Amount Of Engagement Research Articles

Teacher-student rapport and gamified learning: Investigating the role of interpersonal variables in classroom integration

Using the educational setting of Jordan, this research aims to investigate the complex relationship between teacher-student rapport and student involvement in gamified learning experiences. As it relates to the effective use of gamified learning methodologies, this research digs into the far-reaching ramifications of cultivating strong interpersonal interactions between instructors and students. This research uses a strict quantitative technique to investigate the complex relationships between 400 children and 40 teachers. This study's results shed light on an interesting and statistically significant phenomenon: a significant positive connection (r = 0.742, p 0.001) between teacher-student rapport and the amount of engagement seen in gamified learning sessions. The finding, in line with Jordan's educational reforms, highlights the critical role of positive rapport in generating dynamic and significant participation within modern instructional techniques. The practical repercussions highlight the need for teachers to work to improve their interpersonal skills. It becomes clear that this is a crucial factor in enabling effective teaching and learning, especially within the context of contemporary pedagogical approaches. The current research helps us better understand the complex dynamics at play in teacher-student relationships, illuminating their far-reaching consequences for the pursuit of educational excellence in the Jordann setting.

The Analysis of the Islamic Community Member Engagement Based on Instagram Content Types

<p class="p0"><em>This study aims to determine differences in the level of Islamic community member engagement based on Instagram content types, namely photos, videos, and carousels. </em><em>The results of this research are expected to contribute to social media users, especially Instagram, in determining the most appropriate types of content posts</em>. <em>This study is an ex post facto and uses secondary data from all posts of the most popular smartphone application-based Islamic community accounts in Indonesia, resulting in a total of 18,026 posts. Engagement rate is measured based on the number of likes and comments. </em><em>Data is collected by documenting secondary data on Instagram. </em><em>The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the criteria of prioritizing new posts over old ones, considering that new posts tend to have a higher engagement; thus, the data will be more easily observed. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA. The findings demonstrated that there were notable distinctions in the number of likes and comments between photo posts and video posts, that photo posts had a higher degree of engagement than video posts, and that there were notable distinctions in the number of likes and comments between photo posts and carousel posts. Regarding likes and comments, photo posts receive more than carousel posts, and there is no difference between carousel posts and video posts; carousel posts and video posts receive the same amount of engagement. </em><em>Based on the findings, it can be suggested that Islamic community managers pay attention to the choice of content type when uploading a post to an Instagram account to get optimal engagement. In addition, posting a single image often elicits more attention or engagement compared to video posts and carousels as well.</em><em></em></p>

Design and Early Use of the Nationally Implemented Healthier You National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme: Mixed Methods Study.

The Healthier You National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS-digital-DPP) is a 9-month digital behavior change intervention delivered by 4 independent providers that is implemented nationally across England. No studies have explored the design features included by service providers of digital diabetes prevention programs to promote engagement, and little is known about how participants of nationally implemented digital diabetes prevention programs such as this one make use of them. This study aimed to understand engagement with the NHS-digital-DPP. The specific objectives were to describe how engagement with the NHS-digital-DPP is promoted via design features and strategies and describe participants' early engagement with the NHS-digital-DPP apps. Mixed methods were used. The qualitative study was a secondary analysis of documents detailing the NHS-digital-DPP intervention design and interviews with program developers (n=6). Data were deductively coded according to an established framework of engagement with digital health interventions. For the quantitative study, anonymous use data collected over 9 months for each provider representing participants' first 30 days of use of the apps were obtained for participants enrolled in the NHS-digital-DPP. Use data fields were categorized into 4 intervention features (Track, Learn, Coach Interactions, and Peer Support). The amount of engagement with the intervention features was calculated for the entire cohort, and the differences between providers were explored statistically. Data were available for 12,857 participants who enrolled in the NHS-digital-DPP during the data collection phase. Overall, 94.37% (12,133/12,857) of those enrolled engaged with the apps in the first 30 days. The median (IQR) number of days of use was 11 (2-25). Track features were engaged with the most (number of tracking events: median 46, IQR 3-22), and Peer Support features were the least engaged with, a median value of 0 (IQR 0-0). Differences in engagement with features were observed across providers. Qualitative findings offer explanations for the variations, including suggesting the importance of health coaches, reminders, and regular content updates to facilitate early engagement. Almost all participants in the NHS-digital-DPP started using the apps. Differences across providers identified by the mixed methods analysis provide the opportunity to identify features that are important for engagement with digital health interventions and could inform the design of other digital behavior change interventions.

