Amount Of Melamine Research Articles

A method validation of determination of melamine in marketed infant formula and milk powder of Iran

Melamine is a recognized food contaminant that can arise incidentally or intentionally in specific categories of food. This study aimed to validate the melamine detection and quantification in infant formula and milk powders and also analyzed 40 samples consist of infant formula and milk powders from commercially available food products, from different geographic regions of Iran. The approximate content of melamine in samples was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet (HPLC–UV) system. A calibration curve (R2 = 0.9925) was established for detection of melamine in the range of 0.1–1.2 μg mL−1. Limit of quantification and limit of detection were 1 μg mL−1 and 3 μg mL−1, respectively. The presence of melamine in infant formula and milk powdered was investigated and it was observed that the amount of melamine in samples of infant formulas and milk powders was 0.001–0.095 mg kg−1 and 0.001–0.004 mg kg−1, respectively. These values were found to be within the prescribed limits by the European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission legislation. It is important to note that the consumption of these dairy products, which contain low content of melamine, does not pose any significant threat to consumer health. Furthermore, the results of the risk assessment confirmed this issue.

Waste sawdust as a raw material: Synthesis, modification and characterization of novel bio-based phenol-formaldehyde wood adhesives

Lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals for the development of bio-based wood adhesives. However, limited by the complexity and reactivity of biomass, bio-based adhesives are not competitive in terms of physicochemical properties. In this study, a novel bio-based phenol-formaldehyde resin was prepared directly using phenol to liquefy waste sawdust without removing the residue, and modified with a small amount of melamine. The results demonstrated that the melamine-modified bio-based phenol-formaldehyde resin (MBPF) exhibited better physicochemical qualities. Particularly, the free phenol content was 0.36 %, 57.6 % less than in common phenol-formaldehyde resin. Various characterizations of resins showed that liquefied sawdust could successfully substitute phenol in the resin system. Ortho hydroxymethylphenol was produced by an addition reaction between the liquefied sawdust or phenol and formaldehyde during the resin production process. A reticulated cross-linking structure was then formed between the hydroxymethylate liquefied sawdust and polyhydroxymethylphenol through the dehydrated condensation reaction. The degraded sawdust chain segments were successfully embedded in the resin, increased the molecular weight of the resin prepolymer and improved the initial thermal stability. After a tiny amount of melamine was added, the resin produced a denser cross-linked network, which improved resin condensation activity, decreased the curing time, and successfully increased the bonding force between the liquefied sawdust and resin molecules. The wet shear strength of MBPF resin could reach 1.43 MPa, which was equivalent to PF resin.

Preparation of magnetic composite sorbent based on exfoliated graphite with metallic iron, cobalt and nickel using melamine as a reducing agent

Known preparation methods of the magnetic sorbents based on exfoliated graphite (EG) with metallic phase take several hours and requires the use of a large amount of reducing gas at a high temperature, which is not technologically advanced. The aim of the work is to obtain EG modified with iron, cobalt, and nickel using new simple method. This method includes the thermal treatment in nitrogen atmosphere of the mixture of expandable graphite, Mn+ nitrates (Mn+ = Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+) and melamine. The thermal decomposition of melamine leads to formation of ammonia, which reduces the products of the Mn+ nitrates decomposition (α-Fe2O3, Co3O4/CoO, NiO) to metallic iron, cobalt and nickel. The use of different amount of melamine as reducing agent leads to the formation of mixtures with different compositions containing iron oxides Fe3O4, FeO, metallic iron α-Fe, Fe-C alloy γ-(Fe,C) and iron carbide Fe3C, which were confirmed by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Metallic Co and Ni on the EG surface is formed in nitrogen atmosphere by reduction with carbon even without melamine. Obtained EG/Fe has the highest saturation magnetization of 54.7 emu/g. EG/Co and EG/Ni have lower saturation magnetization of 40.1 and 12.0 emu/g, which is due to lower saturation magnetization of the individual metals.

