Amount Of Money In Circulation Research Articles

The Impact of Gross Domestic Products (GDP), US Dollar Exchange Rates and Money Supply on Indonesian Salt Imports From 2003 To 2022

International trade is an important aspect of a country's economy. International trade is the exchange of goods, services, or other factors of production across national borders. One example of international trade is exports and imports. Export and import activities have a close relationship with demand and supply. In this study, we will examine one of the important aspects of international trade, namely imports. Indonesia, as a country that has a wide coastline and a large water area, still needs to import salt from other countries to meet the salt needs in Indonesia itself. Therefore, research will be conducted on salt imports in Indonesia as influenced by Gross Domestic Product, US Dollar Exchange Rate, and Money Supply. In this study, there is a period of twenty years, from 2003 to 2022. The number of observations in this study is eighty because there are four variables with a research data period of twenty years. The objectives of this study are 1) to analyze the effect of GDP, the US Dollar Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation simultaneously on Salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, 2) to analyze the effect of GDP, the US Dollar Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation partially on Salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, and 3) to find out the variables that have the most dominant influence on Salt Imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022. The results of this study show that GDP and the amount of money in circulation have a positive effect on salt imports in Indonesia in 2003–2022, and the US dollar exchange rate has a negative effect on salt imports in Indonesia. Gross Domestic Product has the most dominant influence on the Salt Import variable, among other variables.

Determinants of Local Revenue in West Nusa Tenggara Province

The economic growth of a region can be seen from the contribution of increasing regional original income originating from sources of taxes, regional levies, regional property and other separated regional wealth management results, and other legitimate regional revenues. The Province of West Nusa Tenggara in the last few decades has shown a significant increase in local revenue. In this study, the impact of population, inflation, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on local revenue from 2010 to 2021 is explored. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique uses district or city annual data in a quantitative panel data regression model for the study. According to the findings of statistical studies, local own-source revenue is significantly positively affected by government spending, population, and gross regional product (GDP), but inflation-related price increases have a negligible impact on local revenue. The money supply determines the rate of inflation, the high rate of inflation is caused by the amount of money in circulation.

HUBUNGAN EKSPOR, IMPOR, INFLASI, DAN JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA DENGAN NILAI TUKAR SEBAGAI MEDIASI

The economic level of a country can be identified by looking at its economic growth. Economic growth in each period will not be consistent all the time, but will experience periodic fluctuations.The aim of this research is to examine the connection between exports, imports, inflation, the amount of money in circulation and economic growth through the exchange rate in Indonesia. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis methods with secondary data. The data used consists of information regarding exports, imports, inflation, money supply, exchange rates and Indonesia's economic growth. In terms of data collection time, this type of data study uses time series data collected from the years 2018-2022 with SPSS 21. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, direct influence shows that exports & imports do not have a significant effect on economic growth, while inflation & money supply has a significant positive effect on economic growth. Apart from that, the indirect effect shows that exports through the exchange rate have a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth, money supply through the exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while imports & inflation through the exchange rate have no significant effect on economic growth.

Penerapan Metode ADL Pengaruh Harga BBM dan Jumlah Uang Beredar terhadap Inflasi di Kota Medan

Inflation is a general and continuous tendency to increase the price of goods. Factors causing inflation include increases in fuel prices and money supply. The general impact of inflation is a decrease in domestic investment, an increase in interest rates, encouraging investment through speculation, failure to develop, economic instability, a balance of payments deficit, and lowering the standard of living and welfare of the community.The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fuel prices and the amount of money in circulation on inflation in the city of Medan. The model used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) Model. If the variables in the ADL model, both the dependent variable and the independent variable have a unit root, usually performed stasionary test. The ADL model as-sumes stationary data even if the dependent and independent variables are nei-ther stationary or cointegrated. The test results indicate that there is no cointe-gration between the variables, and the model produced indicates that the varia-bles affecting the price of fuel and the availability of money have a considerable impact on inflation, with a coefficient of determination of 71,4% and a MAPE value of 15,64%, making it suitable for making predictions.