"What Made My Eating Disorder Worse?" The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.

(1) Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent confinements have led to a dramatic increase in anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescent patients, whereas the effect on symptom severity and the influencing factors are not yet clear, especially not from the adolescents' perspective. (2) Methods: from February to October 2021, 38 adolescent patients with AN completed an adjusted version of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), a self-report questionnaire asking for ED symptomatology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and for their experiences with remote treatment. (3) Results: patients reported a significant negative impact of confinement on ED symptoms, depression, anxiety, and emotional regulation. During the pandemic, engagement with weight and body image was related to social media, and mirror checking increased. The patients were more preoccupied with cooking recipes and had more eating-related conflicts with their parents. However, the differences in the amount of engagement with social media actively glorifying AN before and during the pandemic did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The minority of patients who received remote treatment found it to be only limitedly helpful. (4) Conclusions: from the patients' perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic-associated confinement had a detrimental effect on the symptoms of adolescent patients with AN.

Trends in and relations between children's health-related behaviors pre-, mid- and post-Covid.

Covid-19 has had a major negative impact on children's engagement in health-related behaviors. This study examines trends in children's screen time, outdoor play and sports club membership in pre- (2016-19), mid- (2020-21) and post- (2021-22) Covid years. Also, predicting factors (gender, age and active commuting) of these health-related behaviors are examined. Data were collected via yearly self-report questionnaires among pupils in Grades 3-6 (mean age 10.14 ± 1.25 years; total n over the five cohorts = 6351, 50.8% girls). Multilevel path models were constructed in Mplus to examine whether children's screen time, outdoor play and sports club membership differed between pre-, mid- and post-Covid years; and which factors predicted engagement in these health-related behaviors (using data of all cohorts). During and after Covid-19, children's screen time was higher, while they engaged less in outdoor play and were less often member of a sports club than before. Although these negative trends peaked during Covid-19, they slowly seem to be returning to pre-Covid levels in recent year. Younger children, girls and active commuters had less minutes screen time per day and played outdoors more days per week; boys and active commuters were more often sports club member. Although in the first year post-Covid children seem to be engaging more in health-related behaviors than during Covid-19, we still found lower levels of engagement than in the years before Covid-19, underlining the importance of early intervention to ensure an appropriate amount of engagement in health-related behaviors for all children.

Social Media Counterpublics and the Chief Big Foot Memorial Ride

The annual Chief Big Foot Memorial Ride represents the longest continuous example of Lakota memorial and resistance rides in contemporary Lakota activism. First held in 1986, this commemoration of the journey of Chief Big Foot’s band of Lakotas and the subsequent Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 now reaches beyond the confines of the ride itself through the use of social media profiles that serve to both publicize and document the ride. This article seeks to understand the way that photographs from the rides influence the types and amount of engagement it receives on social media. Using a qualitative and quantitative approach, 304 images and their associated engagements from the 2018 ride were analyzed using content analysis and a grounded theory approach. This revealed that certain characteristics gave rise to the construction of a counterpublic around this ride. Findings suggest that both the content of photos and types of authors for posts influenced the number and types of engagements received by certain photographs. Given the relative isolation of many Indigenous communities in the Americas, these findings suggest that certain strategies for social media posts by Indigenous social movements can overcome these barriers to spread their message to a wider audience through strategic use of imagery associated with these movements.