Monodisperse sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin microspheres: Synthesis by dispersion polymerization and light-diffusing performance characterization

The development and characterization of sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin microspheres (SMF microspheres) as light diffusers in epoxy resin was presented in this paper. The SMF microspheres were prepared through dispersion polymerization with uniform particle size, smooth surface, and a high refractive index. The particle size of the microspheres was controllable within the range from 0.8 to 3.7 µm according to the pH during acidic condensation and the amount of melamine. Compared to traditional MF microspheres, SMF microspheres possessed unique sulfonic acid groups, higher primary amine content, and stronger polarity, which prevent agglomeration when mixed with epoxy resin. The SMF microspheres thus prepared were used as light-diffusing fillers with epoxy resin as matrix. Experimental results and single-particle Mie scattering simulations confirmed that SMF microspheres with a higher refractive index and smaller particle size exhibited higher light-shading efficiency and the haze of EP, demonstrating their outstanding light-diffusing performance. In summary, the significant potential application of SMF microspheres in the field of light diffusers was demonstrated.

Improving surface hardness of AISI 1045 steels using melamine derived from urea

ABSTRACT AISI 1045 steels are medium carbon steels used in applications that require greater strength and hardness such as gears, railway wheels and tracks, crankshafts, rolls, axles and other structural components. Although AISI 1045 steels are highly demanded engineering materials, they suffer from deformation and wear resistance when these applications are used. The hardness and wear resistance of the material are improved using a surface hardening method. Pack nitriding is the cheapest and easiest method of surface hardening method implemented in this work. The surface hardness of AISI 1045 steel is improved by the diffusion of nitrogen from the nitrogen-bearing material (melamine) to the surface of the steel and forms a metal nitride compound, which has strong hardness and wear resistance. This work reports that substantial surface hardening of AISI 1045 steel was achieved by the pack nitriding method using melamine obtained by in situ reaction of urea. The surface hardness increases manifold with the amount of melamine used, soaking time and temperature. The microscopic investigations of the nitrided surfaces of the metal show the formation of two distinct layers. The microstructural properties and hardness of the samples before and after nitriding were thoroughly investigated and interpreted.

Template-confined assembly of Ag nanocubes: An approach to fabricate SERS substrate with good performance

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an important analytical technique. Its detection sensitivity and reproducibility depend on the density and distribution of SERS hotspots. Self-assembly is an efficient method to produce of SERS substrates due to its easy accessibility. However, the assembled defects can hardly be avoided on large area, which could lower the density and uniformity of the hotspots, leading to poor SERS performance. Herein, we report a method to reduce the defects by taking a patterned substrate as template to confine the assembly of Ag nanocubes. The template was prepared based on the combination of photo lithography and self-assembly. Confined by the template, the Ag nanocubes were assembled closely in each dots of the pattern. The limit of detection (LOD) is down to 3.42 × 10−17 M and the enhanced factor (EF) is up to 3.44 × 1010 on the prepared substrate for detecting rhodamine 6G (R6G). In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the different substrates is 8.75 %. The assembled Ag nanocubes exhibits high sensitivity and reproducibility as SERS substrate, which are contributed by the formation of high-density and uniform hotspots. The prepared substrate can be used for detecting trace amounts of melamine in milk with LOD of 2.06 × 10−7 M and RSD of 6.91 %, so the substrate is applicable for analyzing various analytes.

Investigation of melamine and cyanuric acid concentration in several brands of liquid milk and its non-carcinogenic risk assessment in adults and infants.

