Amount Of Money In Circulation Research Articles

Effectiveness of Fiscal and Economic Policy in Monitoring Inflation in Nigeria

This study investigates the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in controlling inflation in Nigeria from 1993 to 2023. Using co-integration and error correction methods on yearly time series data, the study reveals several key findings. The unit root test indicates that only inflation (INF) is stationary at levels, while money supply (MS), taxation (TAX), and government expenditures (GEX) are stationary at first difference. The results show that an increase in the money supply and government expenditures lead to a rise in the inflation rate, whereas higher taxation reduces it. Based on these findings, the study concludes that MS, TAX, and GEX significantly impact on inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends that policymakers should better manage the money supply to reduce the inflation rate by decreasing the amount of money in the economy. Increasing the tax rates on individuals and companies, especially during periods of high inflation, can lower the amount of spendable money among citizens, thereby reducing inflation. Lastly, the government should control its expenditures to decrease the total amount of money in circulation, effectively reducing the country's inflation rate.

PERAN BANK INDONESIA DALAM MENSTABILKAN PEREKONOMIAN DAN JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR MELALUI KEBIJAKAN MONETER

This research is motivated by the economic conditions and the amount of money circulating in Indonesia in terms of the last five years, what policies will be issued by Bank Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the role of Bank Indonesia in stabilizing the economy and the amount of money in circulation through monetary policy. Object This research is an Indonesian bank using descriptive qualitative research. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This data was obtained by obtaining information and using secondary data by obtaining information through the official website of Bank Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency and this research shows that the monetary policy implemented by Bank Indonesia has a significant role in maintaining economic stability and the amount of money in circulation.

Analysis of Determinants of the Rupiah Exchange Rate (Exchange Rate) against the US Dollar in 2016: Q1-2023: Q4

In foreign trade, exchange rates are one of the big factors that make a big difference. And although each country has its own currency, they all have different monetary values. To show how much one country's currency is worth compared to another country's currency, we need a measure called the exchange rate. The aim of this research is to find out how the exchange rate is related to things such as the amount of money in circulation, non-oil and gas exports, the balance of payments, and Indonesia's benchmark interest rate. A multiple regression analysis model was used to conduct the research. This research shows that the IDR/USD Exchange Rate is closely related to Indonesia's Balance of Payments, Money Supply (M2), Non-Oil and Gas Exports, and Reference Interest Rates. This relationship is real and good.

Analysis of The Interaction of Monetary Policy and Islamic Investment Towards Indonesia's Economic Growth

Economic growth is the main measure of development success, and the results of economic growth will be enjoyed by the community either by itself or with government intervention. Economic growth is an important indicator in the real sector. The interaction between monetary policy and sharia investment in influencing Indonesia's economic growth is the main focus of this study. This study aims to analyze the effect of the interaction of monetary policy (interest rates, exchange rates and money supply) and the interaction of sharia investment (sukuk, sharia stocks, sharia mutual funds) on Indonesia's economic growth for the period 2000-2022. This type of research is quantitative research using time series data from secondary data with the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis method with the help of Eviews software. The results of this study indicate that the variables of short-term interest rates, SUKUK, sharia stocks, sharia mutual funds have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while the rupiah exchange rate (KURS), the amount of money in circulation on economic growth show a negative and insignificant effect. The variables of long-term interest rates, rupiah exchange rates or KURS, the amount of money in circulation SUKUK, sharia stocks, mutual funds have a positive and significant effect on economic growth

