Amount Of Mothers Research Articles

The First 24 Hours Post Partum Mother’s Breast Milk Production at Hospital

Breast milk is ideal baby food, various kinds of breast milk content are needed by the baby. Factors affecting breastmilk production among others: mother's food intake, mind, physiological anatomy, baby suction factors, rest factors and drug factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the production of postpartum mother milk in the first 24 hours. The research was conducted in descriptive quantitative with a time-series approach. The research subjects were obtained through consecutive sampling. Data were obtained at 2 hours postpartum, 16 hours postpartum and 24 hours postpartum using measuring cups and observation sheets. The subjects of this study were 21 normal postpartum mothers. The research data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The study was conducted in July 2020 at Ungaran Hospital. Respondents have explained the study. Researchers guarantee the confidentiality of respondents from the beginning to the end of the study. The results showed parity of postpartum multiparous mothers was 52.4%, primiparous 47.6%. Postpartum mothers with the early adult category were 66.7%. Postpartum mother breastmilk production at 2 hours with an average ± 0.155 cc, the mother experienced an increase in the amount of milk production at 16 hours postpartum by an average of ± 1.272 ml and at 24 hours postpartum experienced an increase in the amount of mother's milk production on average ± 1.369 ml. It can be concluded that physiologically normal post-partum mother milk production has increased gradually, the increase is because the more often the mother empties the breast, the more breast milk production.

Parents’ Acceptance to Alveolar and Nasoalveolar Molding Appliances during Early Cleft Lip and Palate Care: A Call for High-Quality Research

AIM: Acceptance and compliance of the parents are an essential pillar in the success of pre-surgical infant orthopedic (PSIO) treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the burden of care associated with the alveolar molding (AM) and nasoalveolar molding (NAM) appliances as experienced by the parents with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants.
 METHODS: An electronic search was carried on by two reviewers in eight search engines, as well as a manual search till July 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AM/NAM appliances to controls in infants with UCLP were selected. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for RCTs.
 RESULTS: One RCT was included in the qualitative analysis. Non-significant differences were found in the amount of mothers’ satisfaction between the intervention and control groups.
 CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient low-quality evidence is available regarding the effects of AM and NAM on parents’ satisfaction and burden of care. No conclusions can be withdrawn from the existing studies. High-quality research is needed to elucidate the degree of parents’ acceptance to the molding appliances.
 PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016043174.

Mothers of Autistic Children: Is the Burden of Care, Extended Time Spend and Money Constraints, Effecting Their Social Participation?

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between caregiving for autistic children and their mothers' social participation. It also evaluated the effects of three factors; time, finances and stigma attached to the disability upon social participation. Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit mothers of autistic children living in Saudi Arabia. A survey was conducted to collect data from 42 mothers of children with autism. Ordinal regression was used to examine the relationship between the social participation of the mothers of autistic children and caregiving and the other factors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse demographic data. Results: We found that caregiving for autistic children had a negative relationship with the amount of mothers' social participation (significant at p<0.05). Moreover, social participation was affected negatively by factors such as time, finance and stigma. The most significant amongst them was time followed by financial constraints. Stigma was the least momentous factor. Conclusions: The social participation of mothers of autistic children in Saudi Arabia is negatively influenced by multidimensional and high care demands. This is further complicated by additional financial pressures, time constraints, and stigma associated with this disabling condition. Provision of a variety of social support programs and training, such as effective time management, adequate coping skills, and counseling services may help in overcoming these obstacles. This, in turn, may aid not only in improving social participation but also occupational balance, psychological well-being and quality of life of the affected mothers

Does the Amount of Time Mothers Spend With Children or Adolescents Matter?

Although intensive mothering ideology underscores the irreplaceable nature of mothers' time for children's optimal development, empirical testing of this assumption is scant. Using time diary and survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement, the authors examined how the amount of time mothers spent with children ages 3–11 (N =1,605) and adolescents 12–18 (N =778) related to offspring behavioral, emotional, and academic outcomes and adolescent risky behavior. Both time mothers spent engaged with and accessible to offspring were assessed. In childhood and adolescence, the amount of maternal time did not matter for offspring behaviors, emotions, or academics, whereas social status factors were important. For adolescents, more engaged maternal time was related to fewer delinquent behaviors, and engaged time with parents together was related to better outcomes. Overall, the amount of mothers' time mattered in nuanced ways, and, unexpectedly, only in adolescence.

Maternal and neonatal factors impacting response to methadone therapy in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome

To identify maternal and neonatal factors that impact response to methadone therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome. This is a retrospective review of 128 infants that received pharmacotherapy for opiate withdrawal to identify factors associated with favorable response to methadone therapy. Maternal and neonatal data were analyzed with univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Maternal methadone maintenance dose during pregnancy correlated with length of stay (P=0.009). There was an inverse correlation between the amount of mother's breast milk ingested and length of stay (β=-0.03, P=0.02). Methadone was initiated later, tapered more rapidly and was more successful as monotherapy in preterm infants. Five percent of infants were admitted to hospital again for rebound withdrawal following reduction of breast milk intake. Severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome may be mitigated by titrating methadone to the lowest effective dose during pregnancy and by encouraging breast milk feeds, which should be weaned gradually.