In this study, the melamine and cyanuric acid concentration of widely used milk brands and the probability of non-carcinogenic risk of the brands for adults and infants were investigated. These values were 1.37mg/L, 1.10mg/L, and 1.09mg/L, which corresponded to creamy sterilized sample, high-fat (creamy) pasteurized sample, and low-fat (less-creamy) pasteurized sample, respectively. Similarly, the highest amount of cyanuric acid occurred in brand A with the values of 0.79 mg/L, 0.65 mg/L, and 0.64 mg/L, which was reported in the same samples mentioned for melamine. The HQ (Hazard Quotient) of melamine in the brands of A, B, C and D for adults was 0.0025, 0.0011, 0.0006 and 0.0008 respectively. These values for infants were reported as 2.2280, 0.9444, 0.5714 and 0.6714 respectively. The risk probability of melamine for adults was less than 1. However, the HQ in brand A for infants was greater than 1 (2.380), which indicate the high probability of non-carcinogenic risk. Furthermore, the HI (Hazard Index) values of the brands of A, B, C and D for infants were 2.7913, 1.1737, 0.7067 and 0.838, respectively. The simultaneous melamine and cyanuric acid in the brands A and B in for infants increase the non-carcinogenic risk probability by approximately 2.8 and 1.2 times, respectively. The results revealed that the melamine and cyanuric acid concentrations in creamy milk samples (0.5%) were higher than in less-creamy milk samples (2.5%). Moreover, the amount of the compounds in sterilized milk samples was higher than pasteurized. In this study, a conversion factor (0.7) was proposed in order to find out the concentration of cyanuric acid in milk sample with the amount of melamine is known but the cyanuric acid concentration is unknown.

Melamine Acetate Preparation as a Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Additive for Particleboard Production

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin binders for wood-based panel production often use melamine as an additive to improve both mechanical properties and environmental compliance. Direct fortification for efficient use of melamine remains a problem due to low solubility. Pizzi & coworkers suggested the use of more soluble melamine salts and demonstrated success in terms of product performance. However, their preparation method showed low productivity and inefficient use of material and energy. In their scheme, a batch reactor fed with 1 kg of water and 75 g of a stoichiometric amount of melamine and acetic acid produced only around 25 g of solid melamine acetate crystal. In contrast, the remaining 50 g remained dissolved in 991 g of water, which requires high of energy to evaporate. This paper reports an attempt to increase batch productivity and work towards the more efficient use of material and energy. The experiment showed that the successive addition of melamine and acetic acid to the batch up to the solubility limit of melamine at the same reaction condition increased melamine and acetic acid fed from 75 g to 165 g. This was followed by a significant increase in dry crystal yield from 25 g to 117 - 132 g. Feeding the mother liquor to the next batch decreased the water use to only 8% of the original requirement. This resulted in a highly efficient process, eliminating the need for energy-intensive melamine acetate recovery from the mother liquor. The addition of 2% - 4% wt. of the product to UF resin resulted in particleboard with significantly lower thickness swelling, an increase in MOR & IB strength, and lower formaldehyde emission.

Highly sensitive Ag/PMMA SERS substrate with dense and uniform nano-forest structure for the detection of melamine in milk

In this paper, a large-area uniform nano-forest structure was produced on PMMA support by simple plasma treatment, and a highly sensitive Ag/PMMA SERS substrate was obtained by a thermal evaporation method. SEM images reveal the Ag/PMMA substrate featured densely distributed nano-trees containing lots of branches. FDTD simulation confirmed the gaps both on the top surface and in the body of the nano-forest were all effective hot spots, which could confine intense local electric field. By using crystal violet (CV) as the probe molecule, it was demonstrated the Ag-50/PMMA substrate prepared with a deposition time of 50 min could easily detect 10−10 M CV, and the enhancement factor (EF) was calculated to be 5 × 107. The Ag-50/PMMA substrate exhibited good uniformity and reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.6% and 7.8% respectively. Both the successful detection of melamine in milk with a concentration of 0.001 ppm, much lower than the permitted amount of melamine in milk, and the desirable accuracy exhibited in the recovery rate experiments demonstrated the satisfactory detection ability of the Ag-50/PMMA substrate in the real application. The high performance of the proposed SERS substrate ensured its great potential for applications in the field of food surveillance.

