Amounts Of Fructose Research Articles

Quality of beer with added pseudocereals

The effect on added pseudocereals (quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat) on characteristics of beer was studied on beer samples prepared from barley malt, pseudocereals, water, hops, and brewer's yeast. Pseudocereals were used as a partial malt substitute (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%). The colour of laboratory prepared beers was measured using a Konica Minolta CM 3500d. Basic parameters of beers (alcohol content, real extract and original extract of the wort) were measured using a FermentoFlash. The amount of fructose, glucose, maltose and maltotriose in the wort and in the beers was determined using an Agilent Technologies HPLC. A sensory evaluation was also performed. The results of the different variants did not vary in terms of alcohol content. Beer lightness did not differ much between the pseudocereals variants. However, control beer was darker than beers with added pseudocereals. Generally, the beers with pseudocereals did not differ much from the control beer without pseudocereals.

Hexokinase 2 senses fructose in tumor-associated macrophages to promote colorectal cancer growth.

Fructose is associated with colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis through ketohexokinase-mediated metabolism in the colorectal epithelium, yet its role in the tumor immune microenvironment remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a modest amount of fructose, without affecting obesity and associated complications, promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and growth by suppressing the polarization of M1-like macrophages. Fructose inhibits M1-like macrophage polarization independently of fructose-mediated metabolism. Instead, it serves as a signal molecule to promote the interaction between hexokinase 2 and inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptor type 3, the predominant Ca2+ channel on the endoplasmic reticulum. The interaction reduces Ca2+ levels in cytosol and mitochondria, thereby suppressing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) as well as NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Consequently, this impedes M1-like macrophage polarization. Our study highlights the critical role of fructose as a signaling molecule that impairs the polarization of M1-like macrophages for tumor growth.

Influence of various corn syrup types on the quality and sensory properties of gelatin-based jelly confectionery

Jelly candies are soft confectionery products primarily composed of sucrose, corn syrup and gelling agents. This study investigates the impact of six different corn syrup, all used at constant amount (46.22%), on the physicochemical (moisture content, pH, Colour), texture and sensory properties of gelatin-based jelly samples. The Moisture content, pH, colour, and texture properties of samples were analysed at 0th, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th day during storage. Before storage moisture content of the candiesranged from21.03 to 22.57% whereas after 60 days, it was found between 19.31 and 20.72%. Sample JF42 exhibited the least moisture rate loss. The type of corn syrup did not significantly affect the pH of the samples. Samples with higher fructose content in the corn syrup had the lowest hardness, whereas the sample with the highest maltose content exhibited the highest hardness. Changes in gumminess and chewiness paralleled variations in hardness results. Hardness and gumminess were found suitable to follow up gelatin-based samples storage using the zero-order kinetics modelling. Corn syrups with high fructose amounts intensified the redness, while those with high glucose levels led to yellowness in the candies. In sensory evaluation, products made with G40, G60, and M50 corn syrups received higher general Understanding how various types of corn syrup impact the candies quality helps producers optimize their formulation. This information enables producers to mitigate quality deterioration during storage, ensuring that their candies maintain at the desired level and appeal to consumers.

Activation of AMPD2 drives metabolic dysregulation and liver disease in mice with hereditary fructose intolerance

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a painful and potentially lethal genetic disease caused by a mutation in aldolase B resulting in accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate (F1P). No cure exists for HFI and treatment is limited to avoid exposure to fructose and sugar. Using aldolase B deficient mice, here we identify a yet unrecognized metabolic event activated in HFI and associated with the progression of the disease. Besides the accumulation of F1P, here we show that the activation of the purine degradation pathway is a common feature in aldolase B deficient mice exposed to fructose. The purine degradation pathway is a metabolic route initiated by adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2) that regulates overall energy balance. We demonstrate that very low amounts of fructose are sufficient to activate AMPD2 in these mice via a phosphate trap. While blocking AMPD2 do not impact F1P accumulation and the risk of hypoglycemia, its deletion in hepatocytes markedly improves the metabolic dysregulation induced by fructose and corrects fat and glycogen storage while significantly increasing the voluntary tolerance of these mice to fructose. In summary, we provide evidence for a critical pathway activated in HFI that could be targeted to improve the metabolic consequences associated with fructose consumption.