THE MONETARY POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSUMPTION AND TRADE IN ROMANIA

The methods that a country's central bank uses to control the total amount of money in circulation and affect trade, consumption, and economic growth are collectively referred to as monetary policy. A monetary expansionary policy entails a reduction in interest rates. As borrowing costs decrease, customers are encouraged to borrow more money and spend more, which boosts consumer spending and promotes economic growth. On the other hand, when interest rates rise during contractionary monetary policy, saving becomes more appealing while borrowing becomes more expensive. As a result, consumers may cut down on spending, which has an impact on aggregate consumption. Businesses are encouraged to invest by lower interest rates brought on by expansionary policies. They may borrow money more cheaply, which boosts imports, company expansion, and capital expenditures. Trade can increase if expansionary measures cause the home currency to weaken and become more appealing to export. In contrast, exports can be hampered by a rising currency. In conclusion, trade dynamics, corporate investment, and consumption patterns should be all greatly impacted by monetary policy measures. In order to find out some evidence about the monetary policy and its impact on consumption and trade in Romania, the paper uses statistical information from the National Bank of Romania between 2003 and 2023 for the monetary policy interest rate. This is going to be assessed base on its impact upon: Final consumption expenditure of general government; Final consumption expenditure of households; Gross capital formation; Exports of goods and services; Imports of goods and services; all of this taken from Eurostat. The results should point out if an increase or decrease of monetary policy interest rate is going to produce an impact upon consumption and trade, or the contrary is going to take place.

Impact of Sharia Stock Prices: A Study on Inflation, Exchange Rate, BI Rate, and Money Supply

This study aims to examine the effect of inflation, exchange rate, BI Rate, and the amount of money in circulation on Islamic stocks in companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). This study uses a sample of changes in the inflation rate, changes in the exchange rate, changes in the BI rate, changes in the money supply, and Islamic stock prices. This study uses secondary data, namely reports of changes in index obtained from the official website of the Indonesian Stock Exchange and the website of the Central Statistics Agency. With the results obtained in this study, inflation has a significant negative effect on Sharia Stock Prices, Exchange Rates have a significant negative effect on Sharia Stock Prices, amount of money in circulation has a significant positive effect on the price of Sharia shares. Inflation, Exchange Rate, BI Rate, and Money Supply have a simultaneous effect on Sharia Stock Prices in Companies Listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index. Managerial implications, especially for investment managers and fund managers in the Islamic capital market. Knowing the influence of inflation, exchange rates, BI interest rates, and money supply on Islamic stock prices allows managers to make better and more strategic investment decisions.

Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Jumlah Uang Beredar Dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia

This study aims to find out and explain the analytical influence of the influence of the rupiah exchange rate, the amount of money in circulation and the inflation rate on economic growth in Indonesia. The type of research used by the researcher is quantitative research using secondary data. The data analysis techniques used include, multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test and hypothesis test using Eviews analysis tools. The results of the T test show that the exchange rate variable has a significant positive impact on Indonesia's economic growth, the money supply variable has a very large positive impact on Indonesia's economic growth, and the Inflation variable has a significant negative impact on Indonesia's economic growth. The results of the F test show that the exchange rate variable, the money supply variable, and the Inflation variable simultaneously have a significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth.

The Influence of Macroeconomic Factors on Economic Growth on Indonesia's Receipt and Distribution of ZIS Funding

Indonesia has significant potential for distributing zakat, which can effectively address issues such as poverty and inequality in the nation. The ratio of ZIS funds received and disbursed by BAZNAS RI serves as the dependent variable in this analysis, which utilizes secondary data from January 2017 to December 2021, illustrating the quantitative approach employed in this investigation. Macroeconomic variables that affect economic growth, such as GDP, interest rates, inflation, poverty, and total money in circulation (JUB), are the independent variables. This study utilized multiple linear regression analysis with the Least Squares (LS) methodology. The classical assumption test consists of many linear regression tests such as Multicollinearity, Autocorrelation, Heteroscedasticity, Normality, and Linearity. The amount of Money in Circulation (JUB) that decreases the poverty rate, and the effect of decreasing the unemployment rate in Indonesia are the findings of the study that will affect the feasibility of channeling ZIS funds in Indonesia. Therefore, it can be concluded that changes in the quantity of GDP, interest rates, and inflation will not affect the receipt or distribution of ZIS funds in Indonesia.

