Amount Of Instability Research Articles

TEMPORAL INSIGHTS: ASSESSING THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RICE IN INDIA

The study analyzed the growth, decomposition and instability of rice with regard to parameters such as area, production and yield bewtween 1970-’71 and 2019-’20 through the utilization of time series data. The findings indicated a notable expansion in the cultivation area of rice over the decades, except during the periods of 1980-’90 and 2010-’20. There was a declining trend in the area during the 2000-’10 decade. Production displayed a substantial increase throughout all decades and the overall study period. Yield demonstrated a minimal increase in the initial decade, followed by a substantial increase in all subsequent decades. The decomposition analysis revealed that the influence of the cultivation area on rice production was more prominent compared to the impact of yield during the studied time intervals. Yield’s influence was more pronounced during the 1970-’80 and 1990-’00 decades than in all other decades, while the interaction effect was relatively less significant. The stability of rice production was found to be the most precarious factor, followed by yield, with area exhibiting the least amount of instability. Policymakers need to prioritize research to boost rice yield, ensuring sustained production growth and implementing diversified cultivation strategies and resilient practices to counteract production instability.

Outcomes of pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in patients with and without bucket handle meniscus repairs.

The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of concomitant bucket handle meniscal tear (BHMT) repair and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to compare the outcomes with those after isolated ACL reconstruction in patients aged ≤16 years. Patients in our database from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were assigned to one of two treatment groups based on the presence of BHMTs: no meniscal tear group (group A) and BHMT group (group B). All BHMTs were repaired using the combined inside-out with all-inside technique. This study included 64 knees divided into two groups: 47 knees in group A and 17 knees in group B. There was a significant difference in the interval between ACL injury and surgery between groups A and B (69 vs. 150 days, respectively; P < 0.001). Mean postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores in group A were slightly, although significantly, improved compared to those in group B (96.5 vs. 92.6, respectively; P < 0.05, and 98 vs. 95, respectively; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative anteroposterior laxity and graft failure rate between the groups. In group B, four patients (23.5%) required surgery for incomplete meniscal healing. Postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores of patients with BHMTs were significantly lower than those of patients without any meniscal tear, although with significant improvement in the amount of instability. Level of evidence was Level III.

ANALYSIS OF PREPARED ACOUSTIC BOARDS FROM NATURAL WASTE MATERIALS USING ACTRAN SOFTWARE AND ITS APPLICATION

The investigations focus on analyzing acoustic enclosures intended for noisy Chemical Engineering equipment made out of natural waste materials namely corn cobs, corn stovers and banana stalks using Actran Software with the parameters of study being the comparison between different dimensions of enclosure and material properties of different substances used. Upto 50 Hz frequency, there was no evident distinction in the Pressure-map between two dimensions of enclosures, while beyond 50 Hz, there was a difference with the larger enclosure encountering greater pressure intensities as well as greater ranges of pressure intensities. In the frequency range of 40 Hz - 75 Hz for the smaller enclosure and 30 Hz - 65 Hz for the larger, there was a significant effect of the changing material properties on the sound absorbing ability of the enclosure. When the two plots of enclosures for changing material properties were compared, some amount of instability in the graphs of the three materials was encountered at higher frequencies in the case of the larger enclosure. Upon analyzing the results, banana stalks showed better sound absorption potential followed by corn cobs and corn stovers at frequencies in the range 40 Hz - 70 Hz.

ANALYSIS OF PREPARED ACOUSTIC BOARDS FROM NATURAL WASTE MATERIALS USING ACTRAN SOFTWARE AND ITS APPLICATION

The investigations focus on analyzing acoustic enclosures intended for noisy Chemical Engineering equipment made out of natural waste materials namely corn cobs, corn stovers and banana stalks using Actran Software with the parameters of study being the comparison between different dimensions of enclosure and material properties of different substances used. Upto 50 Hz frequency, there was no evident distinction in the Pressure-map between two dimensions of enclosures, while beyond 50 Hz, there was a difference with the larger enclosure encountering greater pressure intensities as well as greater ranges of pressure intensities. In the frequency range of 40 Hz - 75 Hz for the smaller enclosure and 30 Hz - 65 Hz for the larger, there was a significant effect of the changing material properties on the sound absorbing ability of the enclosure. When the two plots of enclosures for changing material properties were compared, some amount of instability in the graphs of the three materials was encountered at higher frequencies in the case of the larger enclosure. Upon analyzing the results, banana stalks showed better sound absorption potential followed by corn cobs and corn stovers at frequencies in the range 40 Hz - 70 Hz.