Three-dimensional hollow catalysts with edge-defective Fe-Nx sites and enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation performance: Preparation, applications, and mechanism

Developing heterogeneous catalysts with high level of active site exposure is crucial for the activation of peroxymonosulfate. In this study, a series of high-performance Fe-N-C catalysts were obtained through the strategy of melamine-assisted pyrolysis. The morphology, specific surface area and pore structure of the catalysts can be adjusted by controlling the amount of melamine added during the pyrolysis process. Fe1-Nx-C obtained with a melamine to Fe-ZIF ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest specific surface area (984.2 m2·g−1), pore volume (1.79 cm3·g−1) and reaction rate constant (0.055 min−1, 5.5 times that of Fe0-Nx-C). Furthermore, Fe1-Nx-C showed high stability and reusability in multiple cycles, maintaining high catalytic activity with pH range of 3–9. The addition of melamine can cause selective cleavage of C-N bonds, converting the central Fe-Nx sites into more active edge-defective Fe-Nx sites, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection confirmed the dominance of 1O2 in the degradation of Bisphenol AF (BPAF). Two possible pathways for BPAF degradation were proposed based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study provides a new way to design and construct Fe-N-C catalysts with ideal pore structures, and enhance the accessibility of active sites inside the catalysts.

High-efficiency catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shells over Ni2P/nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalysts

Catalytic pyrolysis is a cost-effective technology for high-quality biofuel production. Biomass is converted to bio-oil by a thermal process in the presence of a catalyst. Catalyst development influences the reaction-pathway control to form a specific product. Here, the catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shells was investigated on melamine-doped activated-carbon-supported Ni2P. Different amounts of melamine (25–100 wt% support) were loaded on activated carbon by impregnation and carbonization, while the Ni2P catalyst was fabricated by the co-impregnation of nickel nitrate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate. The interaction between nitrogen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface and Ni2P caused a uniform dispersion of small-sized crystalline Ni2P particles on the activated-carbon surface, reduced from 28.91 nm to 10.85 nm, as shown by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The Ni2P/CN catalyst exhibited high oxygen removal and alkylphenol selectivity (more than 63%) in the liquid product at 350 °C under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the Ni2P/CN catalyst described here exhibits good potential for high-selectivity catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to produce phenolic compounds, which have wide application in monomers and fuel additives.

Photocatalytic destruction of the products and waste of chemical and pharmaceutical industries

The photocatalytic method was proposed for the destruction of expired medicinal products and medical waste. The use of this method was investigated towards the reaction of photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic rifampicinum in water solutions. Unmodified mesoporous anatase and rutile and modified with C3N4 were used as photocatalysts. All powders were synthesized by thermal hydrolysis of TiCl4 solutions. The modified anatase and rutile were produced by calcination with various amounts of melamine in the inert atmosphere. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis were used to characterize the powders. It was established that only 19.8% of rifampicinum was destroyed under UV irradiation during 90 min. The percentage of degradation increases by 2.5 times in the presence of unmodified anatase and rutile and by 3.5 and 4 times in the presence of the modified samples, respectively.

MOF‐Derived Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Co/CoO@NC‐CNTs Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

AbstractLow‐cost and high‐efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts are the basis for large‐scale applications of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, cobalt and oxygen vacancy‐rich cobalt oxide encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon and carbon nanotubes (Co/CoO@NC‐CNTs) have been prepared by direct solid‐state pyrolysis of Co‐MOF. The carbon morphology, oxygen vacancy content and type of nitrogen can be finely tuned by mixing Co‐MOF with proper amounts of melamine. The optimized material has an interwoven CNT structure with abundant micro‐ and mesopores, suitable nitrogen type and certain number of oxygen vacancies and exhibiting outstanding ORR electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media with an onset potential of 0.96 V and a half‐wave potential of 0.88 V vs RHE, which is higher than 20 wt% Pt/C, as well as being highly stable and well resistant to methanol.

