Amount Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research Articles

The Influence of Road Transport on Carbon Footprint: A Case Study of the Black Sea Region

Recently, the increase in global warming and the spread of greenhouse gases is a major concern. The use of fossil fuels plays an important role in greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuels are primarily used in the transportation sector. Road transport plays a critical role in the transportation sector. This study analyzed carbon dioxide emissions from transport in a specific region. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions from transport in this region, called the Black Sea region, was analyzed from 2013 to 2022. As a result, it was determined that the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the region has gradually increased at an alarming level.

Optimizing the allowance allocations of water consumption, industrial solid waste and carbon emissions in China

Based on relevant data from 2014 to 2018, this research first evaluates the efficiencies of the industry production stage and environmental treatment stage via the dynamic two-stage SBM recycle model. Second, it employs the two-stage ZSG-SBM recycle model to optimize the allocation of resource usage and pollutant recovery variables of different provinces of China in 2025 according to the national plan, so as to find a path to realize the policy document goals of Made in China 2025. The empirical results show that the efficiencies of the east, central, and west regions nearly show a downward trend, and that two-level differentiation in the central region is large. In order to meet the planning requirements, the eastern provinces need to adjust and emit the least amount of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of industrial added value.

Environmental performance evaluation of electric enterprises during a power crisis: Evidence from DEA methods and AI prediction algorithms

With the continuous occurrence of power crisis events worldwide, meeting society's demand for electricity has kept coal-fired power generation high, which leads to a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions and environmental pollution problems. Therefore, improving the environmental performance of thermal power plants under the background of a power crisis has become particularly important. This research provides a new path for production optimization and environmental performance improvement of electric power enterprises from the perspective of combining prediction algorithms and DEA methods. We apply the modified non-radial directional distance function (MNDDF) method to a set of panel data containing 16 different cogeneration units and 27 different periods in eastern China and construct the grey prediction model to predict the future environmental performance of these units. Empirical analysis shows that our model has high prediction accuracy and offers a reasonable basis for future production decision-making adjustments for electric power enterprises. Based on the results herein, we present valuable suggestions for thermal power plants to improve their environmental performance during a power market crisis, including optimizing resource utilization, improving management level and operating conditions, strengthening technological innovation, and enhancing production factor allocation.

The impact of global warming on polar marine life

The global region is currently facing enormous environmental issues of global warming, which is affecting the entire Earth's ecosystem, especially the natural environment of the oceans. Global warming is a natural phenomenon caused by energy imbalances caused by the cumulative greenhouse effect absorbed and released by the terrestrial air system. The ongoing energy buildup in the terrestrial air system has led to rising temperatures and global warming. Natural disasters and biological chain fracturing are just two examples of the dangers that climate change poses to various facets of humanity. The primary cause of this phenomena is one of the key causes of global farming. In addition, it poses a major threat to the equilibrium of natural ecosystems because of the astounding amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced annually, which directly contributes to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Climate change on the surface of the Earth is a direct outcome of this "greenhouse effect." Environmental pollution, which is getting worse every day, has grown to be a significant global issue and is one of the main causes of global warming. Today, studies on global climate change have amply demonstrated that the Earth's surface temperature has been increasing since the end of the last century. At the same time, this phenomenon has had a significant impact and harm on human survival.

Effect of coconut shell ash substitute with cement on the mechanical properties of cement concrete

The production of ordinary portland cement results in a great amount of carbon dioxide emissions, which has serious consequences for the environment. The building industry has been urged to make use of soil waste from industries or secondary materials in order to cut down on the amount of natural raw materials needed to make cement and concrete. Increases in population, economic activity, and social progress have all contributed to a rise in global garbage output. The investigation of waste reduction and reuse is one of the most alluring possibilities for handling such waste. It is becoming increasingly unaffordable to use cement in concrete works, despite the fact that the demand for homes and other constructions that rely on this material continues to rise in combination with the expansion of the human population; as a result, it is necessary to identify and develop alternative binding materials that can be used either wholly or partially in place of cement. In order to produce coconut shell ash (CSA), an agricultural waste material and environmental pollutant that is used as pozzolana in partial replacement of cement in the production of concrete, coconut shells are collected, burned in the open air (uncontrolled combustion) for three hours, and then incinerated in a muffle furnace at 800oC for seven hours. On the order of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% OPC was replaced with CSA in the concrete used to cast the specimens. Coconut shell ash is a viable cement replacement. The impact of CSA on mechanical qualities was investigated using a range of coconut shell ash replacements.