ANALYSIS OF PREPARED ACOUSTIC BOARDS FROM NATURAL WASTE MATERIALS USING ACTRAN SOFTWARE AND ITS APPLICATION

The investigations focus on analyzing acoustic enclosures intended for noisy Chemical Engineering equipment made out of natural waste materials namely corn cobs, corn stovers and banana stalks using Actran Software with the parameters of study being the comparison between different dimensions of enclosure and material properties of different substances used. Upto 50 Hz frequency, there was no evident distinction in the Pressure-map between two dimensions of enclosures, while beyond 50 Hz, there was a difference with the larger enclosure encountering greater pressure intensities as well as greater ranges of pressure intensities. In the frequency range of 40 Hz - 75 Hz for the smaller enclosure and 30 Hz - 65 Hz for the larger, there was a significant effect of the changing material properties on the sound absorbing ability of the enclosure. When the two plots of enclosures for changing material properties were compared, some amount of instability in the graphs of the three materials was encountered at higher frequencies in the case of the larger enclosure. Upon analyzing the results, banana stalks showed better sound absorption potential followed by corn cobs and corn stovers at frequencies in the range 40 Hz - 70 Hz.

When and How to Operate Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis?

Fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) are an entity with an increasing frequency. The characteristics of these fractures are different from pelvic ring fractures in younger adults. There is a low energy instead of a high energy trauma mechanism. Due to a specific and consistent decrease of bone mineral density, typical fractures in the anterior and posterior pelvic ring occur. Bilateral sacral ala fractures are frequent. A new classification system distinguishes between four categories with increasing loss of stability. The subtypes represent different localizations of fractures. The primary goal of treatment is restoring mobility and independency. Depending on the amount of instability, conservative or surgical treatment is recommended. The operative technique should be as less invasive as possible. When the broken posterior pelvic ring is fixed operatively, a surgical fixation of the anterior pelvic ring should be considered as well. FFP Type I can be treated conservatively. In many cases, FFP Type II can also be treated conservatively. When conservative treatment fails, percutaneous fixation is performed. FFP Type III and FFP Type IV are treated operatively. The choice of the operation technique is depending on the localization of the fracture. Iliosacral screw osteosynthesis, transsacral bar osteosynthesis, transiliac internal fixation, and iliolumbar fixation are alternatives for stabilization of the posterior pelvic ring. Plate osteosynthesis, retrograde transpubic screw, and anterior internal fixation are alternatives for stabilization of the anterior pelvic ring. Postoperatively, early mobilization, with weight bearing as tolerated, is started. Simultaneously, bone metabolism is also analyzed and its defects compensated. Medical comorbidities should be identified and treated with the help of a multidisciplinary team.

Can Physical Examination Create a Stener Lesion?

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a Stener lesion can be created while testing stability of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb. Testing was performed in a manner that reproduced clinical examination. Six fresh frozen hand and forearm specimens underwent sequential sectioning of the accessory UCL, the proper UCL, and the ulnar sagittal band. Measurements of radial deviation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint were taken with the thumb in neutral rotation, pronation and supination, both with 0 degrees and with 30 degrees of flexion of the MCP joint. Visual examination was performed to assess the presence of a Stener lesion. No Stener lesion was created in any position as long as the fascial origin of the ulnar sagittal band at the adductor pollicis longus remained intact. After creating a defect in the ulnar sagittal band, a Stener lesion was created in two specimens, but only when the thumb was flexed and supinated. Pronation provided more stability, and supination provided less stability, with one or both components cut, especially when testing at 30° of flexion. Compared to both components cut without flexion or rotation, there was a statistically significant difference in angulation with the 30 degrees of MCP joint flexion in both neutral rotation in supination. Performing a physical examination to assess the amount of instability of an ulnar collateral ligament injury did not create a Stener lesion if the exam was performed in a controlled, gentle manner with the thumb held without rotation. If the thumb is held in neutral rotation during the exam, an iatrogenic Stener lesion should not be created.

Analysis of service surrender queue model in fuzzy system

In this communication, the queuing system has two different types of queues namely primary and secondary queue. The existence of secondary queue is possible only when server has limited services to provide, and the system has a characteristic of service surrender facility. The paper deals with the analytical study of such system in which the parameter of the primary queue is probabilistic while parameter of the secondary queue is considered totally uncertain. We are the first to apply fuzzy logic to deal with the secondary queue. The average waiting time in the system by a customer and service wastage rate has been explored in our study through fuzzy arithmetic using α-cut. The service wastage rate is helpful in finding the level of amount of instability in the system when the secondary queue is in existence and is fuzzified.