Using Social Media Engagement to Raise Pre-Diabetes Awareness for Rural Idaho Hispanics or Latinos

Background: Pre-diabetes is a condition that usually has no symptoms, which can lead to decreased awareness of its presence. Like other chronic diseases, pre-diabetes disproportionately affects Hispanic/Latinos populations and places them at greater risk for severe consequences. Latinos are not fully aware of what pre-diabetes is or how it differs from diabetes. This represents a healthcare disparity that requires engagement with the Latino population to address it. Complications of diabetes could be dramatically reduced by increasing awareness of pre-diabetes through engagement with Latinos, health care providers, and pre-diabetes awareness for Latinos. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand how effective the use of a targeted social media campaign could increase awareness of prediabetes. Design and sample: A two-week long Facebook campaign was conducted with four ads targeted to Idahoans aged 18 plus. These messages involved awareness of prediabetes. The amount of engagement was tracked including shares, reactions, and views. Paid boosts were used to evaluate the natural reach of the messages versus reach with a paid boost. Results: Combined reach of all four posts was 36,578. Organic reach was 7,416 or 20.2% of views while paid reach comprised 29,162 or 79.7% of views. Total reactions totaled 627 with 538 or 85.8% being “like.” The second highest reaction was sad with 37 or 6.7%; all the sad reactions were limited to post one and post three. Conclusion: Use of Facebook appears appropriate to reach individuals with health-related messages, though it is clear that the use of paid boosts improves reach.

Otolaryngology Societies on Popular Social Media Platforms

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the use of social media, including Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok amongst otolaryngology societies. Study Design: Online assessment of social media pages and engagement amongst otolaryngology societies. Setting: Otolaryngology societies and their online engagement with the general community as well as those in the field of otolaryngology. Methods: A list of otolaryngology societies affiliated with Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meetings (COSM)and American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNSF) were compiled. Two reviewers independently accessed popular social media platforms for societal accounts and their online engagement. Results: There is a wide range of social media participation amongst societies. The American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) has the highest numbers of followers on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. The highest follower count on Twitter and Facebook was followed by the American Otological Society (AOS). The American Laryngological Association had no social media accounts. On YouTube, The American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) had the highest amount of engagement. Conclusion: Social media usage and a robust online presence can provide patients a source of reliable healthcare information, educational opportunities to residents, and may be used for recruitment. Otolaryngology societies should consider improving their social media presence as a way to educate the public, patients, and future recruits.

The Relationship Between Weight Loss Outcomes and Engagement in a Mobile Behavioral Change Intervention: Retrospective Analysis.

BackgroundThere is large variance in weight loss outcomes of digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs). It has been suggested that different patterns of engagement in the program could be responsible for this variance in outcomes. Previous studies have found that the amount of engagement on DBCIs, such as the number of meals logged or articles read, is positively associated with weight loss.ObjectiveThis retrospective study extends previous research by observing how important weight loss outcomes (high weight loss: 10% or greater body weight loss; moderate weight loss: between 5% to 10%; stable weight: 0 plus or minus 1%) are associated with engagement on a publicly available mobile DBCI (Noom) from 9 to 52 weeks.MethodsEngagement and weight data for eligible participants (N=11,252) were extracted from the Noom database. Engagement measures included the number of articles read, meals logged, steps recorded, messages to coach, exercise logged, weigh-ins, and days with 1 meal logged per week. Weight was self-reported on the program. Multiple linear regressions examined how weight loss outcome (moderate and high vs stable) was associated with each engagement measure across 3 study time periods: 9-16 weeks, 17-32 weeks, and 33-52 weeks.ResultsAt 9-16 weeks, among the 11,252 participants, 2594 (23.05%) had stable weight, 6440 (57.23%) had moderate weight loss, and 2218 (19.71%) had high weight loss. By 33-52 weeks, 525 (18.21%) had stable weight, 1214 (42.11%) had moderate weight loss, and 1144 (39.68%) had high weight loss. Regression results showed that moderate weight loss and high weight loss outcomes were associated with all engagement measures to a significantly greater degree than was stable weight (all P values <.001). These differences held across all time periods with the exception of exercise for the moderate weight loss category at 1 time period of 33-52 weeks. Exercise logging increased from 9 to 52 weeks regardless of the weight loss group.ConclusionsOur results suggest that these clinically important weight loss outcomes are related to the number of articles read, meals logged, steps recorded, messages to coach, exercise logged, weigh-ins, and days with 1 meal logged per week both in the short-term and long-term (ie, 1 year) on Noom. This provides valuable data on engagement patterns over time on a self-directed mobile DBCI, can help inform how interventions tailor recommendations for engagement depending on how much weight individuals have lost, and raises important questions for future research on engagement in DBCIs.