Energy, Exergy, and Environment Performance Evaluation of Cascade Refrigeration System with Natural Refrigerants

Cascade refrigeration systems are preferred in applications where low temperature cooling is required, such as in some special industrial and laboratory applications. Since, in these systems, the energy consumed by the compressors is less and the compressor outlet temperature is lower. Due to environmental problems, the use of natural refrigerants in cascade refrigeration systems has become to be of great importance. In this study, two cascade systems consisting of R744/R290 (System 1) and R1270/R290 (System 2) natural refrigerant pairs were designed and thermodynamically examined. In the analyzes performed according to different evaporator temperatures, the highest COP value was 3.66 at -20℃ evaporating temperature was obtained in the cascade system consisting of the R1270/R290 refrigerant pair. Moreover, it was considered that there was a 17.95% enhancement in exergy efficiency with the use of R1270 refrigerant in the low temperature cycle. By the rise in the evaporator temperature, energy consumption decreases and as a result, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions reduced was attained.

Examining the Viability of GGDP as an Alternative to GDP as the Only Indicator of National Economic Development

This paper studies whether GDP can be replaced by GGDP and become the sole indicator of the nation’s economic development. As we know, GGDP is a key indicator of measuring the country’s economic health. So the total amount of carbon dioxide emission was chosen as an index to measure the climate, and the correlation between the total amount of GGDP and the total carbon dioxide emission was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. We calculate the weight of each country’s total carbon dioxide emissions, using TOPSIS algorithm based on entropy weight method, and then carry out the least squares linear regression for the total carbon dioxide emission and GGDP in each country, and obtain the linear regression equation. Add the weights to the six linear regression equations, and get the linear regression equation of the total carbon dioxide emission and GGDP. Through the analysis of the resulting model, GGDP can be used as one of the criteria to measure the health of a country’s economy, because it can really reflect the impact on climate change and, under certain circumstances, the economic level. Due to the uncertainty and unfairness of GGDP, GDP as a measure of national economy is still the mainstream and cannot be replaced by GGDP.

Plasma-Catalytic Methane Pyrolysis for Hydrogen and Valuable Carbons

Current technologies for hydrogen production are based primarily on reforming of fossil fuels using steam, which produces large amount of carbon dioxide emissions (> 9 tons of CO2 per ton of hydrogen produced). Majority of refineries, ammonia producers, and fuel cell power plants utilize steam methane reforming for production of hydrogen at scale.In this paper, we discuss an approach for activating methane and pyrolyzing using molten metal based alloys that includes Gallium. Sunkara’s group had developed this process earlier for making carbon micro-tubes with tunable morphology.[1, 2] Here, experiments were performed using pure methane, acetylene suggests a potential pathway for complete pyrolysis through recycle to produce hydrogen and carbons. The carbons produced are high surface area and are also do not contain any impurities. Majority of the carbons produced contain graphene sheets in random manner along with onion morphologies.The mechanism of methane pyrolysis involves a similar mechanism as that of silicon dissolution from silanes into molten Gallium. The activated species dissolve into molten Ga [3] and then undergo dehydrogenation reactions resulting in carbon nucleation and growth on molten Ga surface. The immiscibility of carbon and molten Ga allows for easier separation of resulting carbons through simple scraping from the surface.Techno-economic analysis suggests that the cost of hydrogen produced using the proposed catalytic technology could be less than $1/kg if the carbon by-product has value > $3/kg. Such low cost of hydrogen production is only possible if the following technical specifications are met: methane conversion is greater than 90%; scalable to 100 tons per year; and reduced loss and re-use of catalyst. Bhimarasetti, G., J.M. Cowley, and M.K. Sunkara, Carbon microtubes: tuning internal diameters and conical angles. Nanotechnology, 2005. 16(7): p. S362. Bhimarasetti, G., et al., Morphological Control of Tapered and Multi‐Junctioned Carbon Tubular Structures.Advanced Materials, 2003. 15(19): p. 1629-1632. Carreon, M.L., et al., Synergistic interactions of H2 and N2 with molten gallium in the presence of plasma. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 2018. 36(2): p. 021303.