The Impact of Gross Domestic Products (GDP), US Dollar Exchange Rates and Money Supply on Indonesian Salt Imports From 2003 To 2022

International trade is an important aspect of a country's economy. International trade is the exchange of goods, services, or other factors of production across national borders. One example of international trade is exports and imports. Export and import activities have a close relationship with demand and supply. In this study, we will examine one of the important aspects of international trade, namely imports. Indonesia, as a country that has a wide coastline and a large water area, still needs to import salt from other countries to meet the salt needs in Indonesia itself. Therefore, research will be conducted on salt imports in Indonesia as influenced by Gross Domestic Product, US Dollar Exchange Rate, and Money Supply. In this study, there is a period of twenty years, from 2003 to 2022. The number of observations in this study is eighty because there are four variables with a research data period of twenty years. The objectives of this study are 1) to analyze the effect of GDP, the US Dollar Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation simultaneously on Salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, 2) to analyze the effect of GDP, the US Dollar Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation partially on Salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, and 3) to find out the variables that have the most dominant influence on Salt Imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022. The results of this study show that GDP and the amount of money in circulation have a positive effect on salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, and the US dollar exchange rate has a negative effect on salt imports in Indonesia. Gross Domestic Product has the most dominant influence on the Salt Import variable, among other variables.

Impacts of inflation on the Vietnamese stock market in economic turbulence

This study employs the GARCH model to examine how inflation affects the Vietnamese stock market. The analysis uses 2001-2022 data from the General Statistics Office and the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HoSE). This time frame encompasses various market cycles, including the recent financial crises, which alter the characteristics of stock variance. The findings reveal that inflation has a strong impact on the volatility of stock indexes because the psychological herd of the stock players has a huge impact on market volatility such that it weakens the market, leading to instability due to stock prices being blown up too high or depressed too low. Herd mentality facilitates price manipulation, stock price manipulation, and speculation. When the demand for capital flows into the secondary market, a surge has led to a large amount of money in circulation. This has caused a high level of inflation. The findings indicate that a one percent increase in inflation is associated with a 6.692 percent increase in the VN index, suggesting that Vietnam’s stock market returns can hedge against inflation. Yet, the popularity of speculative investments necessitates that the Vietnamese government not only address inflation but also improve financial regulations and stock market oversight.

Determinants of Local Revenue in West Nusa Tenggara Province

The economic growth of a region can be seen from the contribution of increasing regional original income originating from sources of taxes, regional levies, regional property and other separated regional wealth management results, and other legitimate regional revenues. The Province of West Nusa Tenggara in the last few decades has shown a significant increase in local revenue. In this study, the impact of population, inflation, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on local revenue from 2010 to 2021 is explored. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique uses district or city annual data in a quantitative panel data regression model for the study. According to the findings of statistical studies, local own-source revenue is significantly positively affected by government spending, population, and gross regional product (GDP), but inflation-related price increases have a negligible impact on local revenue. The money supply determines the rate of inflation, the high rate of inflation is caused by the amount of money in circulation.

HUBUNGAN EKSPOR, IMPOR, INFLASI, DAN JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA DENGAN NILAI TUKAR SEBAGAI MEDIASI

The economic level of a country can be identified by looking at its economic growth. Economic growth in each period will not be consistent all the time, but will experience periodic fluctuations.The aim of this research is to examine the connection between exports, imports, inflation, the amount of money in circulation and economic growth through the exchange rate in Indonesia. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis methods with secondary data. The data used consists of information regarding exports, imports, inflation, money supply, exchange rates and Indonesia's economic growth. In terms of data collection time, this type of data study uses time series data collected from the years 2018-2022 with SPSS 21. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, direct influence shows that exports & imports do not have a significant effect on economic growth, while inflation & money supply has a significant positive effect on economic growth. Apart from that, the indirect effect shows that exports through the exchange rate have a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth, money supply through the exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while imports & inflation through the exchange rate have no significant effect on economic growth.

