Amount Of Glass Powder Research Articles

Repair overlays of modified polymer mortar containing glass powder and composite fibers-reinforced slag: mechanical properties, energy absorption, and adhesion to substrate concrete

This article aims to investigate the mechanical properties and substrate adhesion of the pull-off method in polymer mortars modified with styrene-butadiene resin polymer (SBR) containing glass powder and composite fiber-reinforced slag. Different mix designs were investigated with and without SBR, taking into account different amounts of glass powder and slag separately and in combination, along with the effect of glass, polypropylene, and steel fibers alone and in combination. The flexural performance and energy absorption of beams retrieved with these layers were also assessed. The results revealed significant differences and increases in the substrate adhesion of the restored modified polymer layers containing SBR compared to the polymer-free repair overlays. Furthermore, an improvement was observed in the adhesion performance of the repair overlay using a combination of slag and glass powder and the glass and polypropylene fiber composite. The highest adhesion was related to the modified polymer mortar design containing composite fibers of glass, polypropylene, and steel with 25% replacement of SBR polymer for 10% glass powder, 10% slag, and 5% slag with 5% glass powder. The adhesion was increased by about 3.74, 3.72, and 3.78 times compared to the repair overlay of the control design. Modified polymer mortars had a higher T150D toughness. Moreover, the energy absorption was significantly improved by the presence of SBR polymer. The highest toughness values were found in the beams restored with modified polymer mortars containing polypropylene, glass, and steel composite fibers with an increase of 48.51%–66.42% compared to the samples without polymer as a result of the pozzolans used in this mix.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AGREGAT LIMBAH BOTOL KACADAN ABU SERABUT KELAPA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BATU BATA

This study aims to (i) determine the effect of adding glass bottle waste aggregate and coconut fiber ash to the characteristics of the bricks and (ii) to determine the composition of mixing glass bottle waste aggregate and coconut fiber ash so that bricks with optimal characteristics are produced. The materials used in this study were glass powder, coconut fiber ash, and clay with a composition of glass powder, coconut fiber ash, and clay 0%:0%:100%, 5%:5%: 90%, 10% :10%:80%, 15%:15%:70%, and 20%:20%:60% with a FAS of 0.5. The process of making bricks is done manually. Characterizations carried out include: compressive strength, water absorption, and density. The addition of glass bottle waste aggregate and coconut fiber ash as a substitute for clay has an effect on the characteristics of the bricks. As the amount of glass powder and coconut fiber ash increases, the compressive strength value tends to decrease, the water absorption value tends to increase, and the density value tends to decrease. The compressive strength values in all compositions of mixing glass powder, coconut fiber ash, and clay still do not meet the SNI 15-2094-2000 standard. The value of water absorption at the composition of 5%:5%: 90% and 10%:10%:80% already meets the standards of SNI 15-2094-2000. Density values in all compositions have met the standards of SNI 15-2094-2000, except for the composition 15%: 15%: 70%. %:10%:80%.

Development of New Experimental Dental Enamel Resin Infiltrants-Synthesis and Characterization.

The aim of the present study was to obtain experimental infiltration materials, intended for the treatment of dental white spots, and to investigate them. Two series of infiltrants (P1–P6)/(P1F–P6F) were obtained, based on different monomer mixtures, without/with glass filler (with fluoride release ability). Each infiltrant from the second series contained the same amount of glass powder, and each infiltrant from the (P–PF) group contained the same resin composition. The characteristics of the experimental infiltrants were investigated by degree of conversion (DC), mechanical strength, water sorption (WS), and fluoride release, in addition to residual monomer for (P1F–P6F) infiltrants. The results were compared with those obtained for commercial Icon infiltrant. For the experimental infiltrants, without/with filler, the recorded DC was in the range of 58.27–89.70%/60.62–89.99%, compared with Icon (46.94%) 24 h after polymerization. The release of fluoride depends on the permeability of the polymer matrix, with respect to the water sorption, which may help to diffuse ions in the storage medium but which can also influence the release of residual monomers. The highest flexural strengths were recorded for the (TEGDMA/HEMA/Bis-GMA) infiltrants (133.94 ± 16.389 MPa/146.31 ± 7.032 MPa). The best experimental infiltrants were P2 and P2F (Bis-GMA/HEMA/TEGDMA).

Effect of Ground Waste Glass Addition on the Strength and Durability of Low Strength Concrete Mixes.

