Amount Of Implantation Research Articles

Intraoperative Imaging in Pelvic Surgery.

Pelvic fractures may range from highly severe, life-threatening injuries to less acute clinical entities. There are several sub-entities that are summed up as pelvic injuries. Anatomically, there are fractures of the anterior or posterior pelvic ring. Apart from these, there are fractures of the acetabulum that make up about one fifth of all pelvic injuries. The indication for surgical treatment of pelvic ring injuries depends on the type of injury, involvement of anterior and/or posterior elements of the pelvic ring, demands and the general condition of the patient. In acetabular fractures, indications depend on the dislocation of the fracture and of course also the needs of the patient and his general condition. An intraarticular step-off of more than 2 mm is usually considered as an indication for open reduction and osteosynthesis. Usually in all these injuries, a preoperative CT scan is mandatory to allow precise planning of the operative approach and technique. Intraoperatively, the surgeon should be familiar with the acquisition of the 2D standard views, including 2D imaging of the pelvic ring and the acetabulum. These consist of the anteroposterior view for both pelvic ring and acetabular osteosyntheses. For further assessment of pelvic ring treatments, inlet and outlet views are achievable by angulating the C-arm cranially and caudally. To assess aspects of the anterior and posterior column of the acetabulum, iliac oblique views are used. Here, the C-arm is rotated laterally. As evaluation of 2D views can be limited due to anatomy and superposing structures, intraoperative 3D imaging has become common in the last decade. Special C-arms allow the automatic acquisition of large numbers of projections and create CT-like views of the central volume. Although this method has significantly widened the possibilities of intraoperative imaging, some issues remain. Depending on the amount of implants placed in the imaging field, assessment can be seriously impaired due to artefacts caused by the implants. Intraoperative CT imaging promises enhanced image quality for artefacts and allows a considerably larger field of view. The use of radiation-free navigation facilitates implant placement in minimally invasive procedures like screw placement in the sacroiliacal joint or the acetabulum by visualisation of instruments and implants in a pre- or intraoperative 3D data set.

EFEK EKSTRAK TESTIS TERHADAP JUMLAH IMPLANTASI DAN JUMLAH ANAK PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Extract of testis contains the testis specific proteins. The testis proteins may raise immune responses. The immune responses are the antibodies against testis specific anti-protein. The reaction between the antibodies and the sperms can inhibit fertilization. This process has contraception effects. This research used 24 female and 20 male mice strain Balb/c. The experiment used the complete random design with 4 concentration treatments (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 μg extracts of testis) and 3 replications. Mice were injected 3 times with time interval 21 days. After 15 days from the rising of vaginal plug, 3 mice were dissected and counted the implantation. The others mice were waited until delivered of the children. The datas were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD (a = 5 percent). The results showed that extract of testis did not influence the amount of implantation at the uterus endometrial, but it decreased the amount of children. The effective concentration of extract testis is 2000 μg. So, this study showed that the intraperitoneum injection of the extract of testis had contraception effects.

Gonadal Tumors Developed from Consecutively Transplanted Spleens Bearing Gonad Implants

This study was conducted by consecutively transplanting spleens, which had gonads implanted previously. A total of 84 cases for infantile testicles and 106 cases for ovarian follicles were performed. In the case of ovarian implants, the results were determined by the total number of follicle implants. A modified spleen transplantation technique called double implantation of ovarian follicles was applied to increase the amount of the implants. In this technique, an extra spleen is implanted into the potential donor so that the ovarian follicles can be implanted to two different spleens, doubling the amount of implants. Through consecutive spleen transplantation, we observed the results beyond a typical rat's life span. In many of these cases, we found more aggressive forms of malignant tumor, seminoma and dysgerminoma. We present the results and discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms of tumor formation.