Student driver propensity to engage with distractions – a self-report survey

This paper reports a survey of engagement with, and ratings of, driver distraction, for undergraduate student drivers. Survey data was collected using an anonymous online questionnaire. 530 respondents contributed to the survey during a seven-year data collection period.Results indicate that the three internal-to-vehicle behaviours rated as most distracting when driving were ‘writing text messages’, ‘internet use’, and ‘reading text messages’. The three most frequently undertaken distractions were, ‘(interactions with) adults’, ‘daydreaming’, and ‘eating, drinking or smoking’. Considering external-to-vehicle distractions, the top three rated were ‘environmental conditions’, ‘unexpected objects or events’, and ‘animals behaving unexpectedly’; while the most frequently experienced external distractions were ‘people (behaving normally), ‘busy roads’ and ‘official signage’. Some evidence was found that internal-to-vehicle distractions were relatively more distracting than external-to-vehicle ones, along with limited findings showing significant variation in the amount of engagement with distractions over time. Significant predictive models for engagement with distraction were calculated (for both work-related and non-work-related driving) and found to be broadly in agreement with previous research, although accounting for less variance in the models. Significantly greater engagement with distractions was found during non-work-related driving, when compared to work-related.The data present a picture of ongoing and substantial engagement with distracting behaviours for this population over the data collection period. For example, on a daily or weekly basis, more than three-fifths of respondents reported willingness to read text messages with the vehicle in motion; while just under half indicated that they typically write text messages in the same circumstances. However, the findings do offer some promise that interventions targeted towards non-work-related driving behaviours may be effective to reduce volitional engagement with distractions.

81 Health information in the era of social media: An analysis of the nature and accuracy of posts made by public facebook pages for patients with endometriosis

Patients are increasingly turning to social media as a source of emotional support and medical information. The objective of this study is to analyze the nature and accuracy of social media (Facebook) content related to endometriosis. A search of public Facebook pages during Endometriosis Awareness Month (March 2020) was performed using the key word “endometriosis.” Posts from the study period were categorized and analyzed for accuracy. Posts were placed into 11 categories through thematic evaluation by two independent researchers. Categories included the following: educational, emotional support, advocacy, discussion, events, humor, promotional, recipes, resources, surveys, and other. Posts categorized as “educational” were further subcategorized and reviewed. Each posted fact was cross-referenced in peer-reviewed scientific journals to determine whether the claim made was evidence-based. To analyze the effect of post category on engagement in the post, we used Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared tests, and Pearson's correlation test to analyze correlation between engagement in evidenced based posts. Ninety-three Facebook pages were identified using the search term “endometriosis,” and 1,464 posts from the study period were evaluated. Emotional support posts comprised the largest category of posts (48%), followed by educational (21%), events (10.3%), promotional (6.1%), humor (4.7%), discussion (3.6%), advocacy (2.6%), other (1.1%), recipes (0.83%), resources (0.76%), and surveys (0.34%). Within the educational category, the epidemiology and pathophysiology subcategory comprised the largest subcategory (42.0%), followed by symptoms (19.6%), pharmaceutical treatment (7.8%), peer-reviewed papers (7.5%), surgery (5.6%), fertility (5.3%), other (4.7%), diagnosis (3.8%), alternative treatments (2.8%), and advocacy (1.3%). Results show that post category had an effect on the amount of engagement in a post (P value < 0.001). Emotional posts had 70% of the overall engagement while educational posts had 20%. A similar effect of the sub-categories of the educational posts on engagement was also seen (P value = 0.0007). Posts were more engaging if they contained epidemiology and pathophysiology information, with 44% of all engagement of educational posts being within this subcategory. There was no correlation between engagement in a post and how accurate the post was (P value = 0.3117). Educational posts were found to be 93.93% accurate. Facebook pages offer emotional support and education to people with endometriosis. A majority of the information found in these Facebook pages is evidence-based. Healthcare providers should consider discussing the use of Facebook pages as a resource for their patients diagnosed with endometriosis.

