Amount Of Detachment Research Articles

Model Characterizes Formation Damage Caused by Fines Breakage and Migration

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 208810, “Formation Damage Caused by Fines Breakage and Migration,” by Abolfazi Hashemi, Sara Borazjani, and Bryant Dang-Le, SPE, University of Adelaide, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Fines migration is a major cause of formation damage; the detached clays migrate and impair well productivity. Two types of damaging clays are encountered in petroleum reservoirs: authigenic clays that grew on the grain surfaces during geological times, and detrital clays that have been broken off the grains because of local stresses. The aim of the work described in the complete paper was the development of a laboratory procedure to estimate formation damage by authigenic clays and the derivation of a mathematical model for core scale. Background Detrital particles are attached to a substrate by an electrostatic force and can be modeled using the DLVO theory. Most core samples, however, have some authigenic clay content (i.e., clay particles bonded to rock). To study formation damage caused by the detachment of authigenic clay, a new formulation should be presented. The formulation should be based on failure or breakage criteria of the contact bond between the particle and a substrate. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the theory for detachment of a single authigenic particle is not available. The purpose of this study was the development of a laboratory-based mathematical model to estimate formation damage by authigenic clays. In the complete paper, the authors assumed that the bond between the authigenic clay and rock acts as a cantilever beam. The cohesive beam model (CBM) was applied to formulate the detachment of the particle because of the applied drag force. The stress state at the bond was governed by the Timoshenko beam theory. These equations are applicable for the elastic limit of both brittle (elastic) and ductile (elastic/plastic) materials, and only different failure criteria were applied. Kaolinite in porous media was assumed to be elastic/perfectly plastic. For defining failure for this type of material, yield criteria were applied. The von Mises yield criterion was used to define failure. For detachment of every particle, a specific drag force or a fluid velocity must be applied. Because a large number of particles with different random properties exist in porous media, by considering a distribution for each property, a distribution for detachment velocity can be obtained. By taking an integral from this distribution bounding to experimental velocities, the amount of detachment between two fluid velocities can be obtained. The same procedure can be followed for detrital particles and authigenic particles. Total detachment concentration is the sum of authigenic and detrital particles. The total detachment is matched with laboratory data. Having obtained the matching parameters, a maximum retention function curve can be plotted. This new maximum retention function takes into account the detachment of both authigenic and detrital particles. In the complete paper, the authors initially presented the assumptions of their models, then governing equations for detrital particle detachment and detachment of authigenic particles; finally, the formation damage formulation and solutions were provided, which are applicable for both detrital and authigenic particles.

Recipient Factors Associated With Graft Detachment of a Subsequent Eye in Sequential Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

To evaluate the recipient factors associated with graft detachment in the subsequent eye of patients who underwent sequential Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). A retrospective, consecutive case series with 158 eyes of 79 patients who underwent DMEK surgeries in both eyes between October 2013 and April 2019 for treatment of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. The main outcome measure was the presence of graft detachment (any amount of detachment) at postoperative 1 week in the subsequent eye. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were evaluated for association with graft detachment. Of 79 patients (158 eyes) with a mean follow-up of 11.7 ± 8.4 months, 18 patients (36 eyes) developed graft detachment in both eyes 1 week postoperatively. The risk of detachment in the subsequent eye was increased when the first eye had any amount of detachment [odds ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-7.3; P = 0.037]. When the first eye had a clinically significant detachment (>30% detached), the risk of detachment occurring in the subsequent eye was greater (odds ratio = 15.7; 95% CI = 1.8-134.5; P = 0.012). This risk of graft detachment in the subsequent eye increased 33% for every 5% increase in the detachment percentage in the first eye (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.6; P = 0.008). The presence of graft detachment after DMEK increases the risk of graft detachment in subsequent DMEK in the contralateral eye. Modification in perioperative care and surgical technique in the contralateral eye, such as a larger gas bubble, use of SF6 20%, and combining cataract surgery, may be needed when graft detachment occurs after DMEK in the first eye.

