Amounts Of Arginine Research Articles

Targeted metabolomic profiles of serum amino acids and acylcarnitines related to gastric cancer.

BackgroundEarly diagnosis and treatment are imperative for improving survival in gastric cancer (GC). This work aimed to assess the ability of human serum amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles in distinguishing GC cases from atrophic gastritis (AG) and control superficial gastritis (SG) patients.MethodsSixty-nine GC, seventy-four AG and seventy-two SG control patients treated from May 2018 to May 2019 in Gansu Provincial Hospitalwere included. The levels of 42 serum metabolites in the GC, AG and SG groups were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Then, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to identify a metabolomic signature among the three groups. Metabolites with highest significance were examined for further validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out for evaluating diagnostic utility.ResultsThe metabolomic analysis found adipylcarnitine (C6DC), 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoylcarnitine (C16OH), hexanoylcarnitine (C6), free carnitine (C0) and arginine (ARG) were differentially expressed (all VIP >1) and could distinguish GC patients from AG and SG cases. In comparison with the AG and SG groups, GC cases had significantly higher C6DC, C16OH, C6, C0 and ARG amounts. Jointly quantitating these five metabolites had specificity and sensitivity in GC diagnosis of 98.55% and 99.32%, respectively, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.9977.ConclusionThis study indicates C6DC, C16OH, C6, C0 and ARG could effectively differentiate GC cases from AG and SG patients, and may jointly serve as a valuable circulating multi-marker panel for GC detection.

Progesterone and interferon tau regulate expression of polyamine enzymes during the ovine peri-implantation period†.

Progesterone (P4) and interferon tau (IFNT) are important for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in ruminants. Agmatine and polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) have important roles in the survival, growth, and development of mammalian conceptuses. This study tested the hypothesis that P4 and/or IFNT stimulate the expression of genes and proteins involved in the metabolism and transport of polyamines in the ovine endometrium. Rambouillet ewes (n = 24) were surgically fitted with intrauterine catheters on Day 7 of the estrous cycle. They received daily intramuscular injections of 50mg P4 in corn oil vehicle and/or 75-mg progesterone receptor antagonist (RU486) in corn oil vehicle from Days 8-15, and twice daily intrauterine injections (25μg/uterine horn/day) of either control serum proteins (CX) or IFNT from Days 11-15, resulting in four treatment groups: (i) P4 + CX; (ii) P4 + IFNT; (iii) RU486 + P4 + CX; or (iv) RU486 + P4 + IFNT. On Day 16, ewes were hysterectomized. The total amounts of arginine, citrulline, ornithine, agmatine, and putrescine in uterine flushings were affected (P < 0.05) by P4 and/or IFNT. P4 increased endometrial expression of SLC22A2 (P < 0.01) and SLC22A3 (P < 0.05) mRNAs. IFNT affected endometrial expression of MAT2B (P < 0.001), SAT1 (P < 0.01), and SMOX (P < 0.05) mRNAs, independent of P4. IFNT increased the abundance of SRM protein in uterine luminal (LE), superficial glandular (sGE), and glandular epithelia (GE), as well as MAT2B protein in uterine LE and sGE. These results indicate that P4 and IFNT act synergistically to regulate the expression of key genes required for cell-specific metabolism and transport of polyamines in the ovine endometrium during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy.

Temperature (200–283 K) dependence of methane adsorption onto hydrophobic nanosilica/arginine composite at various hydration

It has been assumed that nanoparticle/aggregate/agglomerate structure, texture and surface characteristics of hydrophobic nanosilica AM1 treated with certain amounts of arginine and water may provide better conditions for methane adsorption compared to AM1 alone. Nanosilica and composites are characterized using adsorption, desorption, microscopic, spectroscopic, XRD, SAXS, and quantum chemistry methods. The 1H NMR spectroscopy (at 200–283 K) and cryoporometry (T < 273 K) methods have been applied to AM1/arginine differently wetted and mechanically treated. The wetted blends have been studied in the methane atmosphere without or with addition of chloroform-d. In mechanically treated wetted blends, arginine (initially crystalline) is nanostructured and amorphous. In the powders wetted at 0.1–0.5 g of water per gram of dry solids, interaction energy of unfrozen water with nanoparticles depends nonmonotonically on the degree of hydration. The value of the free surface energy is maximal at the hydration of 0.3 g/g. Bound water, which partially fills interparticle voids and may remain liquid or forms amorphous ice nanoparticles at lower temperatures, provides enhanced nanoporosity in wetted composites. This is appropriate for the methane adsorption up to 7.3–4.9 wt% at 199–283 K.

