Amount Of Economic Damage Research Articles

Инженерная методика оперативного прогнозирования степеней разрушения жилых зданий при воздействии обычных средств поражения

PURPOSE. In the works previously performed by the authors it has been proposed to determine conditions for buildings destruction by the method of the stress state automated calculating their building structures after external loads redistribution as a result of “destroyed” elements removal from the design scheme. This has made it possible to determine for the first time the types and number of the buildings supporting structures elements, whose destruction leads to their collapse. In addition, the degree of building destruction is determined not by the amount of overpressure in the front of the air shock wave acting on the building, but by the amount of economic damage, based on the feasibility of its restoration, depending on the proportion of destroyed interconnected structural elements of the building. For the first time, it allows promptly predicting both the degree of individual buildings destruction and their groups in the lesion focus. METHODS. The authors have used positions of the probability theory and the apparatus of mathematical statistics, as well as methods for determining the overpressure in the front of the air shock wave under the influence of conventional destruction means. FINDINGS. As a criterion for the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for forecasting the degree of buildings destruction under the influence of conventional destruction means, the accuracy increase degree of buildings destruction level determining has been taken. A comparative calculation of the brick building destruction degree has been made. With regard to panel and monolithic buildings, it is impossible to perform comparative calculations, due to lack of data on the magnitude of overpressure in the front of the nuclear explosion air shock wave, which causes weak, medium, strong and complete destruction of residential buildings of these types. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results can be used to forecast the volume of emergency recovery work in relation to residential buildings and areas of cities and economic facilities under the influence of conventional destruction means as well as to develop measures to ensure the stability of residential buildings functioning as a result of conventional destruction means impact. CONCLUSIONS. Scientific and methodological approaches for the operational forecasting the residential buildings destruction degree under the influence of conventional destruction means are proposed. The analysis of comparative calculations shows that the accuracy of the developed methodology application in comparison with the existing ones is increased by 50 %.

Риск-ориентированная модель организации и осуществления федерального государственного энергетического надзора

Risk-oriented approach in the implementation of control (supervision) activities is an important state task that affects the country economy. As part of the implementation of the priority area of reforming control and supervision activities, the Federal Law «On the state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation» was adopted, which comes into force on July 1, 2021. In order to implement the Federal Law «On state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation», it is advisable to revise the regulation on the federal state energy supervision. It is required to study the issue of taking into account the risks of causing harm (damage) to legally protected values when carrying out control (supervision) activities in relation to the subjects (objects) of the energy sector, as well as criteria for assigning it to the risk category and indicators of the risk of mandatory requirements violation. Currently, the only criterion for assigning the harm (damage) to the risk category is the dependence on the established and (or) transmitted capacity of the energy facilities used, which is nonobjective due to the changes in the normative-regulatory framework for the implementation of control and supervision activities. It is required to study the issue of categorization depending on the established (transmitted) capacity of the object, the amount of economic damage as a result of the implementation of emergency situations and (or) emergency incidents (in value terms), the number of people killed (irretrievable losses), the number of people whose vital functions were disrupted as a result of the implementation of emergency situations and (or) emergency incidents.

Анализ применения методов смещенного идеала и анализа иерархий при категорировании объекта топливно-энергетического комплекса

The article deals with the issues of ensuring industrial safety of the objects of fuel and energy complex and hazardous production facilities in other sectors of the national economy. It is recommended to analyze the consequences of emergencies considering the importance of such criteria, as the emergency area, the amount of social damage, the amount of economic damage. At the stage of determining the importance of the above criteria, the study is carried out related to possible scenarios of an emergency development. The importance of the criteria is determined by using the methods of expert evaluations, which allow to use decision-making methods: the method of hierarchy analysis and the method of the displaced ideal. The likely violator will seek to have a destructive impact on the vulnerable areas of hazardous production facilities with the prospect of developing an emergency in scenarios with the most destructive consequences. Therefore, the application of multicriteria optimization methods to predict the development of an emergency, in particular, the method of the displaced ideal and the method of hierarchy analysis, will allow to objectively identify among possible combinations of failures the priority scenario, that a potential internal violator will strive to implement. In turn, the determination of vulnerable for committing an act of unlawful interference (through technical influence by the violator) in the production and technological process will allow the preventive use of the method of physical safety barriers to enhance technological safety. The section of the process flow diagram — isomerization reactor furnace at the organic synthesis facility is considered in the article. The method of the displaced ideal and the full method of hierarchy analysis determine the same, the most prioritized combination for the violator. The software implementation of this approach for determining the priority scenario for the development of an emergency will allow to develop the decision-making technology at hazardous production facilities in matters of ensuring industrial safety within the framework of the strategy for the development of artificial intelligence in industry.