Kebijakan Moneter di Negara Islam dan Negara Muslim: Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, dan Indonesia

<p><em>Monetary policy is a policy issued by a central bank or institution that is authorized with the aim of which is to maintain and stabilizing the currency so that the country's economy does not fall, that it can also be used as a regulation for setting interest rates and controlling the amount of money in circulation. Macroeconomic stability is the main goal of monetary policy. Currently, there are two economic systems operating in the world, namely conventional and sharia-based economic systems. These two bases of the economic system inevitably also influence monetary policy. This article discusses how monetary policy applies to Islamic and Muslim countries. The research method used in writing this article is qualitative, while the approach used is descriptive. The type of research used is Library (Library Research). The final result of this article concludes that: Islamic countries which use sharia (Islam) principles in their daily lives cannot be separated from the sharia economic system, this is because these countries are bound by international transactions, which ultimately these countries issued conventional monetary policies to adapt to international transactions.</em></p>

The Optimum Quantity of Money in a Situation of Information Asymmetries: Evidence from Cameroon

This article is a macroeconomic assessment of the optimum quantity of money to inject into a developing economy in situation of information asymmetries. Starting from Tobin's "absolute liquidity rule", and under the hypothesis of a sub-optimal macroeconomic monetary equilibrium, a method of optimizing the money supply is proposed, based on a "monetary adjustment coefficient". It takes into account the effective growth rate, the potential growth rate and the current money supply. It appears, in the case of Cameroon, that the quantity of money in circulation is 30% lower than its optimal level compatible with the potential product, hence the need for an expansionary monetary policy, including monetary and credit easing measures. It is thus proposed to decision makers to introduce a monetary adjustment coefficient when elaborating monetary policy to be implemented in the country.

Interest Rates and Inflation in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model

Policymakers and scholars continue to have extensive conversations about the relationship between interest rates and inflation in Nigeria. This is because, despite the efforts of Nigerian policymakers and regulatory authorities to achieve a high level of sustainable growth, the economy continued to witness stunted growth over the years, primarily due to double-digit inflation that continuously erodes value. In light of this, this study looked at how interest rates have affected Nigeria’s inflation rate over the last 16 years. The research design for this study is ex-post facto, using time series data for 68 quarters between Q1, 2006 to Q4, 2022. Data were obtained from the databases of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the World Development Indicator (WDI). The study utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the effect of interest rates on inflation in Nigeria, while the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron were employed for the stationarity test. The results of the analysis showed that interest rates have a long-run significant cointegrating relationship with the inflation rate (Adj R2 = 0.48; F-stat (4, 63) = 19.61 p < 0.05). The study therefore recommends that the CBN could alternate its approach to managing inflation in Nigeria by regulating the amount of money in circulation in addition to solely utilizing the interest rates through the MPR’s operation. Furthermore, since the CBN has little control over the other elements, monetary policy by itself is unable to reduce inflation in Nigeria. To guarantee the elimination of all barriers to reducing inflation in Nigeria, the report recommends that the monetary authority work in tandem with the fiscal authority and all pertinent ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs).

Analysis of Non-Cash Transactions, Debit Cards, Credit Cards, and Electronic Money, on the Money Supply in Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the effect between the independent variable, namely non-cash transactions (debit card transactions, credit card transactions, and electronic money transactions) on the dependent variable, namely the Money Supply (M1) in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach and the type of research used secondary data in the form of time series data from 2012-2021 obtained from Bank Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of non-cash transactions on the money supply in Indonesia during 2012-2021. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression using SPSS. This study also uses the statistical t test, statistical F test, and the coefficient of determination R2. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it shows that debit card transactions have a positive effect on the amount of money in circulation and credit card transactions have a negative effect on the money supply in 2012-2021. Meanwhile, electronic money transactions have no effect on the money supply in 2012-2021