Food Supplement Production from Propolis, Honey, and Mulberry Molasses Its Optimization

Abstract Turkish people have been producing and consuming molasses widely for many years. Nowadays, molasses is produced not only from grapes, but also from various fruits. Mulberry molasses are rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium and have a strong antioxidant effect. It contributes to the healthy functioning of the body in terms of biological functions such as bone development, maintaining heart health, and strengthening the immune system. Honey is a natural sweetener and nutritional source. While it provides energy with its components such as fructose and glucose, organic acids, and polyphenols, it is also a real source of healing. Propolis, instead, is a natural bee product obtained by bees from plant buds and other plant materials. It has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune system supporting properties. In this study, 12 different mixtures were created by adding different amounts of honey (15-78.5%) and propolis (1.5-5%) to mulberry molasses to increase their antioxidant, nutritional, and mineral values, and these mixtures were compared with mulberry molasses by performing analysis for pH value, electrical conductivity, water-soluble dry matter, ash content, HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural), water activity, sugar profile, antioxidant content by the FRAP method, mineral content, total phenolic substance by the gallic acid method, aflatoxin, total acidity, and color (L, a, b). It was determined that the amount of antioxidant and phenolic substances increased as the percentage of propolis in the mixtures increased, thus providing the product with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune system supporting properties. It was observed that the nutritional content was enriched due to the increase in the amounts of fructose and glucose with the increase in the percentage of honey. As a result, it is thought that the products obtained by adding propolis and honey to mulberry molasses can be used as natural antioxidant functional food or functional food additives.

Construction and investigation of multi-enzyme immobilized matrix for the production of HFCS.

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts and speed up the biochemical reactions. The world's biotechnological ventures are development of enzyme productiveness, and advancement of novel techniques for thriving their shelf existence. Nowadays, the most burning questions in enzyme technology are how to improve the enzyme productivity and reuse them. The immobilization of enzymes provides an excellent scope to reuse the enzymes several times to increase productivity. The main aim of the present study is the establishment of an immobilized multi-enzyme bio-system engineering process for the production of High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) with an industrial focus. In this study, multi-enzyme such as α-amylase, glucoamylase and glucose isomerase were immobilized in various support matrices like sodium alginate, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, rice bran and combination of alginate with cellulosic materials. The activities of the immobilized multi-enzyme system for the production of HFCS from the starch solution were determined. The multi-enzyme immobilized in sodium alginate shows better fructose conversion than free enzyme. Among the support matrices, multi-enzyme immobilized in sawdust produced total 80.74 mg/mL of fructose from starch solution and it was able to be used in several production cycles. On the other hand, multi-enzyme immobilized in combination of sodium alginate and sawdust produced the maximum amount of fructose (total 84.82 mg/mL). The free enzyme produced 17.25 mg/mL of fructose from the starch solution in only a single cycle. In this study a new fixed bed immobilized multi-enzyme bioreactor system was developed for the production of HFCS directly from starch. This finding will create a new opportunity for the application of immobilized multi-enzyme systems in many sectors of industrial biotechnology.

Physico-chemical Indicators of food color pigments derived from Ocimum basilicum (Rahon) vegetation

At this work the physico-chemical Indicators of food color pigments derived from Ocimum basilicum vegetation is presented. This is known that in addition to color pigments, natural food coloring substances contain other biologically active components: vitamins, trace elements, organic acids. The raw material of the plant was extracted for 18 hours and the obtained solution was filtered, solid particles were separated in a centrifuge. The dry matter content of the purified natural dye-preserving solution,pH medium, specific density was determined. The solution was concentrated in a vacuum rotor evaporator for condensation, and its physical and chemical parameters were determined. The amount of fructose in the dye extract obtained in a 20% carbohydrate solution was 5.94 mg/l, the maximum value was 9.12% in the 40% extract, and the fructose content in the dye obtained in a 50% solution was 7.14%. - organized. It was found that the amount of vitamins in the concentrate is higher in 40% and 50% alcohol solution. The safety of the natural dye was analyzed. Heavy metals and their salts, dangerous substances for humanhealth were analyzed.

Endogenous Fructose Production and Metabolism Drive Metabolic Dysregulation and Liver Disease in Mice with Hereditary Fructose Intolerance.