A Classic Book Review of 'Judicial Strictures: Liberty of Judicial Expression and Restraint' by Dr. Tirlok Nath Arora

Dr. Arora starts this book with the question on judicial independence and liberty of judicial expression on the bench and of the bench. Some judges are prone to make carping remarks about individuals and organizations during the hearing or in their judgments which get headlines in the media. The justification for such remarks has been the subject of academic discussion. A measure of aloofness from political controversy has to be an essential part of judges life. Judges are human beings and they cannot be expected from withholding their own opinions – sometimes strong which may or may not be warranted. What is not warranted is the expression of the same in the public. Judges, we should remember, are human beings, not disembodied spirits; they respond to human emotions. The great tides and currents which engulf the rest of mankind, in the words of Cardozo do not turn aside in their course and pass the judges idly by. Yes notwithstanding the human factor the courts operate in a setting that forces responsibility upon them. Judges are bound within the walls, lines, and limits that are often unseen by the laymen – walls, lines and limits built from the heritage of the law; the impact of the cases as they come down through the years; the regard for precedent, the self imposed practice of judicial restraint, in brief, the tradition of the law. It is also an essential requisite for a judge to acquire a certain amount of detachment and the discernment, so that he is not carried away by popular catch words and shibboleths. He must always beware of the danger which underlines the disposition to take the immediate for the eternal, the transitory for the permanent and the ephemeral for the timeless. This necessarily calls for a determined resistance to the hypothecation of the thinking process unwarranted remarks in the course of hearings have to be avoided, nor should a judge be given to over-speaking. If he does so, he lends himself to the charge of ill tuned symbol. (pp. ix-x) The book is very important collection of case law on the subject as it tells that the language to be used by the judge whether positively or negatively must be judicious. It tells judicious means which are required by the judicial function of a judge. It also tells that a judicial function is the due process and due process is a process which promotes dignity of mankind and mankind includes the judge and all actors in the process. This classic book is a primer which must be read, inter alia, by our students, our professors, our judges, our law professionals, and our social scientists. It will create a light within their hearts and will make it easy for them as to how much is useful to remain reasonable, logical, moderate, appropriate, cooperative, coordinating, and proving themselves as guards and security and guaranteeing safety throughout. When the object of all is to establish the truth and reality, no corner should be left to allow falsity in the society whether the level is individual, collective, international or even universal.

Systems Approach to Human Hair Fibers: Interdependence Between Physical, Mechanical, Biochemical and Geometric Properties of Natural Healthy Hair.

Contextual interpretation of hair fiber data is often blind to the effects of the dynamic complexity between different fiber properties. This intrinsic complexity requires systems thinking to decipher hair fiber accurately. Hair research, studied by various disciplines, follows a reductionist research approach, where elements of interest are studied from a local context with a certain amount of detachment from other elements or contexts. Following a systems approach, the authors are currently developing a cross-disciplinary taxonomy to provide a holistic view of fiber constituents and their interactions within large-scale dynamics. Based on the development process, this paper presents a review that explores the associated features, interrelationships and interactive complexities between physical, mechanical, biochemical and geometric features of natural, healthy hair fibers. Through the review, the importance of an appropriate taxonomy for interpreting hair fiber data across different disciplines is revealed. The review also demonstrates how seemingly unrelated fiber constituents are indeed interdependent and that these interdependencies may affect the behavior of the fiber. Finally, the review highlights how a non-integrative approach may have a negative impact on the reliability of hair data interpretation.

Grave Playfulness

Grave Playfulness J. D. Smith (bio) You’re Going to Miss Me When You’re Bored Justin Marks Barrelhouse Books www.barrelhousemag.com 74 Pages; Print, $10.00 In the long, long shadow of Confessionalism, American poetry has, in no small measure, relegated itself to a minor and poorly paid subgenre of memoir. Much of this poetry presents the minutiae of family background, bodily processes, and psychic distress as worthy of attention on the basis of their existence rather than the insight or technique the poet brings to them, blurring the line between art and art therapy. Survivors of open mics (some of whom may yet recover sufficiently to write memoirs of their own) can further share war stories of selves expressed that really needn’t have bothered, thanks. So, it is initially with some trepidation that a reviewer presses on in a book whose first poem begins with the word “I” and repeats it seven more times on the first page’s short lines. But “Voir Dire,” which begins Justin Marks’s second collection You’re Going to Miss Me When You’re Bored, quickly allays fears of yet another book of solipsistic poetry. Taking its name from the legal term for jury selection, “Voir Dire” serves as a six-page, one-stanza introduction to Marks’s persona and technique, which in part consists of appropriation and arrangement of text and speech from sources that include Kierkegaard and Sun Tzu as well as rock lyrics and statements by fellow New York subway riders. The poet speaks of himself but without Whitmanian bombast, instead noting the self and its details in passing, and with a certain amount of detachment, as some of what Chinese lore calls the ten thousand things of this world (One is reminded of Lawrence Joseph’s Curriculum Vitae [1988]). This catalog of perceptions, presented in lines with two principal stresses, gives us sequences such as: Sometimes I fallfor things I shouldn’t.I think of my parentswith a kindof regret and sympathyfor us all. A process,like anything else.A series of questionsraised in silence. This grave playfulness of free association continues in a more lapidary way in the free verse sonnet sequence “On Happier Lawns.” How Marks moves from one thought to the next does not lend itself to rational analysis or even a conventional explication of the text, but they do not veer into the studied randomness of the faux-Ashbery that has taken over the pages of many journals like so much inky kudzu. Instead, these poems can be taken as dispatches of loopy truth from an alternative or at least interior reality that does not bludgeon the reader with deliberate alienation or self-satisfied brilliance. Thus, in the ninth poem of this group: I project myself into the futureas a slogan on a sandwichboard Tennis at 3 Homemadesex tapes I’m so happyI could puke I’m typing so hardIt feels like I chippedSome bones in my fingersAt night, wine and XanaxBursts and inconsistency If this passage lacks an argument, it can still be read as the document of a consciousness uncluttered by arcana and presented in successive excerpts. This section’s juxtapositions of content and diction can prove both aphoristic and funny, as in the tenth sonnet’s observation “The surf / is rough An agnostic audience.” Sonnet XIII similarly uses the ambiguities of enjambment, unpunctuated lines and the transitive and intransitive meanings of a common verb to encompass both the mundane and the menacing: “How many times was it we fucked / The beach The bed The national / wildlife refuge” Click for larger view View full resolution Detail from cover The success of appropriation and pastiche, though, depends critically on the texts appropriated—what the foodie world now calls “sourcing.” The single-poem section “Naïve Melody,” which serves as intermezzo and parenthetical ars poetica, goes slack in spots as Marks’s borrowed and original text displays the diffuse rhythm and content of mundane speech. To wit, “My cat wakes me every morning at 4 by hooking her claw into / my nostril...