The Interdependence of Environmental Activities and Investment Attractiveness: Finances of Russian Metallurgy

All countries now share a long-term vision of the importance of implementing technology development and transfer to improve climate resilience and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Metallurgical enterprises play a significant role in achieving this goal, since they produce a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. In connection with the changing operating conditions and changing markets of presence, the issues of ensuring their investment attractiveness are acquiring obvious importance in the framework of the finances of Russian metallurgical companies. The object of the study is an assessment of the investment attractiveness of Russian metallurgical companies. The subject of the study is the relationship between the investment attractiveness of metallurgical companies and the results of their environmental protection activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the interdependence of environmental metrics and the investment attractiveness of steel companies. The methodological basis is a regression analysis of the impact of environmental metrics on the investment attractiveness of metallurgical companies. The authors chose the following indicators of environmental performance: CO2 emissions, energy consumption, water recycling, waste. To assess the investment attractiveness of metallurgical companies, the following indicators were used: revenue, EBITDA, investment in R&D. The authors concluded that the environmental activities of companies have a significant impact on their investment attractiveness. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the interdependence of environmental protection activities and the investment attractiveness of Russian metallurgy companies. The results of the study can be used by both Russian steel companies and institutional investors as part of the development of an investment strategy.

Machine-Learning-Based Electric Power Forecasting

The regional demand for electric power is influenced by a variety of factors, such as fluctuations in business cycles, dynamic linkages among regional development, and climate change. The valid quantification of the impacts of these factors on the demand for electric power poses significant challenges. Existing methods often fall short of capturing the inherent complexities. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing a framework, which integrates machine-learning techniques into regional electricity demand forecasting. Regional electricity generation firms could then leverage the power of machine learning and improve the accuracy and robustness of electric power forecasting. In this paper, we conduct extensive numerical experiments using an actual dataset from a large utility firm and other public data sources. The analysis indicates that the support vector regression model (the SVR model) has high accuracy in predicting the demand. The results show that socio-economic development is the major driver of growth in electricity demand, while weather variability is a key contributor to the seasonal fluctuations in electricity use. Furthermore, linkages among regional development and the status of development of the green economy become increasingly important influencing factors. The proposed forecasting approach helps the regional electricity generation firms reduce a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions.

On transition to hydrogen metallurgy

The article shows that climate change is not only warming, but also extraordinary natural phenomena (droughts, floods, storms, tornadoes etc), which lead to significant economic damage. Climate warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere. The main task is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. An analysis has been carried out of international documents such as the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Climate Agreement, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. It is shown that a significant amount of CO2 enters the atmosphere during the production of pig iron and steel, the data on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from steel smelting in Ukraine and at «Azovsteel» iron and steel works have been provided. The article contains a critical analysis of the existing steel production technology, which is highly efficient but requires significant capital investment, fuel and energy resources, the source of which is the product of heat treatment of hard coal – coke, its carbon in the form of CO2 entering the atmosphere. Numerous proposed methods of steel production without the use of this coke are considered. One of the directions was the production of sponge iron without melting, another direction of coke-free metallurgy was high-temperature processes of obtaining liquid metal, that are carried out in one stage. The theoretically required amount of reducing agent at of iron with carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been determined. Methods of producing renewable gas by conversion of natural gas and gasification of coal are considered. The plans of the Metinvest Group management to develop a long-term technological strategy for metallurgical production taking into account environmental requirements are presented

Design, energy, exergy, economy, and environment (4E) analysis, and multi-objective optimization of a novel integrated energy system based on solar and geothermal resources

Increasing energy consumption rates and concerns over environmental problems like global warming have led researchers to provide new energy supply solutions, one of which is the use of combined energy systems. Combining conventional fossil energy cycles with renewable cycles is one of the most effective ways to improve their performance and also help harvest green energy. To address this solution, in this paper, a hybrid novel energy system including a gas cycle, a steam cycle, two organic Rankine cycles (ORC), and a renewable cycle based on geothermal and solar energy sources using concentrating photovoltaic thermal panels (CPVT) is proposed. A comprehensive study has been conducted on this system from the perspective of energy, efficiency, economy, and the environment. Different fluids have been investigated for use in ORC subsystems in this study. Additionally, a parametric study has been conducted to determine how the cycle's overall performance is affected. Multi-objective optimization using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm second version (NSGA-II) has been performed based on the objective variables of exergy efficiency and capital costs. In this paper, Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and MATLAB are used for modeling and optimization. The results show that the best fluids to use in ORC are R123 in the first cycle and Ammonia in the second cycle, which energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction rate, and generated power in the base state for the whole cycle are 50.59%, 25.44%, 1537.35 kW and 524.66 kW, respectively. Also, the amount of annual capital cost and the amount of carbon dioxide emission from energy and exergy are 107,034 dollars, 11,672, and 35,401 kg per month, respectively. The optimization results indicate a 0.25% improvement in exergy efficiency and a 500$ annual capital cost reduction at the optimal point.