Excessive intake of sugar, and particularly fructose, is closely associated with the development and progression of metabolic syndrome in humans and animal models. However, genetic disorders in fructose metabolism have very different consequences. While the deficiency of fructokinase, the first enzyme involved in fructose metabolism, is benign and somewhat desirable, missense mutations in the second enzyme, aldolase B, causes a very dramatic and sometimes lethal condition known as hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). To date, there is no cure for HFI, and treatment is limited to avoiding fructose and sugar. Because of this, for subjects with HFI, glucose is their sole source of carbohydrates in the diet. However, clinical symptoms still occur, suggesting that either low amounts of fructose are still being consumed or, alternatively, fructose is being produced endogenously in the body. Here, we demonstrate that as a consequence of consuming high glycemic foods, the polyol pathway, a metabolic route in which fructose is produced from glucose, is activated, triggering a deleterious mechanism whereby glucose, sorbitol and alcohol induce severe liver disease and growth retardation in aldolase B knockout mice. We show that generically and pharmacologically blocking this pathway significantly improves metabolic dysfunction and thriving and increases the tolerance of aldolase B knockout mice to dietary triggers of endogenous fructose production.

Association between soft drink consumption and carotid atherosclerosis in a large-scale adult population: The TCLSIH cohort study

Background and aimsCarotid atherosclerosis indicates an increased risk for cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. Given the pattern of consumption in China, sugar-sweetened beverage is the main type of soft drink consumed. As soft drinks contain a high amount of fructose, they may be a risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis. A prospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the association between soft drink consumption and the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in a Chinese adult population. Methods and resultsA total of 3828 participants (men: 2007 and women: 1821) were included. Carotid atherosclerosis was measured by using ultrasonography and was defined by increased carotid intima-media thickness and/or carotid plaques. Soft drink consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association of soft drink consumption categories with the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis. During a mean follow-up of 3.20 years, 1009 individuals of the 3828 eligible participants developed carotid atherosclerosis. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we compared the higher levels to the lowest level of soft drink consumption in women, and we estimated the multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of incident carotid atherosclerosis to be 1.09 (0.80, 1.50), and 1.56 (1.14, 2.13) (P for trend <0.05). However, there was no significant association between soft drink consumption and the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in men or total population. ConclusionThe result indicated that soft drink consumption was associated with a higher incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in women. Trial registeredUMIN Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration numberUMIN000027174. Trial registration websitehttps://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031137.

Glucose versus fructose metabolism in the liver measured with deuterium metabolic imaging.

Chronic intake of high amounts of fructose has been linked to the development of metabolic disorders, which has been attributed to the almost complete clearance of fructose by the liver. However, direct measurement of hepatic fructose uptake is complicated by the fact that the portal vein is difficult to access. Here we present a new, non-invasive method to measure hepatic fructose uptake and metabolism with the use of deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) upon administration of [6,6'-2H2]fructose. Using both [6,6'-2H2]glucose and [6,6'-2H2]fructose, we determined differences in the uptake and metabolism of glucose and fructose in the mouse liver with dynamic DMI. The deuterated compounds were administered either by fast intravenous (IV) bolus injection or by slow IV infusion. Directly after IV bolus injection of [6,6'-2H2]fructose, a more than two-fold higher initial uptake and subsequent 2.5-fold faster decay of fructose was observed in the mouse liver as compared to that of glucose after bolus injection of [6,6'-2H2]glucose. In contrast, after slow IV infusion of fructose, the 2H fructose/glucose signal maximum in liver spectra was lower compared to the 2H glucose signal maximum after slow infusion of glucose. With both bolus injection and slow infusion protocols, deuterium labeling of water was faster with fructose than with glucose. These observations are in line with a higher extraction and faster turnover of fructose in the liver, as compared with glucose. DMI with [6,6'-2H2]glucose and [6,6'-2H2]fructose could potentially contribute to a better understanding of healthy human liver metabolism and aberrations in metabolic diseases.

292-OR: High-Fat Diets Containing Sucrose and Fructose, but Not Glucose, Induce Obesity and Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Accumulation of Diacylglycerols