By recycling used glass containers, we are able to recover and reuse their valuable properties, which is a way to preserve the relevant natural resources and lessen environmental burdens. For example, recycled waste glass (in the form of powder) can be used in the production of concrete. This article analyses the effect of waste glass addition on the properties of C12/15, which is used, for example, as concrete bedding material to support road drainage gutters and kerbs. Ground waste glass was used as a filler in the mix, i.e., without decreasing the amount of cement. Brown glass collected as municipal solid waste was used in this research. The research comprised an experiment prepared on the basis of the central composite design. The independent variables included water/cement ratio and the amount of glass powder, expressed as the glass to cement ratio by weight. The adopted research program mainly included the definition of the concrete compressive strength, water absorption and freeze–thaw resistance after 25 and 100 cycles of freezing and thawing. For selected systems, the characteristics of air voids in hardened concrete were also defined. The beneficial effect of ground waste glass added as a filler to the concrete mixture on the strength and durability of concrete was confirmed by the obtained test results.

Use of Waste Glass as A Replacement for Raw Materials in Mortars with a Lower Environmental Impact

Glass waste used in mortars or concretes behaves similar to cement, with resulting environmental benefits. In this light, the behavior of glass powder of various particle sizes has been analyzed as a cement replacement in mortars, in an attempt to minimize the loss of strength and durability, and maximize the amount of materials replaced. The dry density, water accessible porosity, water absorption by immersion, capillary absorption coefficient, ultrasonic pulse velocity and both compressive and flexural strengths were studied in the mortars. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of the obtained results and a greenhouse gases assessment were also performed. In view of the results obtained, glass powder of 38 microns allows up to 30% of the cement to be replaced, due to the filler effect combined with its pozzolanic activity. Moreover, it has been observed that glass powder size is one of the factors with the greatest influence among the properties of porosity, absorption and capillarity. On the other hand, in the mechanical properties, this factor does not contribute significantly more than the amount of glass powder. Finally, the greenhouse gasses analysis shows that the incorporation of glass powder reduces the CO2 emissions associated with mortar up to 29.47%.

Nucleator Function of Glass Powders Used as Additives for Portland Cement

The effect of small amounts of glass powder on the technological properties of portland cement and, especially on the hardening process, is studied.

Development of protective materials based on glass- and slag-containing portland cement structures

The effect of the glass powder of the broken container glass on the strength and corrosion resistance of protective materials based on the slag-containing Portland cement is investigated. Using the three-factor simplex-centroid experimental design, the optimization of structures of protective materials, bounded on the axis X1 by the content of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) of 25–50 %, on the axis X2 – the amount of glass powder (GP) of 5–10 %, on the axis X3 – the changes in W/C of 0.24–0.3 is carried out. As a result, the optimum structure of the protective material comprising 40% of GBFS (X1 factor), 10 % of GP (X2 factor) at W/C=0.3 (X3 factor) is obtained. The material is characterized by a flexural strength of 6.5-8.1 MPa in the range of 2–28 days and the resistance coefficient of 1.38–2.1 after curing samples in corrosive environments for 60 days. A slight loosening of the surface layer of the protective material of the optimum structure in the environment of 5 % sodium sulfate solution due to the formation of the corrosion product – calcium sulfate is observed. The macrostructure of the stone chip of the investigated structure aged for 60 days in solutions of 5 % sodium chloride and sulfate was not affected. The approbation of the protective material of the optimum structure to determine its resistance to aggressive influences of an urban environment when restoring the damaged section of the reinforced concrete slab on the Kyivska Rusanivka railway halt is performed. It is shown that after 7 days of hardening in difficult weather conditions, no changes on the surface of the developed protective material, as well as gaps between the material and the concrete base were observed. The data obtained allow to recommend the developed material for restoring and protecting concrete and reinforced concrete structures of transport facilities in an aggressive urban environment, and also for improving the ecology of the region by recycling of broken container glass.

Effect of Glass Powder on Strength and Microstructure of Ultra High Performance Cement-Based Materials

The effect of glass powder on strength and microstructure of ultra high performance cement-based materials was investigated in this paper, which aimed to provide an additional option for glass recycling and potentially reduce the high costs of this kind of materials. Compressive strength of pastes and mortars with different glass powder content were tested and their microstructure properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Test result showed that the compressive strength rose initially with the increase of the amount of glass powder, and reached to the peak at 20% replacement ratio, then decreased a little. The glass powder in ultra high performance cement-based materials had exhibited pozzolanic reaction and filling effect, contributing substantially to strength increase. In addition, no ASR micro-cracking ring was found around the large glass powder particle due to the enough fineness of glass powder and the existing of silica fume.

