Amount Of Me Research Articles

Me-Doped Ti-Me Intermetallic Thin Films Used for Dry Biopotential Electrodes: A Comparative Case Study.

In a new era for digital health, dry electrodes for biopotential measurement enable the monitoring of essential vital functions outside of specialized healthcare centers. In this paper, a new type of nanostructured titanium-based thin film is proposed, revealing improved biopotential sensing performance and overcoming several of the limitations of conventional gel-based electrodes such as reusability, durability, biocompatibility, and comfort. The thin films were deposited on stainless steel (SS) discs and polyurethane (PU) substrates to be used as dry electrodes, for non-invasive monitoring of body surface biopotentials. Four different Ti–Me (Me = Al, Cu, Ag, or Au) metallic binary systems were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The morphology of the resulting Ti–Me systems was found to be dependent on the chemical composition of the films, specifically on the type and amount of Me. The existence of crystalline intermetallic phases or glassy amorphous structures also revealed a strong influence on the morphological features developed by the different systems. The electrodes were tested in an in-vivo study on 20 volunteers during sports activity, allowing study of the application-specific characteristics of the dry electrodes, based on Ti–Me intermetallic thin films, and evaluation of the impact of the electrode–skin impedance on biopotential sensing. The electrode–skin impedance results support the reusability and the high degree of reliability of the Ti–Me dry electrodes. The Ti–Al films revealed the least performance as biopotential electrodes, while the Ti–Au system provided excellent results very close to the Ag/AgCl reference electrodes.

Synthesis of Highly Selective and Stable Co-Cr/SAPO-34 Catalyst for the Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethylene

In this study, silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-34 and Me (Me = Cr, Co)-modified SAPO-34 were synthesized and used as catalysts to investigate the catalytic performance by means of a probe reaction from ethanol to ethylene. The metal oxides were loaded on the SAPO-34 support via an impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, BET, and TGA techniques. Compared to SAPO-34, SAPO-34 doped with metal oxides showed the same chabazite (CHA) topology. The structure and properties of the catalyst were further optimized by varying the amount of Me. The experimental results showed that Co-Cr/SAPO-34 exhibited the best catalytic performance when the reaction temperature reached 400 °C at a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 3.5 h−1, for which the single-pass conversion of ethanol was determined as 99.15%, and the selectivity of ethylene was 99.4% at an optimum catalytic performance in the reaction of up to 600 min. In addition, Co-Cr/SAPO-34 exhibited better catalytic activity and anti-coking ability than pure SAPO-34, which was attributed to its enhanced pore structure and moderate acidity. It can also be concluded from the results of this experiment that the performance of the Co-Cr bimetal-supported catalyst is better than that of the Cr mono-metal catalyst.

Effect of dietary fat to starch content on fecal microbiota composition and activity in dogs1.

Dietary fat is known to modulate the hindgut microbiota in rodents; however, there is no clear evidence on the impact of high-fat diets on canine gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding of diets differing in the amount of ME provided by fat and starch on the composition and activity of canine fecal microbiota. Twelve adult (3 to 7 yr of age) spayed Beagle dogs received a low-fat-high-starch diet (LF-HS; approximately 23%, 42%, and 25% ME provided by fat, starch, and CP, respectively) and a high-fat-low-starch diet (HF-LS; approximately 43%, 22%, and 25% ME provided by fat, starch, and CP, respectively) following a 2-period crossover arrangement. The higher amount of fat in the HF-LS diet was provided by lard, whereas the higher amount of starch in the LF-HS diet was provided primarily by maize and broken rice. Each period lasted 7 wk and included 4 wk for diet adaptation. Dogs were fed to meet their daily energy requirements (set at 480 kJ ME/kg BW0.75). Fecal samples were collected on weeks 5 and 6 of each period for the analysis of bacterial richness, diversity, and composition [by Ion-Torrent next-generation sequencing], bile acids, ammonia, and VFA. Additional fecal samples were collected from four dogs per diet and period to use as inocula for in vitro fermentation using xylan and pectin as substrates. Gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h of incubation. On week 7, blood samples were collected at 0- and 180-min postfeeding for the analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Feeding the HF-LS diet led to a greater (P < 0.05) fecal bile acid concentration compared with the LF-HS diet. Bacterial richness and diversity did not differ between diets (P > 0.10). However, dogs showed a lower relative abundance of Prevotella (P < 0.01), Solobacterium (P < 0.05), and Coprobacillus (P ˂ 0.05) when fed of the HF-LS diet. Fecal ammonia and VFA contents were not affected by diet (P > 0.10). Relative to the LF-HS diet, in vitro fermentation of xylan using feces of dogs fed the HF-LS diet produced less gas at 6 h (P < 0.01) and 9 h (P < 0.05). Blood LPS did not increase at 180-min postfeeding with either diet (P < 0.10). These findings indicate that feeding a HF-LS diet to dogs does not affect bacterial diversity or fermentative end products in feces, but may have a negative impact on Prevotella and xylan fermentation.

