Amount Of Interdependence Research Articles

Consensus in work role requirements: The influence of discrete occupational context on role expectations.

Although role theory has long described how expectations shape role behavior, little empirical research has examined differences among work role requirements and how features of the discrete occupational context may influence the extent to which role expectations are shared among role holders. The authors examined consensus in work role requirements from a sample of over 20,000 incumbents across 98 occupations. They found that consensus systematically decreased as work role requirements ranged from molecular tasks to responsibilities to molar traits. In addition, they found that consensus in these work role requirements was significantly influenced by the amount of interdependence, autonomy, and routinization present in the surrounding task and social contexts.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the manufacturing–marketing interface: an information-processing theory view

The manufacturing–marketing interface has received substantial consideration in the operations management literature. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of information systems in facilitating manufacturing–marketing integration. As integrated cross-functional systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are well-suited to provide manufacturing–marketing integration. Based on information-processing theory, the central proposition of this paper is the greater the interdependence between manufacturing and marketing, the greater the benefit of ERP. Specifically, the first hypothesis (H1) states that the greater ERP-enabled coordination between manufacturing and marketing, the greater the benefit of ERP to the plant. The second hypothesis (H2) states that the degree to which ERP-enabled manufacturing–marketing coordination improvements are realized depends on the amount of interdependence between manufacturing and marketing. Using multiple regression, the model is tested on survey data from 107 manufacturing plants running ERP. The data support H1 and H2. These findings support the general proposition that interdependence between functions is one factor that influences the degree to which organizations reap benefits from their ERP investments. Based on the ERP literature, the model controls for the amount of time that ERP has been running in the plant; this factor was found to be insignificant in the model. However, exploratory analysis finds that time is associated with other ERP benefits.

Using symbolic computing in building probabilistic models for atoms

AbstractThis article shows how symbolic computing and the mathematical formalism induced by maximizing entropy and minimizing the mean deviation from statistical equilibrium may be effectively applied to obtaining probabilistic models for the structure of atoms, using trial wave functions compatible with an average shell picture of the atom. The objective is not only to recover the experimental value of the ground state mean energy of the atom, but rather to better approximate the unknown parameters of these trial functions and to calculate both correlations between electrons and the amount of interdependence among different subsets of electrons of the atoms. The examples and numerical results refer to the hydrogen, helium, lithium, and beryllium atoms. The main computer programs, using the symbolic computing software MATHEMATICA, are also given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006

Simple models of coevolutionary genetic algorithms

The use of evolutionary computing techniques in coevolutionary/multiagent systems is becoming increasingly popular. This paper presents some simple models of the genetic algorithm in such systems, with the aim of examining the effects of different types of interdependence between individuals. Using the models, it is shown that for a fixed amount of interdependence between homogeneous coevolving individuals, the existence of partner gene variance, gene symmetry, and the level at which fitness is applied can have significant effects. Similarly, for heterogeneous coevolving systems with fixed interdependence, partner gene variance and fitness application are also found to have a significant effect, as is the partnering strategy used.

Trial wave functions for multielectron atoms

The study shows how the formalism induced by the minimum mean deviation from statistical equilibrium may be effectively applied to more complex atoms to obtain trial wave functions compatible with a shell picture of the atom. The objective is not only to recover the experimental value of the ground-state mean energy of the atom but rather to better approximate the unknown parameters of these trial functions and to calculate both correlations between electrons and the amount of interdependence among different subsets of electrons of the atoms. The examples and numerical results refer to the hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron atoms. The main computer program is also given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 81: 389–408, 2001

A taxonomy for alternative equipment groupings in batch environments

There is much ambiguity and variation in what the term cellular manufacturing refers to in both academia and industry. To help clarify the definition of cellular manufacturing a taxonomy for equipment groupings in batch environments is presented. The taxonomy categorizes equipment groupings on two continuous dimensions: the purpose for grouping equipment together into cells, and the amount of interdependence between the cells. Operational implications and insights obtained by mapping academic studies and actual case studies onto the taxonomy are discussed.

INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY: A REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE: XIII

The review begins by looking at the current debate in Australia over charges for interlending. Apart from the practical issue of raising money, the debate has broadened into a political one about charging for publicly funded services. One solution suggested is that the public library sector operates one system and the academic another. The problem of cancellations and resource sharing is examined in Belgium, where it has been planned; Australia, where it has not; and Hungary, where plans are urgently sought. A recent ICSTI report highlights the role of serials in document delivery and attempts to provide a methodology by which data on use can be monitored without involving high expenditure. A detailed study of interlending in Southern Africa emphasizes the amount of interdependence in the region and provides data not available previously on patterns of traffic. The origins of ILL requests can provide useful data for collection development but their diversity is emphasized by a little survey from the USA. Actually moving documents about is a matter given little attention, but a study of the UK system provides a valuable insight into how this is done in a compact geographical area, whereas in France the chaotic postal regulations cause numerous problems. The application of a theory from population studies to ILL looks attractive but is largely untested and founded on doubtful premises. The involvement of state agencies in the USA when setting up ILL systems varies and a contrast is drawn between the situation in Massachusetts, where the Library Board have taken the lead, and a more general study of state involvement which sees that role as largely to encourage and provide a suitable ‘atmosphere’ in which co‐operation can develop. The study of Southern Africa leads to the development of the idea that the national bookstock should be built up in response to demand rather than availability, a theory supported by the reported growth in international demand from Bulgaria as it expands its economy. Finally, for those feeling depressed by the type of work they do or their status, there is encouragement in a paper dealing with just these problems and concluding that the ILL librarian is a vital part of the whole information network.

Power Balance and Staff Conflict in Correctional Institutions

As a part of a larger study of correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents, an attempt was made to account for the level and patterns of staff conflict in five institutions. Analysis reveals that the level of conflict is lowest in the most custodial institutions, and is higher in institutions with mixed goals or predominantly treatment goals. The pattern of staff conflict is found to be linked to the power balance in the institution, the degree of divergent perspectives among groups, and the amount of interdependence and intercommunication among groups. Since custodial and treatment institutions allocate power among cottage parents and social service workers differently, the patterns of conflict are also linked to institutional goals. Some implications of continuous problem solving and high conflict for organizational operation are discussed. Mayer N. Zald is assistant professor of sociology, University of Chicago.

The Status of the United States Forces in English Law

It is proposed to deal in this article with the English law concerning the legal status of the United States forces present in the territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland during the present war. The history of, and the controversies regarding, the legal position of friendly armed forces on foreign territory in international law remain outside of the scope of the present survey, which is devoted to the municipal aspect of the matter. In order, however, to give a picture of the whole body of English law applicable to the American forces we shall include a few remarks on the development of the question in English municipal and British imperial law, and it will also be necessary to compare the provisions concerning the United States forces with those regulating the status of the other allied and associated forces at present stationed in the British Isles, as well as with the provisions regarding visiting Dominion troops. As will be seen later there has been a certain amount of interdependence between international and interimperial relations with regard to the legal problem with which we are concerned.