The bi‐modal organization

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assist an organization to restructure as a bi‐modal organization in order to achieve sustainability in today's highly complex business world.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual and is based on relevant literature and the authors' research and practice.FindingsAlthough fluid self‐organizing networks are the natural state for humankind, in most organizations “organizing” entails the process of autopoiesis. This process does not produce the open fluid organization that is required for success in today's business world. While autopoiesis is taking place, informal socialization is taking place across the organization's interpersonal networks. Under supportive conditions, this leads to the development of a bi‐modal organization where one or more open systems may emerge and co‐exist concurrently with the autopoietic system; these open systems include fluid networks and complex adaptive system. The bi‐modal organization achieves sustainability by balancing a certain amount of organization versus a certain amount of instability, leading to predictability with disorder, and planned long‐term strategy achieved through many concurrent short‐term actions.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research will involve an empirical study that will further examine the bi‐modal organization, its development, and its properties.Practical implicationsThe systems that surround a business organization now and for the foreseeable future are highly dynamic, competitive, and socially individualized, and demand a new organizational form and competencies that may only be exhibited by a bi‐modal organization based on an open system. The paper describes how an organization can restructure to become a bi‐modal organization.Social implicationsThe paper should help improve quality of work‐life and organizational structure.Originality/valueThe paper describes a new organizational form designed to flourish in today's complex business contexts.

Image Preprocessing Methods to Identify Micro-cracks of Road Pavement

Standards of highway conservation and maintenance are improved gradually following the improvement of requirements of road service. Before obvious damage such as obvious cracking (block，transverse, longitudinal ) and rutting emerge, inconspicuous distress (micro-cracks, polishing, pockmarked) is generated previously. These inconspicuous distresses may provide basis and criteria for pavement preventive maintenance. Currently most of preventive conservation measures are determined by experienced experts in maintenance and repair of road after site visits. Thus method is difficult in operation, and has a certain amount of instability as it is based on experience and personal knowledge. In this paper, camera and laser were used for automated high-speed acquisition images. Methods to preprocess pavement image are compared. The pretreatment method suitable for analyze micro-cracks picture is elected, an effective way to remove shadow is also proposed.

Worker Satisfaction Following Employment Restructuring: Effects of Nonstandard Workers and Downsizing on Job Satisfaction in Taiwan

Since the 1980s, many employment relationships in Taiwan have evolved from regular and long-term to contingent and short-term, with widespread downsizing adding a considerable amount of instability. Since these changes are part of a global trend, there is a growing literature concerning their influences on worker attitudes and work life quality. Here we analyze the impacts of changing employment practices on the quality of work life among Taiwanese workers, specifically analyzing the effects of nonstandard work arrangements and downsizing on job satisfaction. Data are from the 2005 Taiwan Social Change Survey, First Wave of the Fifth Phase: Work and Life Module. Our two main findings are (a) degree of use of nonstandard workers exerts a range of negative impacts on job satisfaction among regular workers, and (b) degree of downsizing exerts similar negative effects. We also discuss the moderating impacts of using nonstandard workers as part of a downsizing strategy.

Quality analysis of scalable video coding on unstable transmissions

This paper presents a study of quality on scalable video sequences coded using the scalable extension of the H.264 standard (SVC). A group of experiments was performed to measure, primarily, the effects that transmission instability has in the quality of the videos and the relationship among three scalability methods (spatial, temporal and quality) in terms of quality. A set of experiments was performed to measure the subjective quality using the ACR-HRR methodology and recommendations from ITU-R Rec. BT.500 and ITU-T Rec. P.910. The results show that the amount of instability is not as important as just the presence of instability, that video quality can be deteriorated due to instability and that temporal scalability usually produces videos with worse quality than spatial and quality scalabilities.

Measures related to metric complexity

Metric complexity functions measure an amount of instability of trajectories in dynamical systems acting on metric spaces. They reflect an ability of trajectories to diverge by the distance of $\epsilon$ during the time interval $n$. This ability depends on the position of initial points in the phase space, so, there are some distributions of initial points with respect to these features that present themselves in the form of Borel measures. There are two approaches to deal with metric complexities: the one based on the notion of $\epsilon$-nets ($\epsilon$-spanning) and the other one defined through $\epsilon$-separability. The last one has been studied in [1, 2]. In the present article we concentrate on the former. In particular, we prove that the measure is invariant if the complexity function grows subexponentially in $n$.

Quantifying the variance contribution of special cause mean shifts in reconfigurable batch manufacturing processes

This paper presents a methodology for quantifying a portion of the special cause variation in reconfigurable batch manufacturing processes. The proportion of variability statistic measures the amount of instability in the process mean associated with inconsistencies in process set-up and triggered by changes in process settings or input materials. This statistic suggests the amount of special cause variation the manufacturer could eliminate by controlling process setup and production parameters. Two versions of the statistic are presented: measuring the variation associated with an inconsistent process set-up, and capturing variation related to both configurable process variables and parameters that may vary during a production run. The methodology also includes a process capability index that forecasts the process capability value the manufacturer could attain by eliminating the variance measured by the proportion of variation statistic. Manufacturers can use these quality measures as an input into developing a process improvement strategy. The measures will quantify the impact of better controls on special cause variation and the resultant process capability. Estimating the proportion of variation statistic and associated process capability index requires following a structured designed experiment with observational covariates. The methodology and associated statistics are demonstrated with applications to two automotive body stamping processes.