Rheological properties and curing features of natural rubber compositions filled with fluoromica ME 100

This work aims at studying not only the rheological behavior of natural rubber-based compositions by making use of different contents of fluoromica or ME 100 synthetic mica in a natural rubber (NR) matrix, but also the different filler-filler and matrix-filler interactions before and after curing. The ME 100 content in NR varied from 0 to 10 phr (parts per hundred parts of resin) and the results enabled to conclude on the influence of the mineral filler on the curing parameters, as well as on the limit amount of ME 100 for the best performance resulting from the best filler distribution/interaction in the polymer matrix. All data were compared with those of the unfilled composition. Based on complex viscosity, curing parameters, dynamic modulus and Payne effect tests it was concluded that the mica content limit for the best performance was 7 phr.

Low protein and high-energy diet: a possible natural cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in caged White Leghorn laying hens

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic condition of chicken and other birds caused by diverse nutritional, hormonal, environmental, and metabolic factors. Here we studied the effect of different diet composition on the induction of FLHS in single comb White Leghorn (WL) Hy-line laying hens. Seventy six (76) young WL (26 wks old) laying hens and 69 old hens (84 wks old) of the same breed were each divided into 4 treatment groups and provided 4 different diet treatments. The diet treatments included: control (C), 17.5% CP, 3.5% fat (F); normal protein, high fat (HF), 17.5% CP, 7% F; low protein, normal fat (LP), 13% CP, 3.5% F; and low protein, high fat (LPHF), 13% CP, 6.5% F. The diets containing high fat also had a higher ME of 3,000 kcal/kg of feed while the other 2 diets with normal fat had a regular lower amount of ME (2750 kcal/kg). Hen-day egg production (HDEP), ADFI, BW, egg weight, plasma enzymes indicating liver damage (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]), liver and abdominal fat weight, liver color score (LCS), liver hemorrhagic score (LHS), liver fat content (LFC), liver histological examination, lipid peroxidation product in the liver, and genes indicating liver inflammation were evaluated. HDEP, ADFI, BW, and egg weight were significantly decreased in the LPHF diet group, while egg weight was also decreased in the LP diet group. In the young hens (LPHF group), ALP was found significantly higher at 30 d of diet treatment and was numerically higher throughout the experiment, while AST was significantly higher at 105 d of treatment. LCS, LHS, and LFC were significantly higher in young hens on the LPHF diet treatment. A liver histological examination shows more lipid vacuolization in the LPHF treatment diet. HF or LP alone had no significant effect on LFC, LHS, or LCS. We suggest that LP in the diet with higher ME from fat can be a possible natural cause for predisposing laying hens to FLHS.

DFT study on surface properties and dissolution trends of Al(100) surfaces doped with Zn, Ga, In, Sn and Pb

Abstract In this paper, the properties and dissolution trends of the surfaces doped with different metal atoms on the Al(1 0 0) surface were investigated by the density functional theory calculations. A surface impurity model was proposed by replacing the topmost surface layer Al atoms by Me (Me = Zn, Ga, In, Sn and Pb) atoms with the coverage of 1/9, 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 monolayer, respectively. Results show that the surface energy of Me–Al(1 0 0) surfaces depends primarily on the nature of the impurity atom species and the monolayer coverage. The work function of Me–Al surfaces is smaller than that of pure Al(1 0 0) surface, and decreases almost linearly with the amount of Me. It is found that the Me–Al alloys are more easily dissolvable than the pure Al, due to the fact that the electrochemical dissolution potential shifts were negative for all Me–Al(1 0 0) surfaces with respect to the clean pure Al(1 0 0) surface.