Coltsfoot Leaves (Tussilago farfara L.) – A Promising Source of Essential Amino Acids

Objective: Free and bounded amino acids are one of the valuable biologically active substances (BAS) containing in medicinal plants with other BAS groups. The research aims to determine the profile and content of free and bounded amino acids in coltsfoot leaves infusion by HPLC-UV, as well as suggest alternative ways to use it in medicine. Materials and methods: Coltsfoot leaves (crushed herbal drug) were used as plant material for preparing infusion and analysis. Amino acids profile and content were analyzed by RP-HPLC-UV after pre-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (OPA) (derivatization of primary amines) and with fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) (secondary amines). The sources of scientific literature concerning the amino acid composition of crushed herbal drugs were also studied. Results: 10 free and 13 bounded amino acids were identified in coltsfoot leaves infusion. Total content was 44.04±2.20 mg/g (Arg > Tyr > Gln > Ala > Asn > Met > Ile > Val > Lys > Leu) and 57.79±2.89 mg/g (Arg > Gln > Lys > Tyr > Gly > Asn > Val > Thr > Ala > Ile > Nva > Leu > Met) respectively. Content of essential amino acids – 0,89±0,04 mg/g (5 free); 9,58±0,48 mg/g (5 bounded). Conclusions: Since the coltsfoot leaves contain a significant amount of arginine, studies involving the prevention and adjunctive treatment of viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (COVID-19), are promising.

Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Influences Arginine Metabolism to Benefit Replication.

Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) is caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). HPS has caused outbreaks in Chinese populations of broiler chickens since 2015. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying HPS. In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of FAdV-4-infected and noninfected chicks. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the gene network associated with the arginine metabolism pathway was enriched in livers infected by FAdV-4; 10 genes were downregulated and 8 genes were upregulated in these livers when compared to noninfected livers. The DEGs identified in livers were reanalyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR); results indicated that the mRNA levels of the DEGs concurred with the data derived from KEGG analysis. Next, we used qPCR to detect the DEGs of the arginine metabolism pathway in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) after infection with FAdV-4 for 24 hr; this also indicated that the mRNA levels of the DEGs concurred with that seen in the liver. We also used si-RNA oligonucleotides to knock down the mRNA levels of iNOS in LMH cells infected with FAdV-4 and found that the viral load of FAdV-4 was increased. Further investigation revealed that the addition of 240 µg/ml of arginine into the culture medium of LMH cells infected with FAdV-4 for 24 hr led to a significant increase in the mRNA levels of iNOS but a significant reduction in the viral load of FAdV-4. Therefore, our data indicated that when broiler chickens become infected with FAdV-4, the arginine metabolic pathway in the liver becomes dysfunctional and the iNOS mRNA level decreases. This will add benefit to the replication of FAdV-4 but can be inhibited by the addition of an appropriate amount of arginine.

Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae

Watermelon is the most significant, natural plant source of L-citrulline, a non-proteinaceous amino acid that benefits cardiovascular health and increases vasodilation in many tissues of the body. Watermelon is a member of the Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, melon, pumpkin, and cucumber. It is possible that other cucurbits could be good sources of citrulline or of arginine, its direct precursor. Twenty-one cultigens were evaluated in triplicate at two locations in North Carolina to estimate citrulline and arginine amounts and variation due to cultigen, replication, and environment. Cultigens containing the highest amount of citrulline (based on LS means) in g/kg fresh weight were ’Crimson Sweet’ watermelon (2.85), ’Dixielee’ watermelon (2.43), casaba-type melon (0.86), mouse melon (0.64), and horned melon rind (0.45). Additionally, mouse melon, horned melon, and bitter gourd (arils) may be interesting sources of arginine-family amino acids, perhaps because of their large seed and aril content relative to mesocarp.

CHANGES IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE DEPENDING ON THE RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION MATERIAL

The raw material for blood protein hydrolysate preparation is whole animal blood, its clots and other serum production wastes. The dependence of amino acid composition of blood protein hydrolysate on the season of the raw material preparation was studied. The research lasted three years. It was demonstrated that the amino acid composition changed depending on the season. The peak, as a rule, was during summer months when their amount increased by 1.2–2.3 times and during autumn and winter it went down by 1.2–1.4 times (the difference is considerable, р &lt; 0,05). The peak of glutamic and asparagine acid growth was in November when their amount was 1.4 times higher then during the previous months (р &lt; 0,01). The increase of alanine, asparagine, valine, lysine, methionine, histidine, proline, tyrosine, threonine, and phenylalanine by 1.3–1.8 times was observed in March (the difference is considerable, р &lt; 0,05). The amount of histidine, glycine, leucine, serine, and tryptophane in the beginning of spring was at the same level and the amount of arginine, asparagine, isoleucine in March decreased by 1.2–1.6 times (the difference is considerable, р &lt; 0,01). So, it was determined that the dynamics of BPH amino acid composition was directly associated with the seasonal dynamics of physiological and biochemical cattle blood values. It was noted that in case of considerable change in absolute amino acid parameters their relative amount, in general, remained constant.