Flow-stress-induced discrimination of a K-ras point mutation by sandwiched polymer microsphere-enhanced surface plasmon resonance

The highly sensitive detection of a K-ras point mutation with the aid of DNA-carrying microspheres as a flow-stress receptor is proposed at the surface of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Single-stranded DNAs were immobilized onto epoxy-group-derivatized gold surfaces and the hybridization of DNA targets was monitored. The subsequent interaction with DNA-carrying micospheres enhanced the SPR response. The increase of flow rate during the event of dissociation changed the amount of detachment of the DNA-carrying microspheres for the mismatched pair. In addition, the viscosity was changed by addition of glycerol to the buffer. The increase of shear stress from the flow resulted in detachment of DNA-carrying microspheres hybridized with the mismatched sequence and increased the ability to discriminate a point mutation. This is a new method which not only increases the lower detection limit of evanescent wave-based biosensors, but also the ability to discriminate a point mutation which is a critical factor for ultrasensitive DNA detection in flow devices.

General and AIDS-Specific Stress, Coping, and Psychological Distress in the Biracial Coping & Change Study Cohort of Gay Men

The emotional well-being of persons living with HIV/AIDS is thought to be affected by a number of factors, including stage of disease progression and presence of physical symptoms, social support, stressors (both general and AIDS-specific), appraisals of control over stressful situations, and coping behaviors. The literature has been unclear regarding the role that coping mechanisms play in mediating or buffering the effects of stressors, and continued efforts to clarify the role of coping are important in order to inform clinical interventions. The current study was based on the responses of 297 White and African-American gay men with and without HIV/AIDS participating in the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Coping & Change Study (C&CS) from 1992 to 1994. We found that the amount of detachment- versus involvement-oriented coping strategies used to deal with stressors was unrelated to the level of reported depressed mood and AIDS-specific distress, except among the most severely depressed men (upper 15%), for whom greater reliance on involvement coping strategies was associated with decreased depression. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Students' Views of Science and Technology When Entering University

We conducted a survey of first year French University students for the purpose of discovering their views and opinions on the subject of “Science and Technology.” These views provide valuable information on that which is considered to be essential by the students, while having the advantage of a certain amount of detachment in relationship to the academic course content. Certain implications may be deduced concerning University teaching as well. Content analysis was used to study scientific titles and texts produced by the students; the resulting classification system made it possible to deduce the main ideas on themes such as scientific discovery and conquest, man's need to understand his environment, the future, etc.

“The Remorseless Rush of Time”

Pirandello's masterful dramatic technique stands in sharp contrast to the wariness of his thought and the relativism of the human truths he presents. Scepticism usually begets a certain amount of detachment toward human weaknesses. By and by weariness, disillusion, and contempt build a wall between the thinker and life. But human nature follows mysterious ways and the most cynical of men may feel an overwhelming desire to confide in other men and to pour out his disillusions, his defeats, and his philosophical conclusions.