The Digitalization Impact of The Payment System Through Qris on East Java Regional Financial Transactions

Payment system transaction efficiency can be optimized by utilizing technology in the digital era. Bank Indonesia with the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI) launched QRIS as a payment transaction instrument employing a standardized QR code. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the QRIS implementation policy and the QRIS transaction limit change policy on financial transactions in East Java Province. Financial transactions are represented using outflows, which is the cash flow of currency going out from Bank Indonesia. The research was performed using the intervention analysis. The results show that the implementation of QRIS in January 2020 had a significant impact on reducing outflow 5 periods after the policy was implemented. The decline in outflows even exceeds 90% in 2021 and exceeds 80% in 2022. The QRIS transaction limit change policy does not affect the increase/decrease in outflow transactions. This can be caused by QRIS users who are dominated by the MSME sector so the transactions made are retail. Further research on the impact of the QRIS policy using the amount of money in circulation, the net flow of currency, and digital banking transactions as the indicator of financial transactions also need to be carried out.

Naira Redesign and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges

This paper theoretically examines the effect of Naira redesign on economic growth in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine the economic implications of Naira redesign, reasons for redesigning Naira and the proposed relevance of Naira redesign policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study discovered that the key rationale for currency redesign were to reduce the level of hoarding of money by affluent Nigerians, to mitigate counterfeiting of the currency and to control the amount of money in circulation with the view of controlling the rate of inflation in Nigeria. The study also discovered that there are both positive and negative sides to Naira redesign which includes the fact that Naira redesign could lead to reduction in the level of cash insecurity and money laundering, huge deficit cost to the economy, a rise in price level and the mitigation of counterfeiting in the economy. The study suggests that the redesign of Naira may not be the antidote to the consistent depreciation of the country’s currency and the focus of the Central Bank of Nigeria should be the stabilization of Naira. The study concludes that Naira redesign is not the best thing to be done currently in the economy as it could lead to more challenges and so the Government of Nigeria should attend to more pressing issues.

Kebijakan Moneter dalam Presfektif Ekonomi Islam Pada Pembangunan Ekonomi

Islamic economics is required to be able to contribute to the global economy. This paper aims to analyze monetary policy in the perspective of Islamic economics in view of the country's economic development. Monetary policy is a branch of economics that influences the country's economy. Monetary in Islam not only emphasizes the supply and demand for money, but also the principle of equity, equality and creating a fair distribution of wealth and income. This study uses literature studies, namely theoretical studies and references related to values, culture and norms that develop in the social situations studied. In this research, the writer chose to study literature or study literature by collecting reference books related to research. This research study is the implication of Islamic monetary policy on economic development in Indonesia. Monetary policy can maintain economic stability by balancing the amount of money in circulation widely and in balance. If any money in circulation is greater or less than a number of goods and services, then the economy in a country will have a negative impact.

Pengaruh Suku Bunga, Jumlah Uang Beredar dan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Tingkat Inflasi Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2012-2021

This study aims to analyze the effect between variables both partially and simultaneously on interest rates, amount of money in circulation and exchange rates on the inflation rate in North Sumatra Province in 2012-2021. This research is a research using a quantitative approach. The independent variables in this study are interest rates, money supply and exchange rates. While the dependent variable in this study is inflation. Secondary data collection techniques with quantitative research types obtained from Bank Indonesia, the Central Bureau of Statistics and from related agency sources. This study uses the Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis method. The results showed that the interest rate variable had a positive and signifikan effect on the inflation rate in the long term, whereas in the short term the interest rate had a positive but not signifikan effect on the inflation rate. The money supply variable has a positive and insignifikan effect on the inflation rate in the long and short term. Meanwhile, the exchange rate variable has a negative and insignifikan effect on the inflation rate both in the long term and in the short term.