Penerapan Metode ADL Pengaruh Harga BBM dan Jumlah Uang Beredar terhadap Inflasi di Kota Medan

Inflation is a general and continuous tendency to increase the price of goods. Factors causing inflation include increases in fuel prices and money supply. The general impact of inflation is a decrease in domestic investment, an increase in interest rates, encouraging investment through speculation, failure to develop, economic instability, a balance of payments deficit, and lowering the standard of living and welfare of the community.The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fuel prices and the amount of money in circulation on inflation in the city of Medan. The model used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) Model. If the variables in the ADL model, both the dependent variable and the independent variable have a unit root, usually performed stasionary test. The ADL model as-sumes stationary data even if the dependent and independent variables are nei-ther stationary or cointegrated. The test results indicate that there is no cointe-gration between the variables, and the model produced indicates that the varia-bles affecting the price of fuel and the availability of money have a considerable impact on inflation, with a coefficient of determination of 71,4% and a MAPE value of 15,64%, making it suitable for making predictions.

Kebijakan Moneter di Negara Islam dan Negara Muslim: Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, dan Indonesia

<p><em>Monetary policy is a policy issued by a central bank or institution that is authorized with the aim of which is to maintain and stabilizing the currency so that the country's economy does not fall, that it can also be used as a regulation for setting interest rates and controlling the amount of money in circulation. Macroeconomic stability is the main goal of monetary policy. Currently, there are two economic systems operating in the world, namely conventional and sharia-based economic systems. These two bases of the economic system inevitably also influence monetary policy. This article discusses how monetary policy applies to Islamic and Muslim countries. The research method used in writing this article is qualitative, while the approach used is descriptive. The type of research used is Library (Library Research). The final result of this article concludes that: Islamic countries which use sharia (Islam) principles in their daily lives cannot be separated from the sharia economic system, this is because these countries are bound by international transactions, which ultimately these countries issued conventional monetary policies to adapt to international transactions.</em></p>

The Optimum Quantity of Money in a Situation of Information Asymmetries: Evidence from Cameroon

This article is a macroeconomic assessment of the optimum quantity of money to inject into a developing economy in situation of information asymmetries. Starting from Tobin's "absolute liquidity rule", and under the hypothesis of a sub-optimal macroeconomic monetary equilibrium, a method of optimizing the money supply is proposed, based on a "monetary adjustment coefficient". It takes into account the effective growth rate, the potential growth rate and the current money supply. It appears, in the case of Cameroon, that the quantity of money in circulation is 30% lower than its optimal level compatible with the potential product, hence the need for an expansionary monetary policy, including monetary and credit easing measures. It is thus proposed to decision makers to introduce a monetary adjustment coefficient when elaborating monetary policy to be implemented in the country.

Interest Rates and Inflation in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model

Policymakers and scholars continue to have extensive conversations about the relationship between interest rates and inflation in Nigeria. This is because, despite the efforts of Nigerian policymakers and regulatory authorities to achieve a high level of sustainable growth, the economy continued to witness stunted growth over the years, primarily due to double-digit inflation that continuously erodes value. In light of this, this study looked at how interest rates have affected Nigeria’s inflation rate over the last 16 years. The research design for this study is ex-post facto, using time series data for 68 quarters between Q1, 2006 to Q4, 2022. Data were obtained from the databases of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the World Development Indicator (WDI). The study utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the effect of interest rates on inflation in Nigeria, while the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron were employed for the stationarity test. The results of the analysis showed that interest rates have a long-run significant cointegrating relationship with the inflation rate (Adj R2 = 0.48; F-stat (4, 63) = 19.61 p < 0.05). The study therefore recommends that the CBN could alternate its approach to managing inflation in Nigeria by regulating the amount of money in circulation in addition to solely utilizing the interest rates through the MPR’s operation. Furthermore, since the CBN has little control over the other elements, monetary policy by itself is unable to reduce inflation in Nigeria. To guarantee the elimination of all barriers to reducing inflation in Nigeria, the report recommends that the monetary authority work in tandem with the fiscal authority and all pertinent ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs).