Diets high in sugar and fat promote the development of obesity and metabolic complications, while high-sugar, low-fat or high-fat, sugar-free (ketogenic) diets do not. We assessed the importance of sugar in a commonly used 60% high-fat diet (HFD), which contains 6.7% of calories from sucrose. The sucrose content was replaced either with an equal amount of fructose (HFD+RF) or glucose (HFD+RG) and all other components of the diet were identical. After 12 weeks on the diets, the mice on HFD and HFD+RF diets gained more weight, developed hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, compared to the mice on normal chow or HFD+RG diets. A relatively small (6.7%) amount of sucrose or fructose, but not glucose, in a HFD was sufficient to increase the fructolysis (KHK-C, ALDO B and TKFC) and de novo lipogenesis (ME1, ACLY, ACC1, FASN, SCD1) pathways by WB. Metabolomics analysis revealed higher hepatic diacylglycerol (DAG) content in HFD and HFD+RF groups, while HFD+RG group had elevated hepatic triacylglycerol content. Proteomics analysis quantified 3058 unique proteins, 736 of which were significantly different between the mice on chow and HFD. Replacing sucrose with fructose altered only 2 proteins, while replacing sucrose with fructose significantly changed 196 proteins in the liver. Reactome pathway analysis showed that the most altered processes mediate lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. In conclusion, HFDs containing sucrose or fructose but not glucose increase the fructolysis pathway and lead to hepatic DAG accumulation and insulin resistance. Thus, a relatively small amount of fructose, regardless of its source, is sufficient to alter metabolic outcomes in mice consuming a HFD. Disclosure S.Park: None. T.I.Fadhul: None. C.Kahn: None. S.Softic: Research Support; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Physicochemical Characterization Of Argentinian Honeys From The Phytogeographic Provinces Pampeana, Espinal And Monte Based On Their Sugar Profiles And Quality Parameters

The honeys from the Phytogeographic Provinces (PP) of the south of Buenos Aires province (Argentina) were characterised by the sugar composition and physicochemical parameters used for honey quality control. A large set (n=329) of traceable raw honey samples obtained from beekeepers were analysed and met the specifications of the national and/or international standards for the evaluated parameters, which denoted their blossom origin and confirmed their authenticity, good maturity and freshness. The influence of flora and the pedoclimatic conditions of each phytogeographical region, as well as their beekeeping practices, on the physical and chemical properties of honey allowed its characterization. Thus, the honeys from the southeast of Buenos Aires province were characterized by higher contents of moisture, fructose, maltose, erlose, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and ash, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) and slightly lighter colours; while southwest honeys showed higher free acidities, sucrose content and ºBrix values. Honeys from the PP Espinal exhibited characteristic lower contents of fructose, HMF and ash and EC values, and larger amounts of sucrose. Honeys from the PP Monte presented typical lower moisture contents and slightly darker colours. Honeys from the PP Pampeana were typified by higher amounts of fructose.

Phenolic Profile, Sugar Composition, and Antioxidant Capacities of Some Common Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars as a Potential Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), a strategic oasian species in most Mediterranean regions, is often known by the commercialized Deglet Nour variety. However, many other common varieties that might have high importance are neglected. The current study aims to evaluate the nutraceutical and functional properties of six common date palm cultivars, collected from three Tunisian oasian regions. The biochemical composition and antioxidant potential of these date cultivars were investigated. Total polyphenols (TPP), total flavonoids (TF), and condensed tannins (CT) contents varied significantly between varieties. In particular, the Ftimi cultivar had the highest amounts of TPP, TF, and CT (204.04 ± 12.85 mg·GAE/100 g·FW, 117.35 ± 7.49 mg·RE/100 g·FW, and 147.93 ± 7.65 mg·CTE/100 g·FW, respectively). Similarly, this cultivar exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with 131.59 ± 11.54 mg·TE/100 g·FW and 106.57 ± 2.33 mg·TE/100 g·FW, respectively, for DPPH and ABTS+ assays. Contrary to the Deglet Nour variety, the six common dates contain a high amount of fructose and glucose (reducing sugars) and a low content of sucrose. LC-ESI-MS analysis showed that “Kenta” had the highest number of polyphenolic compounds (19 compounds) followed by “Ftimi” with 18 compounds, whereas “Deglet Nour” has only 15. Six major compounds (quinic acid, epicatechin, rutin, hyperoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and kaempferol) were omnipresent. These findings highlight the high potential of neglected date palm varieties and confirm their richness with nutraceuticals and natural antioxidants.