Effect of dietary protein level on growth performance, indicators of enteric health, and gastrointestinal microbial ecology of weaned pigs induced with postweaning colibacillosis1,2

The effect of dietary CP level on performance, enteric health, and gastrointestinal microbial ecology of weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 was investigated in a 14-d study. Forty weaned pigs (BW = 5.32 +/- 0.24 kg, mean +/- SD), housed 4 per pen, were randomly assigned to 2 diets (5 pens/diet): 1) 22.5% CP or 2) 17.6% CP supplemented with AA. Diets contained the same amount of ME and standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, and Trp based on the ideal protein ratio. Isoleucine and Val were added to the 17.6% CP diet up to the level in the 22.5% CP diet. On d 8 postweaning, pigs were challenged with 6 mL of ETEC suspension (10(10) cfu/mL) by gavage. Feed disappearance and BW were measured on d 7, 9, 10, 12, and 14 for determination of ADG, ADFI, and G:F. One pig from each pen was serially slaughtered on -1, 3, and 7 d postchallenge (10 pigs/d of slaughter) to evaluate gut morphology, and gut microbial ecology and metabolites. Pigs fed the 22.5% CP diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than those fed the 17.6% CP diet before infection, but performance was similar between the 2 diets after ETEC challenge and overall. On d 3 after challenge, ETEC was not detected in the ileal digesta of pigs fed the 17.6% CP diet but was detected in the ileal digesta of 80% of pigs fed the 22.5% CP diet (5.22 +/- 1.07 cfu/g, mean +/- SD). Pigs fed the 17.6% CP diet had a greater (P < 0.01) prevalence of order Clostridiales (73 vs. 50%), family Lachnospiraceae (43 vs. 18%), and genus Roseburia (13 vs. 3%) in the colon digesta 7 d after challenge compared with those fed the 22.5% CP diet. The richness and diversity of bacteria in the colon digesta were less (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the 17.6% CP diet than in those fed the 22.5% CP diet at -1, 3, and 7 d postchallenge. Pigs fed the 22.5% CP diet had greater (P < 0.05) ammonia N concentration in the colon digesta on -1 and 7 d after challenge compared with those fed the 17.6% CP diet. Pigs fed the 22.5% CP diet had deeper (P < 0.05) crypts 1 d before challenge, shorter villi 3 d after challenge, and reduced villus height:crypt depth 1 d before and 3 d after challenge compared with those fed the 17.6% CP diet. In conclusion, a reduction in the dietary CP level of weaned pigs from 22.5 to 17.6% with AA supplementation impaired growth performance before, but not after, the ETEC challenge and increased the relative composition of butyrate producing bacteria in the colon digesta after ETEC challenge.

Concentration effect of the solutions for alumina template ac filling by metal arrays

The influence of the c Me z+ in acidic solutions of Cu, Ni, Co, and Sn salts on the amount of deposited metal, m Me, by ac electrolysis in the pores of various alumina templates grown in commonly used aluminium anodizing solutions of sulfuric, oxalic, phosphoric and chromo-boric acids was investigated. Behaviour of the porous alumina under ac voltage control manifests itself through m Me– c Me z+ parabola dependencies. The peaks of m Me– c Me z+ plots was found to be dependent on the alumina pore diameter, d p, and composition of the metal salt solution used. An increase in d p and decrease in a solution pH shifts m Me versus c Me z+ dependencies and the optimal c Me z+ toward smaller solution concentrations. From the results of the voltammetric and chronopotentiometric studies a surprisingly large value of a few seconds of the transition time for hydrogen ions discharge, occurring before the metal ion reduction at the bottom of alumina pores, was obtained. This result makes it reasonable to suggest that the amount of Me(OH) x , formed in the pore base region due to the hydrogen evolution from the acidic solutions with bulk concentration 0.1–0.2 M, is the most favourable to the deposition of metal arrays at the highest rate if 13.5≤ d p≤37.5 nm.