Influence of N doping on structural and photocatalytic properties of hydrothermally synthesized TiO2/carbon composites

N-doped TiO2/carbon composites (TiO2/CN) with different nitrogen content, were obtained starting from titanium isopropoxide and glucose, and by varying the amount of melamine, added to starting reaction mixture. For comparison, an undoped sample (TiO2/C) was also prepared. Structural and surface characteristics were determined through scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption? desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/CN composites was examined via photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and multiclass pharmaceuticals from water solution. It was found that N doping of TiO2/carbon composites induced changes in structural and surface characteristics of TiO2/CN composites, improving their adsorption, but decreasing photocatalytic efficiency. Nevertheless, TiO2/CN0.05 composite obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of glucose and 0.05 g melamine showed the highest efficiency for removing selected pharmaceuticals and methylene blue from aqueous solutions through the combined processes of adsorption in the dark, and photocatalytic degradation under UV and visible irradiation.

Improved curing reactivity, thermal resistance and mechanical properties of furylamine‐based benzoxazine using melamine as an amine source

AbstractBenzoxazine resin is known as a high‐performance thermosetting resin, but the relatively high curing temperature and low cross‐linking density limit its broad application. The furylamine based benzoxazines possess great comprehensive performances and show great potential as bio‐based materials. In this work, the benzoxazine precursors (BAfa‐ma) containing furylamine were synthesized by using melamine as diamine to promote the curing reactivity and thermal resistance of furylamine based benzoxazines. The Fourier transform infrared (FT‐TR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy were used to confirm the chemical structures of BAfa‐ma, and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to verify the curing behavior and performance of obtained polymers. It is showed that there are less benzoxazine rings in BAfa‐ma as more melamine introduced, on the contrary, more phenolic hydroxyls and secondary amines appeared as built‐in catalysts. What's more, BAfa‐ma have higher reactivity, shorter gelation time and lower curing temperature. Additionally, more melamine would lead to higher crosslinking density and higher thermal resistance, poly(BAfa‐70ma) shows Tg up to 318.6 and 76.4°C higher than that of poly(BAfa). Moreover, the mechanical and dielectric properties of the corresponding glass fiber reinforced composites laminates are also investigated, and it is found that proper amount of melamine may be beneficial for higher mechanical strength.

Synthesis, performance and structure characterization of glyoxal-monomethylolurea-melamine (G-MMU-M) co-condensed resin

In order to reduce the formaldehyde emission of formaldehyde-based wood adhesive from the source, it is aimed to develop a novel co-condensed resin of glyoxal-monomethylolurea-melamine (G-MMU-M). A series of G-MMU-M resins with various formulations of raw materials were successfully prepared. The basic properties and bonding performance of the G-MMU-M resins were determined. Furthermore, the structures of resins were characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, XPS, and ESI-MS. The results show that the prepared G-MMU-M resin remains stable for 30 d, meanwhile, the dry and wet bonding strength of the plywoods bonded with the resins, solid content and viscosity are influenced greatly by the addition amount of melamine and MMU/G molar ratio. The G-MMU-M resins with MMU/G molar ratio of 0.9:1.0 and 8% melamine exhibit the highest dry and bonding strength of 1.98 MPa and 1.27 MPa, increased by 34% and 63%, respectively, in comparison with glyoxal-monomethylolurea (G-MMU) resin. In the G-MMU-M resins, there were four main oligomers including M—CH(—+CH-MMU)-O-MMU, M−CH(—CH2OH)-MMU-O-MMU, M—CH(—OH)—+CH-MMU-O-MMU, and M—CH(—+CH-MMU)-MMU-p-G.