Anonymity, User Engagement, Quality, and Trolling on Q&amp;A Sites

In online question and answer (Q&amp;A) communities, people ask questions and share answers at all levels of topic sensitivity. Identity options within these communities range from anonymity to real name. The amount of engagement, and the quality of engagement on Q&amp;A sites may differ depending on the identity options available. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the amount of engagement, the quality of engagement, and different types of identity by analyzing three Q&amp;A sites with different identity policies. We find that highly sensitive questions are more likely to be asked anonymously. Furthermore, allowing anonymity does not affect answer quality and only has a weak, negative indirect effect on engagement. On the other hand, anonymity leads to more trolling. We suggest online communities provide a way for users to ask highly sensitive questions anonymously and pair this with moderation mechanisms to reduce trolling

Efficacy of an interactive apparatus as environmental enrichment for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment is a key component in improving the psychological and physiological well-being of animals under professional care. Environmental enrichment involves the addition of stimuli, including objects and cognitive challenges, into the environment in order to increase species-specific behaviour and provide opportunities for choice and control. The effectiveness of enrichment should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine if the desired result has been achieved. Environmental enrichment devices (EEDs) can be utilised to present novel problems to animals under professional care. Here, a submerged interactive cognitive apparatus was presented to eight bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) five days a week for 18 weeks and behavioural indicators of animal welfare assessed. As a group, dolphins spent more time in social swims compared to solitary swims and more time at the bottom of the habitat than the middle or top throughout the day, even when the apparatus was not immediately available. Individuals’ differences were apparent in the type and amount of engagement with the apparatus. Three dolphins engaged with the apparatus by solving it or consuming the reward. Two dolphins, D4 and D8, engaged simultaneously with the apparatus and participated in more social swimming with each other. D4 solved the interactive apparatus and engaged in more social active and solitary active behaviours. D1 and D4 increased their use of the bottom of the habitat. This study is the first report of underwater enrichment increasing dolphins time at depth throughout the day even when the enrichment device is not available. The interactive apparatus was an effective form of enrichment for dolphins participating in successful trials.

How Do the Locking Screws Lock? A Micro-CT Study of 3.5-mm Locking Screw Mechanism.

To quantify the amount of the screw head thread and the plate hole thread connection in two 3.5 mm locking plates: Locking Compression Plate (LCP) and Polyaxial Locking System (PLS). A micro - CT scan of a screw head - plate hole connection was performed pre- and post destructive tests. Tests were performed on bone surrogates in a fracture gap model. The 3.5 LCP and 3.5 PLS plates, with 3 perpendicular screws per segment were used in a destructive static test. The 3.5 PLS plates with mono- and polyaxial screws were compared in a cyclic fatigue tests in two orthogonal directions. Pre - and post - test scan datasets were compared. Each dataset was converted into serial images depicting sections cut orthogonally to locking screw axis. The amount of engagement was detected through automated image postprocessing. The mean amount of the thread connection for the LCP was 28.85% before and 18.55% after destructive static test. The mean amount of the connection for the PLS was 16.20% before and 14.55% after destructive static test. When inserted monoaxially, the mean amount of the connection for the PLS screws was 14.4% before and 19.24% after destructive cyclic test. The mean amount of the connection for the polyaxial inserted PLS screws when loaded against plate thickness was 2.99% before and 2.08% after destructive cyclic test. The mean amount of the connection for the polyaxial inserted PLS screws when loaded against plate width was 3.36% before and 3.93% after destructive cyclic test. The 3D visualization of the thread connection showed that the initial interface points between screw head and plate hole are different for both LCP and PLS after the destructive testing. Depending on the type of applied force, there was either loss or increase of the contact. Micro-CT offers news possibilities in locking implant investigation. It might be helpful in better understanding the nature of locking mechanism and prediction of possible mode of failure in different systems.

