Amounts Of Organochlorine Pesticides Research Articles

Levels of persistent organic pollutants in cane toads (Rhinella marina) differ among sites with varying industrial and agricultural activities

In this study, we captured cane toads (Rhinella marina) in four sites located in different regions affected by anthropogenic activities in Mexico. Subsequently we analyzed liver tissue for the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) The levels of these POPs in the toads’ livers ranged from 863.2 to 3109.6 ng/g of lipid weight across all sites. A multivariate statistical analysis highlighted two sites with the highest POPs levels, with the most polluted site displaying a high level of PCBs, suggesting influence of industrial activities. The second most polluted site displayed significant amounts of OCs, linking this location to agricultural activity. Additionally, we found pesticide metabolites and isomers that allowed us to distinguish past and recent exposure events. Our observations indicate that R. marina is suitable bioindicator of sites impacted by anthropogenic activities.

Consistent Organochlorinated Pesticides (OPC) Residues Contamination in Beans Consumed in Gombe Metropolis Nigeria

Most of the locally consumed beans in our vicinity contain excess chemicals of pesticides residues which are harmful to humans and environmental hazards to ecosystem. Investigation of this study revealed contamination level of organochlorine pesticides residues in dried beans originating from Nigeria with a view to controlling them, it also studies crude fiber of beans showed that B4 has the highest fiber content, 27.85% and the order of decreasing value as B4, B5 , B1, B3 and B2. The least percentage of crude fiber was shown by B2 in all the beans samples analyzed. This study also investigated the pesticides residue components of the organochlorinated pesticides test. The presence of pesticide residues in all 14 types of organochlorine pesticides in beans is lower than a previously reported level. Despite this, the amount of organochlorine pesticides tested is more than the permitted levels of 0.01 to 0.2 mg/kg, indicating that the beans consumed in the Gombe metropolis included pesticide residues beyond the permissible limit.

The Effect of Water and Sewage Treatment on Reducing Residues of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in Szczecin (Poland)

Water is principally intended for direct consumption and for the production of food and beverages. It is also a valuable raw material in the industry. Despite the use of multi-stage treatment processes, the quality of drinking water may still be a concern in some countries due to the presence of toxic pollutants, often challenging to remove through the conventional treatment process. The presence of even trace amounts of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water is dangerous due to their ability to accumulate in the human body and their effects, especially their capacity for endocrine disruption. The present study aimed to assess the effect of water and sewage treatment on the efficiency of reducing residues of selected organochlorine pesticides in drinking water and treated sewage. It was found that the water treatment process reduced concentrations of these compounds by an average of 80% (46–100%) and that the levels of organochlorine pesticides in the drinking water were no higher than 0.55% the maximum residue limit (MRL). The sewage treatment process led to a reduction in organochlorine pesticide concentration of 37–100%, averaging 85%, and the sums of organochlorine pesticide residues in treated sewage ranged between 0.02 and 14.97 ng/L in annual terms.

Recent Strategies for Environmental Remediation of Organochlorine Pesticides

The amount of organochlorine pesticides in soil and water continues to increase; their presence has surpassed maximum acceptable concentrations. Thus, the development of different removal strategies has stimulated a new research drive in environmental remediation. Different techniques such as adsorption, bioremediation, phytoremediation and ozonation have been explored. These techniques aim at either degrading or removal of the organochlorine pesticides from the environment but have different drawbacks. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a relatively new technique that has become popular due to its ability to completely degrade different toxic pollutants—instead of transferring them from one medium to another. The process is driven by a renewable energy source, and semiconductor nanomaterials are used to construct the light energy harvesting assemblies due to their rich surface states, large surface areas and different morphologies compared to their corresponding bulk materials. These make it a green alternative that is cost-effective for organochlorine pesticides degradation. This has also opened up new ways to utilize semiconductors and solar energy for environmental remediation. Herein, the focus of this review is on environmental remediation of organochlorine pesticides, the different techniques of their removal from the environment, the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques and the use of specific semiconductors as photocatalysts.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soils and sediments, southeast China: A case study in Xinghua Bay

This study evaluated the contamination status and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) between Xinghua Bay and adjacent watersheds in Putian region, southeast China. Twenty-five surface soil samples and two sediment cores were collected from two watersheds and the Xinghua Bay, respectively. Results showed that the concentrations of OCPs in samples of the Mulan River Watershed (MRW), the Qiulu River Watershed (QRW), the inner bay core (IBC) and the open bay core (OBC) were in the range of 4.96–38.20ng/g, 4.62–22.80ng/g, 1.84–80.46ng/g and 1.87–23.43ng/g, respectively. The mean concentration of OCPs was in an order: IBC>MRW>QRW>OBC. The higher concentration of OCPs in recent periods may suggest that a certain amount of OCPs were still input to this area.

Organochlorine Pesticides in Ambient Air in Selected Urban and Rural Residential Areas in the Philippines Derived from Passive Samplers with Polyurethane Disks

The passive sampler with PUF disk was applied to investigate the types and concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ambient air in three urban and rural residential areas simultaneously at different weather conditions in the Philippines. The concentrations of OCPs derived from the passive samplers indicated clear distinctions in the predominance of certain types and amounts of OCPs in air at different sampling sites and periods of sampling. Chlordanes were detected in concentrations ranging from 218 to 2,324 pg/m³ in the urban residential sites in all the sampling periods, indicating the possible use of these pesticides as termiticides in houses. Endosulfans were detected in two rural sites at 491 pg/m³ and 904 pg/m³ during one sampling period; indicating the possible use of the pesticide in the farm areas at that period.