Design of the usability of ceramic sanitary ware waste in cement production using the Taguchi method

The cement process is one of the industries where energy is consumed intensively. High levels the amount of carbon dioxide emission reaches since the nature of the raw materials used in its production. At this point, using industrial wastes and by-products containing oxides such as calcium, silica, alumina, and iron oxides blended cement reduces energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, the effects of using ceramic sanitary ware waste (CSW) instead of clinker on the cement grinding stage were investigated. The grinding tests were carried out with clinker in a ball mill, according to grinding parameters as ball filling ratio, ball diameter, and grinding time by using Taguchi method for optimization of cement grinding condition. The reference and blended cements with CSW were determined compressive strength.

An intelligent design and environmental consideration of a green-building system utilizing biomass and solar having a bidirectional interaction with the grid to achieve a sustainable future

As a result of climate change and environmental pollutants becoming more prevalent in the environment, this paper introduces an innovative approach to energy systems that uses smart building technologies and renewable energy sources to mitigate climate change and promote sustainability. The central concept of this method is to hybridize solar and biomass resources in order to meet the heating, cooling, and electricity needs of a residential neighborhood over the year. The system is driven by an intelligent design of photovoltaic thermal panels combined with an efficient heater. This idea reduces the solar system cost and increases the independency from the local heating and cooling networks when the sun is unavailable. Besides, the waste heat recovery process is introduced to utilize the additional heat to charge the chiller and space heating demand and avoid releasing excess heat into the environment as much as possible. Multiple controllers are employed to launch a bidirectional connection with the electricity grid to sell or buy energy to or from the grid based on production, demand, and usage. The system’s affordability, effectiveness, and environmental sustainability are assessed comprehensively via TRNSYS software and MATLAB-developed code. According to the results, the proposed smart system achieves a very low emission rate of 14 kg.CO2/MWh with an affordable energy cost of 76.3 $/MWh. The results further reveal that while the system chiefly depends on biomass in cold hours to meet the heating demand, most of the building’s cooling need is provided by the photovoltaic thermal panels in summer, signifying the importance of renewable energy resources combination. It is noteworthy that due to the combination of green energy sources, the amount of carbon dioxide emission is significantly reduced by 35%. In addition, the net electricity is positive 2300 h of the year, meeting the demand, charging the chiller and tank, and seeling the additional to the grid, offsetting a significant portion of the annual energy costs. The results eventually showed that while the minimum energy cost of 79 $/MWh was obtained in April, the performance efficiency and emission rate reached the maximum and minimum values of 41.5% and 10.5 kg.CO2/MWh in December.

Multi-criteria assessment of a new energy-saving and environmentally-friendly scheme for natural gas-fired power plants

Recently, natural gas-fired power plants have received wide attention for their environmental advantages. However, high-temperature waste gas causes a quantity of heat loss, and a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions exacerbate the greenhouse effect. In order to efficiently utilize the waste heat of flue gas and reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, a cascade system which combines waste heat recovery technologies, including the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) cycle and trilateral organic cycle (TOC), with carbon dioxide capture device is proposed. After validating the accuracy of thermodynamic model, the optimum working fluid for the trilateral organic cycle is selected and some main factors affecting the thermodynamic performance are analyzed in detail. Finally, to test the feasibility of the design, this paper optimizes the economy performance of the cascade system and the amount of captured CO2. The results show that the maximum net output power, carbon dioxide capture and payback period of the system are 157.1 MW, 96.49 ton/h and 4.125 years. Moreover, compared with original power plant design, the net plant efficiency of the cascade system has a significantly increasing of 23.6%. Hence, the new scheme proposed in this paper is a feasible method to achieve the aim of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Sea-land Temperature Changes——Based on Mathematical Model Prediction

With a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions from factories, there will be global warming, and the rising sea level and melting glaciers at the poles will pose a threat to the environment on which human beings depend. We build a function to fit the past development pattern and future development trend of CO2/land-ocean temperature based on the given data of CO2 concentration/land-ocean temperature from 1959 to 2021s. We will also study the correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide, Also, based on the error distribution, we discussed the reliability of the prediction method based on CO2 concentration and gave a method to judge the reliability of the prediction results.