Effects of fructose added to an oral glucose tolerance test on plasma glucose excursions in healthy adults

Background and objectivePrevious experimental studies have shown that fructose interacts with glucose metabolism by increasing hepatic glucose uptake. However, human studies investigating the effects of small (‘catalytic’) amounts of fructose, added to an oral glucose load, on plasma glucose levels remain inconclusive. The aim of this study, therefore, was to repeat and extend these previous studies by examining the plasma glucose response during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the addition of different doses of fructose. MethodsHealthy adults (n = 13) received an OGTT without addition of fructose and OGTTs with addition of different doses of fructose (1, 2, 5, 7.5 and 15 g) in a random order, on six separate occasions. Plasma glucose levels were measured every 15 min for 120 min during the study. FindingsThe plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of the OGTT without addition of fructose was not significantly different from any OGTT with fructose (p ≥ 0.2 for all fructose doses). Similar results were observed when these data were clustered with data from a similar, previous study (pooled mean difference: 10.6; 95%CI: 45.0; 23.8 for plasma glucose iAUC of the OGTT without addition of fructose versus an OGTT with 5 g fructose; fixed-effect meta-analysis, n = 38). Of interest, serum fructose increased from 4.8 μmol/L (interquartile range: 4.1–5.9) at baseline to 5.3 μmol/L (interquartile range: 4.8–7.5) at T = 60 min during an OGTT without addition of fructose (p = 0.002). ConclusionLow doses of fructose added to an OGTT do not affect plasma glucose levels in healthy adults. The role of endogenous fructose production, as a potential explanation of these null-findings, deserves further investigation.

Effect of tartary buckwheat sourdough fermented by different exogenous lactic acid bacteria on antifreeze property of frozen dough

In this study, tartary buckwheat combined with compound strains was fermented to make sourdough and applied to improve frozen dough. The results showed that the compound bacteria had a certain synergistic effect, and the bacterial colony growth in tartary buckwheat substrate was better than single bacteria, especially in LF+WC group, the lactic acid bacteria growth rate was the fastest, and a large amount of fructose (11.82 mmol/kg) and EPS (3.132 g/kg) were generated after 12 h fermentation. In addition, the binding water content of tartary buckwheat sourdough in LF+WC group decreased by 0.48%, content of non-flowing water and free water increased by 0.18% and 0.3%, respectively, the glutenin subunit degradation was less, α-helix and β-rotation content decreased by 0.43% and 2.34%, respectively, after 13 weeks of freezing. So that gluten can maintain a more uniform and regular network structure. Therefore, LF+WC tartary buckwheat sourdough has good antifreezing protection effect.

Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Twenty One Sweet Potato Genotypes Collected from Malaysia

&lt;p&gt;The chemical and physical characteristics of sweet potatoes are essential in terms of quality and preference of the products. Breeding of sweet potatoes has resulted in a large number of genotypes which generates variation in chemical composition and physical properties. Therefore, such characteristics of 17 sweet potato germplasm accessions and four commercial cultivars originated from Malaysia were evaluated to be able to select them for breeding and food purposes. The starch contents were significantly different (p&amp;lt;0.05) that ranged from 10.67 to 25.40% fresh weight basis (fwb). The purple-fleshed group showed a higher amylose content than those of the orange, white, and yellow-fleshed groups. A variation in sugar contents was also noted and the highest amount of fructose was observed in the yellow-fleshed group, followed by the orange, white, and purple-fleshed groups. However, glucose, sucrose, and maltose could not be grouped according to their tuber flesh colors. The textural properties of steamed tubers considerably varied between sweet potato genotypes. The white-fleshed sweet potato showed the lowest hardness value, followed by the orange, yellow and purple-fleshed genotypes. Moisture, starch, and amylose contents significantly correlated with hardness of the steamed tuber with r = -0.83**, 0.60**, and 0.61**, respectively, while adhesiveness was affected by moisture and amylose contents with r =0.54** and -0.37**, respectively. Springiness had a positive correlation with adhesiveness and chewiness exhibited a negative correlation with moisture content, however, it positively correlated with hardness. Sweet potatoes with low hardness and chewiness are suitable to be used as raw material for juice and jam, while those with medium hardness and chewiness are suitable for products made from mashed tubers. Sweet potatoes with firm texture are tailored for flour preparation, which can be further used for flour-based products. This study reflects a great variation in chemical and physical characteristics of sweet potato genotypes that can be further used for the breeding of improved varieties with desired criteria as well as suitability for particular food products.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Biochemical composition of apple fruits when treated with growth-stimulating agrochemicals