The Contamination Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Sediment Samples in Uluabat Lake, Turkey

The Uluabat Lake is a reservoir of 125 km2 surface area, in the boundaries of Bursa province, Turkey. The results showed that Uluabat Lake was still contaminated by organochlorine pesticides and their residues despite the existence of bans over a long time. Considerable amounts of organochlorine pesticides (HCB, p.p'-DDT, p.p'-DDE, alpha-, beta- and gamma-BHC, Aldrin, Heptachlor epoxide, Endrin, Endosulfan I and II) were detected in water and sediment samples during one-year study in this lake. Samples of water and sediment were collected in different regions, (6 sampling point) of the lake between February 2002 and November 2002. The mean levels of organochlorine pesticides in water and sediments were determined. According to results, it was found that various environs in Uluabat Lake were contaminated by 11 different organochlorine pesticides. Residue analyses showed that higher organochlorine pesticides and their residues were generally more accumulated in the sediment samples.

Functional morphology of the hepatopancreas of Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea: Decapoda): influence of environmental pollution

We analyzed the morphological and functional state of hepatopancreas in Palaemonetes argentinus from two environments with different pesticide concentrations. Los Padres lagoon (Argentina) is an area subjected to contamination due to the slow exchange of water, the shallow depth and the input of contaminated water. Prawns living in this lagoon accumulate high amounts of organochlorine pesticides in their tissues. Hepatopancreas of prawns from Canal 5, an adjacent shallow stream where the amount of pesticides is below toxic levels, and from Los Padres lagoon were processed by standard histological techniques with light microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy. At Los Padres lagoon, we found important tissular alterations, such as intertubular infiltration of haemocytes and connective tissue, epithelial retraction in some tubules, and a folded basal lamina. Important necrotic desquamation, with cariolysis, cariorrexis and lack of cellular details were also observed. Numerous tubules presented an enlarged and irregular lumen with the epithelium atrophied or completely absent. In general, the lesions were particularly located in the medullar region of the organ. At the ultrastructural level, R and F cells were the most damaged. Both cell types had nuclear retraction, chromatin condensation and cytoplasmic lysis. Some R cells also had dilated mitochondria and numerous lysosomes, and the basal cytoplasm was nearly completely lysed. The hepatopancreas of prawns from Canal 5 did not evidence any alterations. The histopathological study of the hepatopancreas is a highly sensitive tool to evaluate the physiological condition of prawns and water quality. Other environmental conditions were similar, so it can be assumed that pollutants were the main cause of organ deterioration.

ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND HEAVY METALS IN MUSCLE AND OVARIES OF GULF COAST STRIPED BASS (MORONE SAXATILIS) FROM THE APALACHICOLA RIVER, FLORIDA, USA

Eight female Gulf coast striped bass (Morone saxatilis) broodfish collected for induced spawning from the Apalachicola River below the Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and metals in muscle and ovarian tissues. Chemical analyses revealed that muscle and ovaries contained detectable amounts of OCs and metals. Concentrations of p, p′-DDE, a derivative of the pesticide DDT, in muscle and ovary (0.54 and 0.65 μg/g, respectively) were significantly higher than α-chlordane, dieldrin, and p, p′-DDD. The presence of p, p′-DDE, an antiandrogenic compound, in females suggests that the compound also may be present in male striped bass. Concentrations of Cr, Hg, Mg, and Mn were higher in muscle than in ovarian tissues. Concentrations of Hg have almost doubled in muscle tissues (0.85 μg/g) and tripled in ovaries (0.15 μg/g) in our samples, compared with the data from 1986 to 1989. Organochlorine pesticides and metal contaminants were present in muscle and ovarian tissues of adult females and may have been retarding development of eggs leading to low hatching rates.

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Fat in the United Kingdom 1982-1983

Between December 1982 and October 1983 samples of human body fat were taken during routine necropsies carried out on 187 persons aged over 5 years and four infants aged under 4 months. Comparison of the results of analysis with those from the previous studies in 1976-1977, and earlier, shows a continuing decline in residues of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and dieldrin (HEOD) and a reduction in the amounts of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltichloroethane [p,p'-DDE, a metabolite of p,p'-DDT] and hexachlorobenzene. The concentrations of other compounds were similar to those observed in the previous studies. The results show that the amounts of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyl compounds contained in human fat samples from residents in the UK compare favourably with data obtained in other countries.

Changes in the amount of organochlorine pesticides in macroinvertebrate communities of the Val Parma running waters (Italy)

Changes in the amount of organochlorine pesticides in macroinvertebrate communities of the Val Parma running waters (Italy)

Forced volatilization or sweep extraction of organochlorine pesticide from vegetable extracts

Selective partition by vapor solvent sweeping, on borosilicate wool, of organochlorine pesticides from fruit and vegetable extracts in the present apparatus and with the present technique provides sufficient cleanup for subsequent electron capture detector analysis. Amounts of organochlorine pesticides from 0.02 to 0.1 p.p.m. in fruits and vegetables are quantitatively recovered and can be analyzed by this method. This study, like those of GUNTHERet. al. (2,3) with organochlorine pesticide residues in butterfat and in alfalfa and of STORHERR and WATTS (4) with organophosphate pesticides in several fruits and vegetables confirms that forced volatilization cleanup is a promising method.