Palladium/Me3SiOTf‐Catalyzed Bis‐silylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Without Involving Oxidative Addition of Disilane.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Palladium/Me(3)SiOTf-catalyzed bis-silylation of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds without involving oxidative addition of disilane.

In the presence of a catalytic amount of Me(3)SiOTf and palladium(0), the addition of disilane to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds proceeds under very mild conditions via eta(3)-siloxyallylpalladium generated by the reaction of enone, enal, or aromatic aldehyde with palladium and Me(3)SiOTf.

Effect of sources of maize and maize particle sizes on the utilization of phytate phosphorus in broiler chicks

Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of sources of maize and maize particle sizes on the utilization of phytate P in broiler chicks fed on maize–soyabean meal diets deficient in P. In Experiment 1, maize from four consignments was ground separately using the same milling facility. Four maize–soyabean diets representing each maize source, and two control diets made of maize-starch–soyabean meal (maize starch control diet) and maize–soyabean meal-casein (casein control diet) were tested. The maize starch control diet was used to evaluate the ability of chicks to utilize phytate P when they were provided solely by soyabean meal. The casein control diet had similar amounts of total P as the diets containing the four maize sources, but part of the maize and soyabean meal was substituted with casein so that the diet contained greater amounts of available P and less phytate P. Experiment 2 was conducted on a 3×2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three diets each containing maize differing in geometric mean diameter (GMD), and two levels of dietary phytase at 0 and 600FTU/kg. Sources of maize significantly (p<0.05) influenced Ca, total P, and phytate P utilization, and the amount of ME derived from the diets. Only 0.248 of soyabean meal phytate P was utilized by the chicks fed on the maize starch control diet. Substituting part of the maize and soyabean meal with casein did not affect the total P utilization but reduced Ca utilization, possibly due to the binding of Ca in the gut with phytate P not utilized by the chicks. Maize particle sizes significantly (p<0.05) affected utilization of Ca, total P, and phytate P. The coarser the GMD (894 vs 573 and 484μm), the greater the utilization of these nutrients. There were no two-way interaction effects of particle sizes and phytase.

A Dramatic Effect of a Catalytic Amount of Lead on the Simmons-Smith Reaction and Formation of Alkylzinc Compounds from Iodoalkanes. Reactivity of Zinc Metal: Activation and Deactivation

A trace amount of lead found in zinc derivedfrom the pyrometallurgy smelting method decreases the reactivity of zinc toward diiodomethane and iodoalkanes substantially, and this negative effect can be suppressed by the addition of a catalytic amount of Me 3 SiCl

Synthesis of poly(monocyclic orthocarbonates) by polycondensation with silylated diphenols

Various poly(monocyclic orthocarbonate)s were synthesized by the polycondensation of 2,2-dichloro-1,3-benzodioxide (1) with a variety of silylated diphenols and their properties were examined. Polycondensation of 1 with silylated Bisphenol A (2) in bulk at room temperature proceeded under the catalysis of HCl or Bu 4 NF to give high yields of the corresponding poly(monocyclic orthocarbonate) (10) but was very slow with catalysts such as Me 3 SiCl, BF 3 OEt 2 , and CsF orwithout catalyst. In bulk polycondensation, 10 (M n =29100) was obtained quantitatively when Bisphenol A (BPA) was used as catalyst, where a quantitative amount of Me 3 SiCl was recovered as a byproduct

A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of methionine-enkephalin in human pituitary tissues