The developmental and professional activities of female international soccer players from five high-performing nations

ABSTRACT We study the developmental and professional activities engaged in by 86 female adult soccer players from the senior national teams of Australia, Canada, England, Sweden, and the United States of America. Players completed the Participation History Questionnaire (PHQ) to elicit the amount and type of activities engaged in across their developmental and professional years, including milestones, soccer-specific activity and engagement in other sport activity. Greater specialisation than diversification characterised their childhood developmental activities, including all players starting in soccer in childhood and accumulating more hours in soccer activity than other sports during this period. However, interindividual variation further characterised these childhood activities, with a proportion of players diversifying into other sports and/or soccer play to a greater or lesser degree during childhood when compared to the other players. The amount of coach-led soccer practice increased for all players across their development culminating in an average of 15–16 h/wk across a 40-week season in early adulthood. In contrast, the amount of engagement in other sports and soccer peer-led play varied between players but generally decreased across adolescence to negligible amounts in late adolescence. Findings are commensurate with the deliberate practice framework and early engagement.

A Sociotechnical Systems Approach Toward Tailored Design for Personal Health Information Management.

We used a sociotechnical systems approach-which conceptualizes a system of interacting people, technologies, and tasks, to identify individual differences in personal health information management (PHIM) that can inform the design for patient-friendly environments, tools and technologies. We conducted a secondary thematic analysis of data collected as part of a parent project, vizHOME. The goal of vizHOME was to improve health and health outcomes through identifying key features in the environment that will inform the design of consumer health information technology HIT. We analyzed interview data collected from 20 individuals with diabetes. We found seven dimensions of PHIM: (1) level of privacy preferred for PHIM; (2) amount of engagement in PHIM; (3) extent of guidance preferred for PHIM; (4) level of documentation preferred for PHIM; (5) degree of physical distribution of PHIM; (6) amount of flexibility in PHIM routine; and (7) use of external cues to manage PHIM. Our results suggest that each dimension exists as a continuum, which are anchored from low to high. Exploring the interaction between PHIM and the sociotechnical system in which PHIM is performed revealed key dimensions of PHIM as well as individual differences in those PHIM dimensions. Identification of individual differences in PHIM can support the creation of human-centered design considerations for tailored environments, products, processes, and technologies that support PHIM. Future research will seek to validate PHIM dimensions in a larger population and develop a PHIM-typing measure to identify PHIM types toward tailoring processes, products, and to individual needs in context.

EXAMINING SEX DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS

Research has demonstrated sex-associated differences in physical activity and its benefits on cognition in older adults. The present study explored differential associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and executive function, which is known to decline with aging. N = 53 older adults without cognitive impairment (M = 73.19 years, SD = 6.53) wore accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) during 7 consecutive days. Activity intensity was categorized as light, moderate, or vigorous based on Freedson Adult Vector Magnitude cutpoints. Participants completed a battery of executive function tests: Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Verbal Fluency, Trail Making Test, and Stroop Color-Word Test. A cognitive composite score was created using confirmatory factor analysis. Women had a higher mean MVPA (4.57%) than men (2.64%, t (19.04) = -2.49, p = .022). However, executive function performance did not differ by sex (t (26.20) = 1.67, p =.107). The interaction between sex and time in MVPA did not predict performance on executive function, adjusting for age and education. Older age was the only significant predictor of poorer executive function (β = -0.038, p = .003). The current sample had limited engagement in MVPA (range 0.18-10.87%). These findings suggest that the amount of engagement in MVPA in a free-living environment may not be sufficient to demonstrate sex-associated differences in executive function performance. Future studies should explore executive function performance with other intensity levels and examine other areas of cognition.

Do Daily Fluctuations in Psychological and App-Related Variables Predict Engagement With an Alcohol Reduction App? A Series of N-Of-1 Studies.