Digital Transaction: A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion and Job Creation

What informed the rationale for developing this topic was the growing number of Point of Sale (POS) Agents in Katsina Metropolis and their clients/customers. The central focus of this article is to examine the role of Agent Banking which is part of financial inclusion in poverty reduction in Katsina metropolis. The researchers adopted a survey research design where data were elicited using quantitative research techniques from the targeted respondents. The data collected were analyzed and presented which revealed that there are at least twenty Post of Sale (POS) outlets located in each major street of Katsina Metropolis. The study also found that the POS has become a veritable source of livelihood for those who are into Agency Banking in the area. Additionally, the availability of POS Agents has influenced a significant population of the metropolis to adopt the use of digital systems of payment in their businesses and other financial transactions. It has revealed that the cashless policy has facilitated or accelerated the growth of digital marketing in the Katsina metropolis, entrepreneurs in the area are now selling their wares online and receiving payment via the same system which has eliminated the barriers created by time and space. The theoretical implication of the cashless policy was the unintended consequences it generated. It is referred to as the Cobra Effect during the 2033 Generation Elections in Nigeria. The decision to redesign the currency and reduce the amount of money in circulation has created more demands for cash hence luring some voters to exchange their votes for cash on election day. The practical implications of the findings of this study are twofold: The cashless policy has encouraged some of the people who are financially excluded were able to open bank accounts. It has enabled marketers to carry out financial transactions online without physical contact between the buyer and seller with the aid of electronic money payment systems.

PENGARUH JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR, BI RATE DAN JUMLAH KASUS COVID TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM SYARIAH

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the money supply, the BI Rate and the number of cases of covid 19 on stock returns on the Jakar Islamic Index (JII), the research method used was a quantitative method with a descriptive approach, while the subjects of this study were 15 companies. which is listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) stock index for the 2020-2021 period, and uses secondary data. data analysis using multiple linear regression using software eviews 10. The results of this study show that the amount of money in circulation does not affect stock returns at JII, the BI Rate affects stock returns at JII, the number of covid 19 cases does not affect stock returns at JII.

Predictive Modeling of Nigeria’s Currency in Circulation Using X-12 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Method

In Nigeria, the average monthly quantity of currency in circulation (CIC) has increased by 269 billion nairas, reaching 2.13 trillion as of 2019 and 2.41 trillion as of 2020. The current value of currency in circulation is expected to be 2.88 trillion naira. The economy of Nigeria is impacted by the seasonal fluctuations in its currency, and it is unavoidable that the economy would need to be adjusted. The purpose of this study was to adjust the seasonal effect of eight days to Easter and Muslim holidays on CIC, model and predict the CIC in Nigeria using the United State Census Bureau's X-12 ARIMA Seasonal adjustment software. The data utilized in the study was the monthly amount of money in circulation that was taken from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Bulletin between January 2012 and March 2022. Natural logarithm was used to standardize the data, and series seasonality was removed using seasonal differencing. Based on these data, it is clear that X-12-ARIMA (2 1 1)(0 1 1) is the most accurate forecasting approach for Nigeria's CIC. The money in circulation in Nigeria from April 2022 through December 2022 will rise at a positive rate of 2.8% growth rate each month, with a predicted monthly mean CIC of 3.40 trillion by the end of the year 2022, according to this method's predictions. This is the first study on modeling and forecast of CIC in Nigeria that have utilize the United State Census Bureau X-12-ARIMA software, the findings can be extrapolated to the coming year, Nigerians may want to get ready for an increase in the amount of money in circulation during this time.

The Influence of Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to investigate how changes in fiscal policy and monetary policy have impacted economic expansion in Indonesia. Spending by the government, tax rates, the rate at which banks open new accounts, and the total amount of money in circulation are the variables that were investigated in this study. This study takes a quantitative approach, and the analytical method that is employed is multiple linear regression using secondary data on economic growth from 2013-2022. The data for this study was collected from the United States Department of Commerce. The study's conclusions indicate that taxes and the amount of money in circulation impact Indonesia's economic growth, but neither government spending nor interest rates on BI deposits do. Additionally, how government expenditure, taxes, interest rates, and the amount of money in circulation affect economic growth. It is 99.66%. As a result, while making future decisions about the economy, the government will need to take into account both kinds of policies in a comprehensive manner.

ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2006-2020

Economic growth is an indicator of successful development achieved and can be used to determine further development policies. This study aims to analyze the effect of oil prices, imports, exports, interest rates, inflation, and the money supply on economic growth in Indonesia in 2006 to 2020. This study uses a quantitative approach with research data sourced from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The research method is multiple linear regression. The results show that oil prices, exports, and interest rates have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. Meanwhile, imports, inflation and the money supply have a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. The implication of this research is that the government must reduce dependence on imports of raw materials and food by facilitating alternative raw materials and food that can be developed independently. In addition, the government must control the amount of money in circulation according to the capacity of the community's economy

Calculating Expected Stock Return Using Arbitrage Pricing Theory Model and Analyzing Independent Variables That Affect Stock Expected Return (Analysis Conducted on Kompas100 Stock Issuers For The Period 2020 – 2022)

This study aims to determine which variabel independent (IHSG, USD exchange, money supply (M2), and inflation) that has the most influence of expected returns using Arbitrage Pricing Theory Model for selected stock issuers from the KOMPAS100 Index for the period 2020 – 2022. The population in this study are all stock issuers registered as members of the KOMPAS100 Index for the period 2020 – 2022 using a purposive sampling technique to obtain 57 selected stock issuers from the KOMPAS100 Index population for the period 2020 – 2022. Data on stock issuers who are members of the KOMPAS100 Index for the period 2020 – 2022 is taken from the doktorsaham.com website. The monthly stock price data for selected issuers and the monthly JCI stock data are taken from the Investing.com website. Monthly inflation data for the period 2020 - 2022 is taken from the BI.go.id website. Monthly data on the amount of money in circulation (M2), and monthly data on the USD exchange rate for the period 2020 – 2022 are taken from the satudata.kemendag.go.id website. Arbitrage Pricing Theory is used to calculate the expected return of a sample of selected stock issuers using the Microsoft Excel application. JASP application is used to test the hypothesis using Linear Regression.

BI-7 DAY REVERSE REPO RATE EXCHANGE RATE, MONEY SUPPLY, AND THE NUMBER OF SHARIA CAPITAL MARKET INVESTORS

This study aims to analyze the influence of the variables BI 7-Day Reserve Repo Rate, Exchange Rate, and the Amount of Money in Circulation on investors in the Islamic capital market. The research method used is multiple linear regression using the t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (). The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from several data sources, namely IDX, Bank Indonesia, Badan Pusat Statistik, and CNBC Indonesia which includes data on the BI 7-Day Reserve Repo Rate, exchange rate, total money supply, and data on the number of investors. Islamic capital market in 2017-2021. The results of this study indicate that BI7DRR and Money Supply affect the Number of Islamic Capital Market Investors, while the Exchange Rate does not affect the Number of Islamic Capital Market Investors.

Impact of Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy on Gross Domestic Product in Indonesia

This study aims to determine which policies are effectively implemented between monetary policy and fiscal policy for Indonesia's gross domestic product. The data used is the annual Secondary time series data from 1990-2020. Research variables are estimated using a quantitative approach that is two Stage Least Square (TSLS) model. Policy is said to be more effective if the policy is able to affect the increase in gross domestic product higher than other policies. The ability of the policy to influence the increase in gross domestic product is indicated by the magnitude of the variable significance value of the policy. The results showed that the monetary policy represented by the variable amount of money in circulation amounted to 0.00 and fiscal policy represented by the variable government spending amounted to 0.07. So it can be concluded that monetary policy will be more effective in affecting gross domestic product compared to fiscal policy. Based on the values obtained, then confirm the findings of the Mundell-Fleming theory which states that a small open economy with a floating exchange rate system is more effective using monetary policy than fiscal policy. Keywords: Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Two Stage Least Squares, Gross Domestic Product, Mundell Fleming.