Effect of Powder Contents on Viscoelastic Behavior of Glass Powder Filled Epoxy Resin

Glass powder reinforced epoxy was used in the fields of plastic sealing of semiconductor devices. In such environment, the materials were exposed in the high temperature, and the visco-elastic behavior must occur in the materials. However, there are few reports about these materials focused on visco-elasticity. Therefore, the analysis of visco-elastic behavior was an important issue to be taken in account. In this study, the stress relaxation behavior and dynamic mechanical analysis of epoxy composites filled with different amounts of glass powder were investigated. On the dynamic mechanical analysis, the glass transition temperature decreased with the increment of the amount of glass powder contents. And the viscosity at high temperature also decreased when the contents were augmented. On the stress relaxation test, master curves of stress relaxation were obtained, and the time-temperature superposition principles was ascertained. The slopes of time-temperature shift factors were changed depending on the amount of glass powder. Therefore, the time-temperature shift factors were calculated by using the relationship between the slopes of the time-temperature shift factors and the amounts of glass powder. The effect of amounts of glass powder on stress relaxation was also investigated. When the amount of glass powder increased, then the stress relaxation curves shifted to short time side. Comparing the master curves of stress relaxation with the different amount of glass powder, it is understood that the stress relaxation behavior of each material is similar. The effect of glass powder contents on stress relaxation behavior showing the effect of reinforcement and heat resistance is also discussed.

Piezoelectric Properties and Enhancement of Moisture-Resistance of K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> by Adding ZnO-Based Glass

The ZnO based glass was added to calcined K0.5Na0.5NbO3 by ball milling for 20h. The addition of 1wt.% ZnO- based glass exhibited the following piezoelectric properties (kp=36%, Qm=236, e33T/e0=464). By increasing the amount of glass powder ~5wt.%, kp was decreased to 24%. However, Qm and e33T/e0 were observed slightly decreasing. Besides, the moisture-resistance of ZnO-based glass added K0.5Na0.5NbO3 was enhanced considerably as compared to that of K0.5Na0.5NbO3.

A new method for preparation of template DNA for PCR from special plant materials

A simple method for preparation of template DNA suitable for PCR amplification from herbarium samples and plant tissues rich in byproducts, e.g. polysaccharides, tannins, polyphenolic, and terpenoids compounds, is described. The total DNA from regular extraction procedure is absorbed by a small amount of glass powder and the final precipitation of glass powder is used directly as a template for PCR. Taking six plant taxa, including the herbarium specimens of Lythraceae collected from Namibia in 1957 and the silicon-dried leaf tissue from mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae and Combretaceae) rich in by-products as examples, the PCR products, including nrDNA ITS regions and cpDNA rbcL gene, amplified following the regular and new methods respectively are compared. Our method provides a simple, rapid and economic approach to purify and prepare template DNA for PCR from special plant materials.

Some effects of substituted cobalt and nickel oxides on the infrared spectra of copper tellurite glasses

Infrared absorption bands due to resonant vibrations of ions in glasses may reveal information about the structure of the glasses. The position and shape of the peak of the absorption band can be found by examining the radiation transmitted through the material as a function of frequency. Glasses have a complicated and random structure so infrared spectroscopy is of limited use but may be complementary to other methods of investigating glass structure, such as X-ray diffraction. The infrared spectra of tellurite glasses have been measured by many previous workers [1, 2 and 7-9]. In this letter we present and compare our experimental results on infrared spectroscopy of unannealed copper tellurite glasses containing CoO and NiO, at room temperature. The glass compositions covered the mol % range 65TEO2-(35 -- x)CuO-xMO where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and M stands for Co or Ni. The glasses were prepared by melt quenching then cast into disc shapes. The discs were ground into fine powder in a clean mortar, then a small amount of glass powder was mixed and again ground with KBr in the ratio 1:20 depending upon the composition of the glass. The glass pellets, transparent to infrared radiation, were formed by pressing the mixture at 15 tons for 3 to 5 min under vacuum. The infrared spectra of the glasses were recorded at room temperature using an infrared spectrophotometer (Unicam SP 2000) operating in the double-beam mode in the range 200 to 2400 cm- 1. The results for the infrared transmission are recorded in Figs 1 and 2. Tables I and II summarize the characteristic infrared absorption band positions for TeO2-CuO-CoO and TeO2-CuO-NiO glasses, binary TeOz-CuO and the respective crystalline spectra of TeO2, CoO and NiO. The bands at 345,660 to 670 and 775cm -j of TeO2 are very close to the previously reported values [4, 5 and 7-9]. The bands