Analysis of the economic efficiency of antiparasitic treatments in sheep breeding in the Stavropol Territory

The purpose of the research is to analyze the economic efficiency of planned antiparasitic deworming in sheep-breeding farms by the veterinary service of the region.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using statistical data from the Veterinary Directorate of the Stavropol Territory for 2015-2019 and guidelines for determining the economic efficiency of antiparasitic measures. Economic losses were estimated at regional purchase prices for livestock products as of 2019. The calculations used indicators such as morbidity, mortality, and specific losses of the main product (meat, wool) per sick animal. The economic efficiency of veterinary measures for parasitic diseases of sheep was determined by the indicator of the prevented economic damage.Results and discussion. Analysis of the results of the treatment of sheep by the veterinary service of the region over a five-year period for the prevention of parasitic diseases showed that they annually carry out a large amount of antiparasitic treatments, but it should be noted that their number for all infestations decreased in 2019 compared to 2015 from 10180.0 thousand to 5231.0 thousand. Actual economic damage from parasitic diseases amounted to 10343.5 thousand rubles, and the amount of economic damage prevented as a result of planned deworming of sheep was 3.6 times higher than the amount of actual economic damage and amounted to 37895.7 thousand rubles.

Economic assessment of the damage caused by sudden death in the workplace in the leading sectors of the region’s economy

Introduction. Research on the health status of workers in various sectors of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) shows an increase in premature mortality of people of working age in the workplace from general diseases. A few works on this topic are devoted to determining the damage that this causes to the economy in territorial and sectoral terms. A new aspect of the study is the economic assessment of losses from deaths that are sudden in nature, occur in the workplace, and are classified in the investigation as an accident not related to production. The aim of the study is to perform an economic assessment of the damage caused by sudden death in the workplace due to industrial accidents with a fatal outcome from general diseases in organizations of the leading sectors of the economy of the RB. Materials and methods . The economic assessment of the damage caused by sudden death in the workplace due to total diseases among employees in the leading sectors of the economy of the RB is based on the following data: the average annual number of employees in the economy by type of economic activity (TEA); gross regional product in basic prices; the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees of foreign trade organizations; the number of fatalities in the workplace due to total diseases; the number of working years lost due to the occurrence of an employee’s premature death. Damage in the context of the leading sectors of the region’s economy, as well as the total amount of damage for 2014-2018 were calculated in a tabular way. The results were processed using the MS Excel package. Results. The greatest damage from industrial accidents with fatal results from total diseases was observed in the manufacturing industry. For 2017-2018, the amount of damage in terms of under-produced gross regional product in the leading sectors of the economy amounted to 102.37 million rubles. The total amount of economic damage for 2014-2018, calculated on the basis of the average monthly nominal accrued wages, for all foreign trade activities amounted to 231.574 million rubles. According to this indicator, the amount of damage from industrial accidents with a fatal outcome from total diseases increased from 35.233 million rubles (2014) to 63.793 million rubles (2018), i.e. by 1.8 times. Conclusions. To reduce the amount of economic damage and prevent labor losses, measures to prevent sudden deaths from total diseases in the workplace, especially in enterprises with a high value of this indicator, have the greatest effect. The data obtained can be used in planning investments in prevention programs to prevent and reduce the risk of sudden death from general diseases in the workplace.

Economic regulators of nature management of countries and regions of the Economic corridor

The article actualizes scientific and practical approaches to the use of economic tools of nature management of countries and regions of the Economic Corridor. The features of economic regulation of environmental protection in Mongolia, the effect of some nature management tools in Russia and China are shown. An environmental and economic assessment of damage from anthropogenic activities, compensation payments and environmental protection investments of countries and regions is given. Positive dynamics are revealed, allowing to compensate for the amount of economic damage due to environmental pollution. Negative tendencies are identified that show a significant excess of economic damage from air pollution over pollution charges.

The impact of military engagement in disaster management on civil–military relations

The frequency, scope and intensity of natural disasters are increasing, and so too are the number of victims, related deaths and the amount of economic damage. The increasing frequency of disasters often overwhelms civilian management structures and demands the engagement of the military. This has generated new problems and controversies. However, mainstream scholarship in this field has so far failed adequately to address civil–military relations in disaster management. This article highlights the issue and addresses the various arguments used to advocate or reject military involvement in disaster management: militarisation, utilitarian, security-strategic, functional-humanitarian and rejection-isolation arguments. This epistemological and ontological approach identifies, depicts and classifies the arguments. It also identifies the various controversies that accompany military engagement in disaster management as a basis for future research into civil–military relations in the field.

Spatial Incidence of Economic Benefit of Road-Network Investments: Case Studies under the Usual and Disaster Scenarios

Road networks can be considered local public goods. Hence, if they are to be efficient social choices from an economic perspective, their spatial benefit incidence should be equal to their cost burden in each region. An analysis of benefit incidence should consider not only a usual scenario but also a disaster scenario because the redundancy effect is expected to reduce the amount of economic damage incurred during a disaster. The authors’ research group has developed a spatial computable general equilibrium model (RAEM-Light) that can be applied to small spatial regions. The RAEM-Light model was used to analyze the benefit incidence in the development and maintenance stages of proposed road networks under a usual and a disaster scenario. The spatial incidence of the economic effect of road investment differs between the usual and the disaster scenarios for both the development and maintenance stages. As Japan becomes more decentralized, it will become more important to determine the optimum allocation of the road-network cost burden among local governments, taking into account differences in the spatial benefit incidence at each stage and in each scenario. However, to minimize the economic losses incurred by a disaster such as the Tohoku earthquake (March 11, 2011), more centralized decision making may be necessary, although this is not efficient social choice from an economic perspective.