Biomécanique de l’os. Application au traitement des fractures

Bone is a living anisotropic and viscoelastic material. Bone remodels in response to the mechanical demands placed upon it (Wolff’s law). Bone strength varies according to the direction in which the load is imposed. Bone is weaker in tension than in compression. Muscle activity alters the in vivo stress pattern in bone. Bone healing is influenced by mechanical factors. The most extensive question is the choice between stable or unstable fixation: the osteosynthesis is static if the stiffness never changes during the fracture healing. In an open fracture site a static osteosynthesis must be stable. The osteosynthesis is dynamic when its stiffness vary during the fracture repair in order to improve the callus formation or to reduce the risk of refracture (nail and external fixator). The dynamic osteosynthesis can be slightly unstable during 5 or 6 weeks in order to enhance the periosteal callus and after that stable until the end of the fracture healing. The amount of instability which improves the healing is still unknown. The experience suggests that it must be moderate.

Directional stability of ships and safe handling

Present manoeuvrability standards as set up by IMO do not include criteria for directional stability of ships. However, most ships with high block coefficient are inherently dynamically unstable. Ships having moderate or small amount of directional instability could be handled quite safely, but ships having large amount of directional instability are difficult to handle and may pose danger to sea traffic. The paper presents results of the study of the possibility of safe handling of directionally unstable ships. A number of pilots were asked to manoeuvre directionally unstable models with different amount of instability and an attempt was made to establish allowable limit of directional instability of ships on the basis of the analysis of these tests. The results were compared with the similar study performed in Japan.

A simplified squall‐line model revisited

AbstractWe revisit the parametrized moisture model of Garner and Thorpe and show it does indeed support realistic multicellular behaviour when an adequate (and commonly available) amount of instability is present in the initial environment. We also consider the dramatic impact that the simplified model's storms have on their upstream environments, and suggest that this is exaggerated by a fundamental shortcoming in the parametrized moisture framework.

Teacher Change and Instability Across Grades Variation of Student Scores Across Grades in Dutch Elementary Schools

ABSTRACT Research into the stability of school effects has revealed a substantial amount of instability across grades, but the hypothesis that this instability can be attributed to teacher effects has not yet been tested. In the present study it has been investigated to what extent teacher changes can account for the instability of student achievement across grades. For that purpose a dataset was analyzed which contains information about students who were followed throughout their last two years in elementary education. One group of students had been taught by one and the same teacher during these two years, whereas the other group had been taught by two different teachers. The analyses did not focus exclusively on student achievement. The (in)stability of teacher perceptions and teacher goals was investigated as well. All in all, the (in)stability across grades was analyzed for nine variables. The instability across grades was found to be significantly smaller for the students with the same teacher for f...

Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of internalizing problems in children: the role of longitudinal data.

This review examines the role of longitudinal data in the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents. On the basis of the limited longitudinal data available, it is suggested that internalizing disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders, and, arguably so, persistent over time. However, it is also noted that a considerable amount of instability characterizes these disorders and that the developmental course is not fully understood at this time. In addition, these disorders are responsive to treatment, at least on a short-term basis. Finally, a plea is made for longitudinal studies that use a developmental perspective in examining internalizing disorders in children and adolescents.

Secondary metabolism in cultured red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cells: Differential regulation of betaxanthin and betacyanin biosynthesis

Red beet cell lines exhibiting a range of cell colours were generated from secondary callus via specific induction methods. Phenotype colour ranged from white/green through yellow, orange and red to deep violet, representing all types of pigments found in red beet plant. Specific phenotypes could only be obtained through specific induction sequences and once established were stabilised by cultivation on a maintenance medium. The ratio of auxin (2,4-D) to cytokinin (6-BAP) was an important factor in the control of these processes. All coloured phenotypes were linked, but could be classified into two main groups, one yellow-red and the other orange-violet, according to their different cellular morphologies. A certain amount of instability still existed within each group. Modification of the growth regulator composition could be used to interchange specific combinations of coloured phenotypes, depending upon the initial state of cellular differentiation. Use of the DNA-methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine demonstrated that methylation plays a key role in the repression of genes encoding enzymes involved in betacyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3-methoxybenzamide blocked the induction of the same gene set in a concentration dependent manner without affecting cell growth.