Determining the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Primary Energy Consumption in Different Production Sectors of Iran: A multi-factor Energy Input-output Analysis

Determining the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Primary Energy Consumption in Different Production Sectors of Iran: A multi-factor Energy Input-output Analysis

Short-term performance of cement paste with high-volume fly ash: Effect of silica fume addition

Improvement of early-age properties of materials incorporating high-volume industrial by-products has recently attracted many researchers worldwide. This work was employed to study the effect of silica fume (SF) addition on the short-term performance of paste with 30% Portland cement (PC) and 70% type F fly ash (FA). The aim was to enhance the short-term performance of the cement paste with high-volume FA and to utilize the abundant by-products including SF and FA for replacing PC which significantly contributes to the huge amount of carbon dioxide emission and global warming. The influence of SF addition on the flowability and setting time (ST) of fresh pastes as well as on compressive strength (CS), water absorption (WA), and drying shrinkage (DS) up to 28 days of the hardened cement pastes were examined. The powder mixture consisting of PC and FA was replaced with SF in 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% by mass while a ratio of FA-to-powder was kept constant to be 70% by mass. For all mixture proportions, the ratio of water/powder was kept at 30% (by mass). This investigation found that the SF addition reduced flowability and significantly affected the ST of the cement pastes with 70% FA replacement. The SF addition in a range of 3–15% increased the CS of the samples, with an increase of 4.6–51.3% when compared with the reference paste sample with 0% SF. Adding 3–15% SF to the paste mixtures decreased WA of the samples, with a decrease of 7.5–47.7% when compared with the reference sample. Moreover, the SF addition reduced the DS of the paste samples corresponding to each age. This study found that the optimum SF addition of 15% by mass was effective in enhancing the short-term performance of the paste with 30% PC and 70% FA.

Evaluation of carbon dioxide emission reduction in an energy cycle based on biomass gasification and molten carbonate fuel cell: exergoeconomic and environmental analyses

Abstract A competitive advantage for the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)-driven energy processes is their fuel versatility. On the other hand, since MCFC consumes carbon dioxide, it can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions compared with other fuel cells. Accordingly, the current paper develops and evaluates the thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and environmental analyses of a new hybrid energy process (HEP) based on a reformer MCFC stack and a biomass gasification process. A homogeneous ignition engine (HIE) and a heat recovery system are two other main units embedded in the developed HEP. In the developed cycle, MCFC and HIE produce electric energy, for which the required fuel is supplied through the obtained syngas from the biomass gasification process and the anode off-gas, respectively. The heat recovery system also leads to the establishment of the thermal balance of the energy cycle by recovering the thermal energies of the MCFC and HIE. The aim of the present work is to develop the multi-aspect evaluation of the proposed energy system toward a fruitful implementation feasibility analysis. The outcomes indicated that the rates of electrical and thermal powers obtained from the planned HEP were equal to nearly 1112 and 367 kW, respectively. Further, the calculated efficiencies for electric, gross power and total energy terms were equal to 51.5%, 55.7% and 69.9%, respectively. The developed HEP had 48% less carbon dioxide emissions compared with a petroleum-fired power plant, 15.8% less compared with a natural gas-fired plant and approximately 63% lower compared with a coal-fired power plant.

Mangrove Literature from 2000 to 2019 – A Scientometric Analysis of Scopus Records

Mangrove forests are incredibly important ecosystems. They are biodiversity hotspots, provide livelihood for the coastal communities, maintain the water quality, stabilize shorelines by slowing erosion and capture massive amounts of carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Mangroves thus offer a wide area of research to the scientific community of the world and hence it may be interesting to know the growth of literature in the field of mangrove research. In this context, we present a scientiometric analysis of literature for 7603 Scopus articles published globally in the area of mangrove research during the period 2000–2019. No such study has been done on mangroves after 2012 and hence this study has got its own relevance in scientometrics to highlight the recent developments in the field of mangrove ecosystem and associated research. To accomplish the research Microsoft Excel and Bibexcel were used for the bibliometric analyses and Pajek and CiteSpace were used for mapping and visualization. The results indicate that 90% of work were peer-reviewed articles and a doubling time obtained is 8 years. China leads the rest of the countries by a big margin in the number of publications on mangroves followed by India, and the USA. ‘Remote sensing’, ‘Avicennia marina’, ‘salinity’, ‘sediment’ and ‘climate change’ are the major areas under which the research is progressing in a fast pace. This research study will help the researchers about the direction of evolution of research and upcoming research trends.