Mesopore-dominated porous carbon derived from vinasse for high performance supercapacitors with different electrolytes

Porous carbon electrode materials with appropriate proportion of hierarchical pores are critical for high performance supercapacitors. Here, a mesopore-dominated hierarchical porous carbon was reported. KOH, melamine (MA), and the carbonized vinasse were sequentially mixed using dry ball milling, the mixture was pyrolyzed to acquire mesopore-dominated porous carbon. The pore structure can be controlled by adjusting the addition amount of melamine. The optimal sample with high meso-porosity, large total pore volume, ultrahigh specific surface area (SSA) and hydrophilicity makes it performs quite well in different electrolytes. A high specific capacity of 413 F g −1 was achieved and retained 267 F g −1 at a high rate of 50 A g −1 with excellent capacitance retention (107 % after 10000 cycles). The symmetrical supercapacitor gained a superior energy density of 16.7 Wh kg −1 , 21.2 Wh kg −1 , 54.0 Wh kg −1 in 6 M KOH, 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , 1 M Et 4 NBF 4 /ACN electrolyte, respectively. This work opens a new strategy for the preparation and high-efficient application of biomass porous carbon materials in energy storage. • Mesopore-dominant vinasse-based porous carbon. • Innovatively using dry ball milling to add melamine for mixing. • NVCP-1 with high SSA of 3442.97 m 2 g −1 and large pore volume of 2.41 cm 3 g −1 . • NVCP-1 shows excellent performance in three different electrolytes.

Safety level and risk assessment of melamine migration from food contact materials

The residuals of melamine from food contact materials (FCMs) can contaminate into foods. To protect consumer health, the European Union has issued Commission Regulation (EU) No 1282/2011 about specific migration limit (SML) of melamine at 2.5 mg/kg. Therefore, this research was to study the migration of melamine from FCMs which were collected from local markets in 4 regions including Central, Northeast, North and South by using 3% (w/v) acetic acid and high performance - liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction method was performed at 70 °C for 2 hours. The amounts of melamine in samples were tested to estimate dietary exposure. The average of melamine content was found at 13.5 mg kg-1 for all types of FCMs. This result had been evaluated for the exposure assessment of melamine and found that various kinds of foods such as rice, fresh milk, beverage and water have high risk depending on food type, age, intake and food packaging used. The highest risk was found in fresh milk for aged 0-3 years and drinking water for aged more than 3 years at 97.5 percentile and eater only. Therefore, the food types with high consumption may have been concerned high risk and avoid misuse of melamine containers in order to prevent a health hazard.

1 D CeO2/g-C3N4 type II heterojunction for visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• One-dimensional hollow tubular CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions were prepared by electrospinning and vapor deposition. • The recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes is effectively inhibited by one-dimensional hollow tubular morphology and binary heterojunction structure. • CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 improves the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance and has good cycle stability. Hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production using solar energy is considered to a relatively green technology. In this study, we prepared one-dimensional hollow tubular CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 materials with heterojunctions by electrospinning and vapor deposition. When the amount of melamine used in vapor deposition was 1.5 g, CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composites showed the strongest photocatalytic hydrogen production activity (229.75 μmolg −1 ·h −1 ). Meanwhile, the CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 -1.5 g composite has good photocatalytic hydrogen production stability, and at the end of this paper, we propose a possible photocatalytic hydrogen production mechanism. It was well known that the improvement of photocatalytic hydrogen production activity was mainly on account of the regulation of its one-dimensional morphology and the formation of heterostructures. Which it significantly broadens the responsiveness of the material to visible light, promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, and improves the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.

H2O2-assisted detection of melamine using fluorescent probe based on corn cob carbon dots-Ionic Liquid-Silver nanoparticles

In this work, a new sustainable melamine detection method was developed. Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) were successfully prepared by ionic liquid (1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, IL) hydrothermal method using agricultural waste corn cob as the carbon source, and combined with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to construct fluorescent probe CDs@IL-AgNPs. The probe was characterized and the formation mechanism of the probe was discussed. The direct detection of H2O2 and the indirect sensitive detection of melamine were realized. The detection limit of melamine was 0.94 μmol/L, which is far lower than the minimum allowable amount of melamine in milk powder (7.95 μmol/L). The high sensitivity and selectivity probe was used to detect melamine in commercial dairy products, and the recovery rate of standard addition was between 94 % and 110 %. This study provides valuable new application ideas for the detection of melamine in dairy products and the low-carbon and environmentally friendly treatment of agricultural waste.