Amounts Of Fumonisin B1 Research Articles

Colorimetric aptasensor for fumonisin B1 detection based on the DNA tetrahedra-functionalized magnetic beads and DNA hydrogel-coated bimetallic MOFzyme.

The toxicity and incidence of fumonisin B1 (FB1) pose a major challenge to public health and the environment, prompting the development of alternative quantitative strategies for FB1. Herein, a colorimetric aptasensor was constructed based on DNA tetrahedra-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) and DNA hydrogel-coated Mn-Zr bimetallic metal-organic frameworks-based nanozyme (MOFzyme). Initially, MBs functionalized by DNA tetrahedra demonstrated excellent capturing capability for FB1. Along with the capture of FB1, catalyst DNA (C) was released into the supernatant. Aided by fuel DNA (F), C can trigger continuous cleavage of the main chains and cross-linking points of the DNA hydrogel through an entropy-driven DNA circuit integrated into the hydrogel coating. Subsequently, the bimetallic MOFzyme encapsulated inside the DNA hydrogel was exposed and exerted its superb peroxidase-like activity, producing a colorimetric signal whose intensity was positively dependent on the amount of FB1. The developed aptasensor exhibited good linearity in the range of 5×10-4 to 50ngmL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.38pgmL-1, and reasonable specificity in different matrices. Furthermore, the aptasensor was successfully applied to quantify FB1 in actual samples with recoveries fell within 92.25 %-108.00 %, showing its great potential in environmental monitoring and food safety.

Effect of different dietary fumonisin B1 exposure on the toxin content of porcine tissues

The time and dose-dependent effect of fumonisin B1 (FB1) exposure on the tissue toxin concentrations was examined in 36 weaned pigs. Treated animals were fed an experimental diet supplemented with Fusarium verticillioides culture, leading to FB1 daily intake values of 50 mg/animal (n=10) in a 22 day treatment (T50), 100 mg/animal (n=7) for 5 days (T100s, short exposure) and 100 mg/animal (n=7) for 10 days (T100l, long exposure), respectively. For each experimental group, 4 control (C) animals were used. At the end of trial, the FB1 content of lung, liver, bile, kidney, brain, spleen, pancreas, heart, muscle and fat samples was determined by LC-MS. Pulmonary oedema developed in all piglets as a result of the toxin dose applied. Highest FB1 concentrations were found in the liver, kidney, lung and spleen, in all treatments. The muscle and adipose tissues (i.e. the meat) did not contain considerable amounts of fumonisin B1. In the organs of the animals fed 100 mg FB1 per day, significantly higher FB1 levels were measured. An exponential function was descriptive for the measured FB1 data of some organs. The FB1 content was found to be dependent on the average daily intake, except in case of the liver.

Determination of Fumonisin B1 and B2 in Corn and Corn-Based Products in Turkey by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The purpose of this study was to investigate fumonisin B1 (FB1)- and B2 (FB2)-contaminated corn and corn-based products consumed especially by the Turkish population. FB1 and FB2 were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The total number of commercially available corn and corn-based product samples analyzed in this research was 82. The recoveries were found to be 94.4 ± 4.62% and 86.5 ± 4.86% for cornmeal spiked with known amounts of FB1 and FB2 (1 ppm), respectively. The minimum detectable amount for the o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of FB1 and FB2 were 1 ng and 5 ng, respectively. Detected levels of FB1 were between 0.25 ppm and 2.66 ppm in 25.6% of the samples, and detected level of FB2 in a single cornmeal sample was 0.55 ppm.

Analysis of Fumonisin Bi and Its Hydrolysis Product in Tortillas

Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme, a fungus that occurs widely in corn. Fumonisins causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in swine and have been suggested as a possible cause of an increased incidence of neural tube defects among people living along the Texas-Mexico border. As part of an effort to determine levels of fumonisins in human food, a liquid chromatographic (LC) method was devised for determining fumonisin B1 (FB1) and the total hydrolysis product of FB1 (HB1) in tortillas. The method uses acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 3; 1 + 1) extraction, solid-phase C18 cleanup, o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol derivatization, and reversed-phase LC. Average recoveries from tortillas spiked with FB1 and HB1 at 250, 500, and 1000 ng/g were 86.5% for FB1 and 82.6% for HB1. Tortillas (54) and masa (8) from the Texas-Mexico border were analyzed for FB1 and HB1. Average amounts of FB1 and HB1 in tortillas were 187 and 82 ng/g, respectively. Average amounts of FB1 and HB1 in masas were 262 and 64 ng/g, respectively. The results show that fumonisin B1 and its hydrolysis product are present in tortillas consumed by a population experiencing an increased incidence of neural tube defects.

Production of fumonisins by Fusarium species of Taiwan.

Twenty-nine Fusarium species isolated from various sources in different districts of Taiwan were tested for their ability to produce fumonisins in corn cultures. Only Fusarium moniliforme produced fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2). The finding that the other 28 Fusarium species produced neither FB1 nor FB2 is preliminary because only one strain per species was studied. The detection of FB1 and FB2 in cultures of F. moniliforme was demonstrated by TLC and HPLC, and FB1 was further confirmed by mass spectrometry. In a separate experiment, in which 38 strains of F. moniliforme were tested for fumonisins, approximately 66% (25/38) produced FB1 and/or FB2. Of the 25 strains, 14 produced only FB1 and 11 produced both FB1 and FB2, and the amounts of FB1 and FB2 produced by different strains varied greatly. This is the first report that fumonisins are found in corn cultures experimentally infected with F. moniliforme strains from Taiwan. It is safe to assume that fumonisin producing strains of F. moniliforme are widely distributed among the economic crops such as corn, rice, sugarcane, and sorghum throughout the Island.

Embryopathic and embryocidal effects of purified fumonisin B1 or Fusarium proliferatum culture material extract on chicken embryos.

One hundred eight fertile eggs (Columbia x New Hampshire) were assigned to 10 groups of 10 eggs each (2 control groups had 14 eggs each). Five groups of eggs were inoculated on day 1 of incubation, while the other 5 groups were inoculated on day 10. The inoculum of the 4 treatment groups on both day 1 and 10 consisted of 1,10, or 100 microM purified fumonisin B1 (FB1) or a culture material extract (CME) of Fusarium proliferatum, having known amounts of FB1, FB2 and moniliformin (FB1 20 microM; FB2 4 microM and moniliformin 7 microM). Inoculum consisted of the respective toxin(s) dissolved in 100 microliters double distilled, autoclaved water (diluent). Control eggs were inoculated with diluent only. Mortality was both dose- and time-responsive in all treatments. Eggs inoculated on day 1 with 1 microM FB1 had 50% mortality; 10 microM FB1 had 70% mortality; 100 microM FB1 had 100% mortality; and CME had 100% mortality. Eggs inoculated on day 10 with 1,10 or 100 microM FB1 or CME had 30, 60, 90 and 80% mortality, respectively. Normal chicks were hatched from all control eggs. The median death times (MDT50) were inversely dose-responsive in all treatments, ranging from 3.0 to 7.4 days in embryos exposed on day 1 and from 3.2 to 9.0 days in those exposed on day 10. Early embryonic changes in exposed embryos included hydrocephalus, enlarged beaks and elongated necks. Pathologic changes were noted in liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, musculoskeletal system, intestines, testes and brain toxin-exposed embryos.