The objects of research were the fruits of apple trees of the Golden Reinders variety (rootstock M 9) grown on the basis of experimental plantings Agricultural institute, Science Academy of Abkhazia. Complex organic fertilizers have been selected as agrochemicals Antistress Chelate and Chelate Filling. The research is aimed at finding new, highly efficient and environmentally friendly agrochemicals, and also determines the development of technology for their application. It was found that the Golden Reinders variety in the humid subtropical zone accumulates from 10.6% (under control) to 11.6% (with non-root treatments) of sugars. Treatments with agrochemicals affected the main quantitative patterns in the content of mono- and disaccharides in apple fruits. The amount of fructose ranges from 6.63 g/100 g at the control to 7.52 g/100 g during treatments; glucose accumulates on average only 1.1-1.2 g/100 g, depending on the variant. Sucrose in fruits is 2.4-2.6 times more than glucose, which characterizes the ripening processes in fruits. Agrochemicals treatments have an ambiguous effect on the accumulation of organic acids. So, if there is a significant increase in malic, citric and tartaric acid during processing, then the content of lactic, succinic, oxalic and acetic acid drops. The sugar-acid index averages 13.6 units, there is a slightly acidic taste.

Fructose consumption correlates with triglyceride-glucose index and glycemic status in healthy adults

The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, uric acid levels, and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index of individuals who consume different amounts of fructose. Additionally, the relationship between the TyG index and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values was investigated. This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy adults aged between 18 and 55 who applied to a university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Demographic characteristics and food consumption were recorded using the face-to-face interview method. Participants were divided into two groups according to their fructose consumption (≤50g/day: moderate; >50g/day: high). The glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, and uric acid levels were measured and TyG index was calculated. Fructose consumption of >50g/day was reported by 25% of the participants. There was no relationship between lipid profile, uric acid, and fructose consumption. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and TyG index values in the moderate fructose consumption group were significantly lower than those for the high fructose consumption group (P<0.05). The TyG index was associated with fructose consumption and HOMA-IR (P<0.05). High fructose consumers exhibited FBG and HOMA-IR levels 1.18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.01-1.37) and 1.42 (95% CI=1.09-1.84) times higher than those for the moderate fructose consumers (P<0.05). The results of this study confirmed that high fructose consumption negatively affects glycemic status in healthy adults. Additionally, this study revealed that there is a significant association between daily fructose consumption and TyG index.

What Is Fructose and How Does It Make Sweet Drinks Dangerous for Your Health?

Nowadays, overweight and obesity are increasing in young people, resulting in several health problems. New scientific evidence shows that consuming too much fructose, a basic type of sugar, can cause some of these problems. Sugary foods such as soft drinks are sweetened with syrups that have very high fructose content. Drinking too much of these beverages results in weight gain from the accumulation of body fat. Scientists have also found that, in children, consuming excessive amounts of fructose can harm the liver, lungs, and heart. This article will explain how fructose in sweetened beverages leads to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, highlighting the alarming number of young people all over the world who suffer from these diseases and what can be done to prevent this situation.

Influence of Physico-Chemical Factors on the Efficiency and Metabolite Profile of Adult Pinus radiata D. Don Bud Organogenesis

Genetic improvement programs for conifer forest species face the challenge of propagating elite individuals with superior characteristics in the present landscape of climate change; the problem is focused on the fact that when these individuals have shown the desirable traits, they have changed phase and therefore have lost the ability to be propagated by traditional methods. Based on our previous works on Pinus spp. regeneration of adult trees through organogenesis and trying to improve the protocol in Pinus radiata, our objective was to analyze the influence of collection dates and different 6-benzyladenine (BA) concentrations in the first phase of shoot induction, as well as the effect of different light types on the success of root induction. Moreover, we were interested in studying the effect of the abovementioned physico-chemical factors on the amino acid and carbohydrate content in the shoots developed in vitro. Reinvigorated shoots were obtained in both BA concentrations (22 or 44 μM), although the highest BA concentration showed the best results in terms of shoot induction (explants forming shoots (46%) and number of shoots per explant (1.95 ± 0.52)) when using initial explants collected in the first week of February. The percentage of explants forming shoots (EFS) was genotype-dependent. Explants from genotype A induced with the highest BA concentration showed the highest EFS (91%). With respect to the light treatment applied, significant differences in root induction (20%) and in the number of roots per explant (4.62 ± 0.65) were observed in shoots cultured under white FL. Finally, significant differences in different phases of the rooting process were detected in the amounts of fructose, glucose and sucrose and in the content of threonine and tyrosine.