good performances. Under the optimized reaction conditions of temperature 540℃, WHSV 2 h−1, n (methanol): n (toluene)=1:2 and n (toluene+methanol): n (H2O): n (H2)=1:1.3:4, the toluene conversion and the selectivity to p -xylene still were 28%~34% and 92%~96% respectively during the 1200 h online reaction. The performance of the used catalyst almost recovered after in-situ regeneration, and were characterized by means of N2 adsorption, TG-DTG, NH3-TPD, Raman, UV-Vis and NMR.

Design of a timed and controlled release osmotic pump system of atenolol

The objective of the article was to design a novel timed and controlled release osmotic pump (TCOP) containing atenolol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and compare with a bilayer-core osmotic pump (BCOP) of atenolol. Different from BCOP, a modulating barrier was added to delay the drug release and obtain desired lag time (Tlag). The influences of the amount of pore-forming agent and modulating barrier, coating weight gain on the lag time (Tlag) and drug release rate (Rt) of TCOP were investigated. The central composite design-response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the formulation. Rhodamine B was added to modulating barrier to determine the release process of modulating barrier. A method used to correct the release profiles with a certain lag time by ΔTlag and interpolating was applied to compare TCOP with BCOP. Tlag was directly proportional to the amount of modulating barrier and coating weight gain, but inversely related to the amount of pore forming agent, which were contrary to the effects on Rt. The optimal formulation including 60 mg PEO WSR N80, 3 g PEG 4000 and 6% coating weight gain could obtain a 3.59-h Tlag. According to the release of Rhodamine B, the modulating barrier was completely pushed out at ∼5.0 h, longer than 3.59 h, therefore, atenolol along with remaining modulating barrier was released together between 3.59 and 5.0 h. By comparing with BCOP, the release profiles subtracting the part of lag time had no significant difference, yet Rt of TCOP presented a slight decrease.

Spark Plasma Sintered Ni-YSZ/YSZ Bi-Layers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Ni-YSZ/YSZ bi-layers for SOFCs were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Optimization of SPS parameters of YSZ and NiO/YSZ powders was performed in order to fabricate anode and electrolyte with desired microstructures. The effect of sintering conditions on microstructure and electrical properties of YSZ was studied. The influence of processing parameters and amount of pore-forming agent on the microstructures of Ni/YSZ cermets was also investigated. It was shown that the amount of pore-former and in situ reduction of nickel oxide had a substantial effect on microstructure of the cermets. The in situ reduced anode demonstrates sufficiently homogeneous distribution of Ni and YSZ making a conduction path for electrons and ions. Ni-YSZ/YSZ bi-layers with crack-free and well-bonded anode/electrolyte interface were obtained. Furthermore, warping was not observed for the produced bi-layers.

Influence of Sintering Temperature on Performance of Red Mud Lightweight Ceramsite

The red mud lightweight ceramsite was made by using red mud, fly ash and bentonite, mixed with a certain amount of pore-forming agent and cosolvent, through the roasting process. Influence of sintering temperature to red mud ceramsite was studied. The microscopic morphology of red mud lightweight ceramsite damage fracture was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope and the roasting mechanism was investigated preliminarily. The results show that for the best sample, its apparent density is 724kg/m3, its bulk density is 574kg/m3; its cylinder compressive strength is 5.5Mpa, the water absorption is 8.6%.

The Preparation of Red Mud Lightweight Ceramsite

The red mud lightweight ceramsite was made by using red mud, fly ash and bentonite, mixed with a certain amount of pore-forming agent and foam stabilizer, through the roasting process. Influence of pore-forming agent on red mud ceramsite was studied. The microscopic morphology of red mud lightweight ceramsite damage fracture was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope. The results show that with 6% pore-forming agent, the apparent density is 731kg/m3, the bulk density is 547kg/m3; the cylinder compressive strength is 3.3Mpa, the water absorption is 9.7%.