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified psychological and smartphone app–related predictors of engagement with alcohol reduction apps at a group level. However, strategies to promote engagement need to be effective at the individual level. Evidence as to whether group-level predictors of engagement are also predictive for individuals is lacking.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether daily fluctuations in (1) the receipt of a reminder, (2) motivation to reduce alcohol, (3) perceived usefulness of the app, (4) alcohol consumption, and (5) perceived lack of time predicted within-person variability in the frequency and amount of engagement with an alcohol reduction app.MethodsWe conducted a series of observational N-of-1 studies. The predictor variables were measured twice daily for 28 days via ecological momentary assessments. The outcome variables were measured through automated recordings of the participants’ app screen views. A total of nine London-based adults who drank alcohol excessively and were willing to set a reduction goal took part. Each participant’s dataset was analyzed separately using generalized additive mixed models to derive incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the within-person associations of the predictor and outcome variables. Debriefing interviews, analyzed using thematic analysis, were used to contextualize the findings.ResultsPredictors of the frequency and amount of engagement differed between individuals, and for the variables 'perceived usefulness of the app' and 'perceived lack of time', the direction of associations also differed between individuals. The most consistent predictors of within-person variability in the frequency of engagement were the receipt of a daily reminder (IRR=1.80-3.88; P<.05) and perceived usefulness of the app (IRR=0.82-1.42; P<.05). The most consistent predictors of within-person variability in the amount of engagement were motivation to reduce alcohol (IRR=1.67-3.45; P<.05) and perceived usefulness of the app (IRR=0.52-137.32; P<.05).ConclusionsThe utility of the selected psychological and app-related variables in predicting the frequency and amount of engagement with an alcohol reduction app differed at the individual level. This highlights that key within-person associations may be masked in group-level designs and suggests that different strategies to promote engagement may be required for different individuals.

Searching for lymphoma: An analysis of internet and social network activity and engagement.

e18102 Background: Online search engines, forums and social networks can offer an important space to ask questions and share experiences. Online searches, forums and social networks have become one of the most common ways patients learn about their lymphoma. However, not much is known about which sites and online sources engage people on the topic of lymphoma and which social networks are used to learn and/or share experiences. Methods: Our objective was to analyze the sites with the most engagement online on the topic of lymphoma. We used an online analytical research program (BuzzSumo), which can assess specific content and identify sites that generate the greatest frequency of engagement across social platforms. Our analysis covered activity from 2/2014-2/2019. Results: From the analysis of 9,141 online articles on the topic of lymphoma and 662,690 engagements, we found that the social network that was used the most was Facebook and to a much lesser extent Twitter. The Pinterest and Reddit platforms were not engaged on this topic. Most engagements were with “List” and “What you should know” articles on lymphoma for both Facebook and Twitter with a significantly lesser amount of engagement for video content. Articles on lymphoma less than 2000 words had the most engagement. A number of different types of sites generated the most engagements -- ranging from media outlets, lymphoma foundations and large medical centers. An analysis of 28,863 Facebook posts on lymphoma with 4,765,956 total engagements revealed that video posts generated the most engagements and that posts that were &gt; 300 characters generated more engagement. An analysis of questions asked online mentioning lymphoma revealed that the most common topics were that of “diagnosis” and associated emotions – “worried” or “scared.” Conclusions: Online articles and social networks have become integrated into our daily lives. It is important that we start to understand how these information sources are being used by patients, caregivers and health care providers. Our analysis of online engagement on the topic of lymphoma is an example of how analytical programs can be used to help understand where and how people are engaging to learn and share their experiences with lymphoma.

Sports participation is inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels in adolescents: ABCD Growth Study.

To analyze the relationship between sports participation and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in adolescents and to identify the possible role of mediation developed by trunk fatness (TF). Cross-sectional design, part of the longitudinal study entitled "Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth" (ABCD Growth Study), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. The sample comprised 259 adolescents (14.7±2.1 [182 boys and 77 girls]) stratified according to sex and engagement in sports in agreement with the inclusion criteria: absence of any known diseases; previous engagement in sports for at least 12months (≥300minutes weekly); no regular engagement in sports in the previous 12months (non-regular sports participation or <300min/wk); written parental consent and adolescents' assent both signed. Engagement in sports was self-reported. CRP levels were used to assess the inflammatory status. TF was estimated by a densitometer scanner. Age, biological maturation, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were treated as covariates. There was no mediation effect of TF in the association of any indicators of sports practice and CRP. However, a direct effect of sports was observed on CRP levels when considering previous months of engagement, frequency, and volume of sports for boys and also previous months of engagement in sports for girls. Previous sports participation and the amount of engagement in sports per week (≥300min/wk) presented an inverse relationship with CRP levels; however, trunk fatness did not mediate this process.