Wrinkles in Parental Time with Children: Work, Family Structure, and Gender

The two key resources parents provide for their children are money and time (Thomson, Hanson, & McLanahan, 1994). Yet parental efforts to earn and provide money for their children inevitably require time committed to paid labor. These time commitments to paid labor have the potential to directly take time away from one's family, including spouses and children, and often have the tendency to intrude upon the quality of time spent in the family arena. In a similar manner, one's time committed to paid labor may result in a significant reallocation of time in bdomestic activities for oneself and other family members. In addition, feelings of overwork or stress from paid work have the potential to intrude on the time one does spend with family members. Taken together, it is clear that one's participation in the paid labor force has tremendous implications for the amount, allocation, and quality of time spent in the family arena.One of the most drastic societal changes over the past few decades has been the increase in women's employment, particularly among mothers. This increase in women's paid labor has elicited much public and academic concern regarding how the employment of mothers affects children (Casper & Bianchi, 2002). Although a worthwhile concern, it is important to acknowledge the full range of potential impact parental employment, especially of mothers, has on parents' time with children. This includes greater attention to how the amount of mothers' and fathers' time with children is influenced, how work schedules influence time allocation, and how parents' feelings about their time commitments may have consequences for the time they do spend in the family arena. In addition, appropriate assessments of parental employment as it relates to time must also make important acknowledgments about family structure, the changing nature of work and work scheduling, and gender. Indeed, maternal employment is likely to have different implications for single mothers than for married mothers; just as emerging workplace technologies and policies may influence a successful balance of work and family time commitments. Moreover, parents' feelings of achieving a successful balance of work and family time are undoubtedly influenced by the gendered nature of work and family roles. Assessments of all of these factors make important contributions to our understanding of how parents' participation in the paid labor force has ripple effects on time allocation and quality within the family, and point to many future directions for future research.Our goal is to review the literature on families and time. First, we review the literature which assesses how parents, according to labor force status, allocate their time. Next, we review how work schedules, rather than work hours, influence time with children. Next, we review how the demands of work and family make mothers and fathers feel about time, especially that which they spend with their children. We conclude with the identification of several directions for future research regarding the wrinkles in parental time with children formed by the factors of work, family structure, and gender.Allocation of Parental Time with ChildrenParental time with children is both an important and necessary component of families. The positive influence of parental time with children on child outcomes is well established in the existing literature (Amato & Rivera, 1999; Cooksey & Fondell, 1996; Hofferth, 2006). Research has clearly demonstrated the amount of time spent with both mothers and fathers each independently predicts fewer behavioral problems later in childhood (Amato & Rivera, 1999; Hofferth, 2006). Parental time with children is also positively associated with better academic performance (Cooksey & Fondell, 1996). Moreover, Hofferth and Sandberg (2001) suggest that time with parents provide opportunities for children's social, cognitive, and emotional development. …

Relative treatment effects of two prelinguistic communication interventions on language development in toddlers with developmental delays vary by maternal characteristics.

This paper tests whether two prelinguistic communication interventions have a differential effect on productive and receptive language development 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment. We predicted that treatment effects on language development would vary as a function of pretreatment maternal responsivity or amount of mothers' formal education. Fifty-eight prelinguistic children with developmental delays and their mothers participated in the study. Children were randomly assigned to one of two staff-implemented treatments that were designed to increase intentional communication ability. Results confirmed the prediction that treatment effects on children's receptive and expressive language 6 and 12 months after the end of interventions vary as a function of pretreatment maternal responsivity and education level.

Young Women's Sexuality as a Function of Perceptions of Maternal Sexual Communication during Childhood

The purpose of this study was to examine young women's perceptions of both verbal and nonverbal sexual communication from their mothers during childhood and how these perceptions are related to current sexual experiences and attitudes. A total of 295 female college students completed questionnaires regarding five sexual variables as well as perceptions of parental sexual communication. Results showed a negative correlation between tone of parental sexual communication and sexual experience, as well as a positive correlation between parental sexual communication and sexual cognition. The results also showed that more sexual communication was perceived from mother than from father, and the amount of mother's communication was significantly related to sexual assertiveness and sexual affect.

The Development of Perspective Taking: Understanding Differences in Information and Weighting

2 separate aspects of perspective taking are that judgments attributed to another should depend on the information available to the other (Information effect) and on how the other's use of information differs from one's own (Weighting effect). These 2 aspects of perspective taking were studied in a moral judgment task with preschoolers, and second and fifth graders. Subjects were read a series of stories about a little boy transgressing and asked to make judgments from both their own perspective and that of a mother character in the stories. The mother story character had either the same information as the subject or only partial information. Valence of intention and consequence and the amount of mother's knowledge varied factorially. Subjects were clustered using scores derived from the judgements. 3 clusters were found that showed different levels of perspective-taking ability. There was a developmental progression in the 3 levels of perspective taking. Subjects in the Harshness cluster attributed harsher judgments to the mother perspective. Subjects in the Weighting cluster weighted information differently depending on the perspective from which they judged. Subjects in the Information-and-Weighting cluster weighted information differently depending on perspective, and also considered the amount of information available to the mother character in attributing judgments. The findings are compared to current theory on the development of perspective taking. Future research and theory need to consider the influence of both information and weighting differences on performance in perspective-taking tasks.

Biographical Factors and Teacher Effectiveness

This study attempted to detemine whether biographical factors might be identified which would distinguish between teachers receiving high and low student assessments. More than 3,000 high school seniors named the most and least effective teacher they had experienced. Most and least effective were defined in terms of the three major patterns of classroom teacher behavior identified by Ryans. Teachers named by three or more seniors completed a biographical questionnaire. Effective teachers numbering 125 and ineffective teachers numbering responded. A coefficient of correlation was found for each of the biographical items and the criterion, teacher rating. Significant correlations were found for amount of mother’s formal education, mobility of teacher, number of books read annually, home ownership, and student-teacher relationships.