Analysis of Non-Cash Transactions, Debit Cards, Credit Cards, and Electronic Money, on the Money Supply in Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the effect between the independent variable, namely non-cash transactions (debit card transactions, credit card transactions, and electronic money transactions) on the dependent variable, namely the Money Supply (M1) in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach and the type of research used secondary data in the form of time series data from 2012-2021 obtained from Bank Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of non-cash transactions on the money supply in Indonesia during 2012-2021. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression using SPSS. This study also uses the statistical t test, statistical F test, and the coefficient of determination R2. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it shows that debit card transactions have a positive effect on the amount of money in circulation and credit card transactions have a negative effect on the money supply in 2012-2021. Meanwhile, electronic money transactions have no effect on the money supply in 2012-2021

The Digitalization Impact of The Payment System Through Qris on East Java Regional Financial Transactions

Payment system transaction efficiency can be optimized by utilizing technology in the digital era. Bank Indonesia with the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI) launched QRIS as a payment transaction instrument employing a standardized QR code. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the QRIS implementation policy and the QRIS transaction limit change policy on financial transactions in East Java Province. Financial transactions are represented using outflows, which is the cash flow of currency going out from Bank Indonesia. The research was performed using the intervention analysis. The results show that the implementation of QRIS in January 2020 had a significant impact on reducing outflow 5 periods after the policy was implemented. The decline in outflows even exceeds 90% in 2021 and exceeds 80% in 2022. The QRIS transaction limit change policy does not affect the increase/decrease in outflow transactions. This can be caused by QRIS users who are dominated by the MSME sector so the transactions made are retail. Further research on the impact of the QRIS policy using the amount of money in circulation, the net flow of currency, and digital banking transactions as the indicator of financial transactions also need to be carried out.

Naira Redesign and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges

This paper theoretically examines the effect of Naira redesign on economic growth in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine the economic implications of Naira redesign, reasons for redesigning Naira and the proposed relevance of Naira redesign policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study discovered that the key rationale for currency redesign were to reduce the level of hoarding of money by affluent Nigerians, to mitigate counterfeiting of the currency and to control the amount of money in circulation with the view of controlling the rate of inflation in Nigeria. The study also discovered that there are both positive and negative sides to Naira redesign which includes the fact that Naira redesign could lead to reduction in the level of cash insecurity and money laundering, huge deficit cost to the economy, a rise in price level and the mitigation of counterfeiting in the economy. The study suggests that the redesign of Naira may not be the antidote to the consistent depreciation of the country’s currency and the focus of the Central Bank of Nigeria should be the stabilization of Naira. The study concludes that Naira redesign is not the best thing to be done currently in the economy as it could lead to more challenges and so the Government of Nigeria should attend to more pressing issues.

Kebijakan Moneter dalam Presfektif Ekonomi Islam Pada Pembangunan Ekonomi

Islamic economics is required to be able to contribute to the global economy. This paper aims to analyze monetary policy in the perspective of Islamic economics in view of the country's economic development. Monetary policy is a branch of economics that influences the country's economy. Monetary in Islam not only emphasizes the supply and demand for money, but also the principle of equity, equality and creating a fair distribution of wealth and income. This study uses literature studies, namely theoretical studies and references related to values, culture and norms that develop in the social situations studied. In this research, the writer chose to study literature or study literature by collecting reference books related to research. This research study is the implication of Islamic monetary policy on economic development in Indonesia. Monetary policy can maintain economic stability by balancing the amount of money in circulation widely and in balance. If any money in circulation is greater or less than a number of goods and services, then the economy in a country will have a negative impact.