Picomole amounts of endogenous methionine-enkephalin (ME = YGGFM) were quantified in 11 individual human pituitaries by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry methods. Quantification was based either upon the comparison of the molecular ion (MH+) current of endogenous ME versus the current of a deuterated ME internal standard (d5-ME) or, similarly, upon the unimolecular decomposition MH+----YGGF-+ In the first field-free region to produce the unique tetrapeptide fragment ion. The latter method used the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Native ME was purified with an octadecylsilyl (ODS) disposable cartridge and with multidimensional reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The amounts of ME determined were 18.26 +/- 19.98 ng of ME/mg of protein with the MH+ method and 15.28 +/- 16.59 ng of ME/mg of protein with the MRM method. A fraction (ca. 4%) of the total amount of ME from one pituitary was used to acquire these quantitative data, and ca. half of the remaining amount of a separate sample (no d5-ME added) was used to obtain a linked scan at constant B/E (B, magnetic field; E, electric field) of the ME MH+ at 574 u to produce the amino acid sequence determining fragment ions at m/z 297, 354, 411, 397, 278, and 425 u corresponding to Y2", Y3", Y4", A4, B3, and B4, respectively. That product ion spectrum was similar to a scan of 100 ng of synthetic ME. We calculated that the amount of pentapeptide for the MRM experiments corresponded to a total of 30 ng (52 pmol) of ME on the probe tip during quantification. On the other hand, we estimated that 3 times more, or 90 ng (156 pmol), ME was on the probe tip during acquisition of the product ion spectrum.

Reactions of alkynes with coordinatively unsaturated (.eta.5-C5Me5)Ru derivatives. X-ray crystal structures of (.eta.5-C5Me5)Cl2Ru(.eta.2:.eta.4-.mu.2-C4H4)Ru(.eta.5-C5Me5) and (.eta.5-C5Me5)3Ru3(.mu.2-Cl)2(.mu.3-Cl)(.eta.2-.mu.2-HC.tplbond.CSiMe3)

Reaction of acetylene with Cp*Ru(P i Pr 3 )Cl or [Cp*Ru(μ 3 -Cl)] 4 (Cp*=η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) gives good yields of the dinuclear ruthenacyclopentadiene complex Cp*Cl 2 Ru(η 2 :η 4 -μ 2 -C 4 H 4 )RuCp* (1). Alkylation of 1 with MeMgBr affords the dimethyl complex Cp*Me 2 Ru(η 2 :η 4 -μ 2 -C 4 H 4 )RuCp* (2). Reaction of [Cp*Ru(μ 3 -Cl)] 4 with Me 3 SiC≡CH produces the cyclobutadiene complex Cp*Ru[η 4 -C 4 H 2 (SiMe 3 ) 2 ]Cl (3). If [Cp*Ru(M 3 -Cl)] 4 is allowed to react with a limited amount of Me 3 SiC≡CH (ca. 1 equiv), a triruthenium cluster containing one alkyne ligand may be isolated in high yield. This compound, Cp* 3 Ru 3 (μ 2 -Cl) 2 (μ 3 -Cl)(η 2 -μ 2 -HC≡CSiMe 3 ) (5), is unstable in solution but was characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography

Mixed crystals between binary sulphides or selenides with spinel structure

The miscibility between two binary sulphides (selenides) with spinel structure is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction data and measurements of the magnetic properties. In all cases studied (Table 2) a large miscibility is found except for MeCr 2Se 4-CuCr 2Se 4 (Me = Zn, Cd, Hg), Co 3S 4-CuCr 2S 4 and Co 3S 4-CoRh 2S 4. The electrical conduction in Me 1− x Cu x Cr 2Se 4 [(Me = Zn, Cd, Hg) and some magnetic quantities of CoRh 2− x Cr xS 4 and Zn 1− x Cd xCr 2Se 4 are measured. The replacement of a small amount of Me by Cu in MeCr 2Se 4 causes a considerable lowering of the resistivity, which is attributed to the presence of monovalent copper. In CoRh 2− x Cr x S 4 the change from ferrimagnetic CoCr 2S 4 to antiferromagnetic CoRh 2S 4 takes place via Néel's coupling scheme for x #62; 1.65 and Yafet-Kittels' triangular configuration for x < 1.65. In CoRh 1.75Cr 0.25S 4 a transition from the ferrimagnetic to the paramagnetic state occurs via an antiferromagnetic state. In Zn 1− x Cd xCr 2Se 4 the change from a helical spin configuration in ZnCr 2Se 4 to ferromagnetic CdCr 2Se 4 is discussed on the basis of positive CrSeCr and negative CrSeSeCr interactions, use being made of our own measurements and data given in the literature.