Production of biotechnological useful metabolites by Mucor racemosus in Czapek-Dox liquid media supplemented with synthetic detergent

The capacity of native isolate Mucor racemosus to produce several potentially useful metabolites in a liquid Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with powder anionic-type detergent MERIX (Henkel, Serbia) at concentrations of 0.3% (D3) and 0.5% (D5) was examined in this study. The changes of pH values, the total protein content, activities of acid and alkaline invertase, ?-amylase, as well as biomass dry weight were evaluated during fungal growth from inoculation until the 16th day. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative amino acids content of 16 days old fermentation broth was determined by HPLC. D3 considerably enhanced the biomass dry weight (43%), ?-amylase activity (49.59%) and the quantity of arginine (40.38%), and also influenced the production of a high amount of proteins (5.32 g/L). D5 significantly enhanced the biomass dry weight (53%), the quantity of arginine (119.09%) and alanine (192.79%) and induced the production of valine, serine and glutamate. In the D5 medium, ?-amylase retained 100% of its activity. The acid and alkaline invertase activity was moderately inhibited by D3 and D5. The obtained results may have considerable biotechnological, industrial and environmental potential.

EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CONCENTRATE FEED MIXTURE WITH MORINGA DRY LEAVES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ZARAIBY GOATS

The present work was carried out to study the effect of partial replacement of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) with Moringa dry leaves (MDL) at the levels of 5 and 10% in rations of Zaraiby goats on digestibility, milk yield and composition and body weight and mortality rate of their born kids. Eighteen Zaraiby goats with average live body weight of 39 kg and aged 4 years were used in this study starting from one month pre-partum to end of lactation (January - August). Goats were assigned according to live body weight, age and milk yield in previous lactation to three similar groups (6 does in each) and fed a ration consisted of 40% CFM + 60% berseem hay (BH). The first one was unsupplemented and served as control group (T1), while in the second and third ones, 5 and 10% of CFM was replaced with MDL for T2 and T3, respectively. Moringa dry leaves was higher in CP and EE contents, and so the contents of OM, CP and EE increased, however CF, NFE and ash contents decreased in CFM as well as in experimental rations with increasing the level of MDL supplement. Moringa dry leaves was rich in alanine, glutamic and tyrosine and have considerable amounts of arginine, aspartic, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine and valine, however, it was poorest in cysteine and methionine. Does in T3 showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest digestibility coefficients of DM, OM and NFE followed by T2, however T1 had the lowest values. Moreover, the digestibility coefficients of CP and EE as well as TDN and DCP values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 compared to T1. Average daily milk yield was significantly higher (P<0.05) for T3 (1115.55 g) compared with T1 (910.18 g), while T2 (990.48 g) was intermediate insignificant differences with T1 and T3. Milk composition and yield for all components (fat, protein, lactose, TS, SNF and ash) increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level of MDL supplement. Goats weight increased gradually post-partum up to the end of lactation (6th month), and the increase seems to be higher in T2 and T3 than that of T1. The higher values of total protein and its fractions (albumin and globulin) were detected in serum of does in T3, however the lower values of total protein and albumin were found in T1 and globulin in T2. However, ALT concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) with feeding diets containing MDL. Total DM intake was nearly the same for the different groups, whereas, TDN and DCP intakes were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 followed by T2, while T1 had the lowest values. Does in T3 recorded the lowest DM, TDN and DCP per kg milk followed by T2, however T1 had the highest values (P<0.05). Birth weight of born kids tended to increase with increasing the level of MDL, while, body weight of suckling kids at 30, 60 and 90 days was significantly higher (P<0.05) for T3 than that of T1 and T2 was intermediate. Mortality rate born kids during suckling period was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than T1. Total feed cost tended to increase, while, the prices of milk yield and body weight of weaning kids as well as total and net income and economic efficiency increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the level of MDL supplementation. The present study concluded that Moringa can be good quality feeds and therefore replaced CFM with Moringa leaves at the levels of 5 or 10% for Zaraiby goats improved digestibility, milk yield and composition, feed intake and conversion, economic efficiency and growth rate of born kids and reduced mortality rate during suckling period.

Arginine effects on biochemical composition of sperm in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

The present study investigated the effect of arginine on seminal plasma composition in rainbow trout. Male rainbow trout broodstocks (2500 ± 200 g) were fed five practical diets (each consisting of three triplicates) supplemented with Arginine at 0.50%, 1.50% and 2.00%. The control group were fed without arginine. Broodstock feeding lasted for 90 days, and then fish semen was sampled. Results indicated no significant differences in LDH, ALP, Fe2+ and phosphorous content among the different treatments. The lowest levels of AST and ALT and the highest levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were observed in the treatment fed with 1.50% arginine, which showed significant differences from other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, the amount of Cl−, Na+ and K+ ions was significantly increased in the seminal plasma in fish fed diets containing arginine in comparison with the control. As the amount of arginine was increased, the levels of uric acid became significantly greater in contrast to urea and glucose levels. The highest amounts of cholesterol, fructose and total protein were observed in treatments fed on 2.00%, 0.50% and 1.00% arginine, respectively, showing significant differences from other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest pH value was assayed in the 1.50% arginine treatment. Results indicated that arginine had a potential efficacy on semen quality in rainbow trout broodstocks.

Understanding metabolism of arginine in biological systems via MALDI imaging.

Arginine is an important amino acid but has been barely studied in plants. The little research that has been done indicates that the pathways of synthesis are similar to those found in animals and procaryotes. However little is known about the cellular and tissue localization of the amino acid in plants. The research reported in this paper was designed to examine whether MALDI-MSI was sufficiently sensitive to examine the distribution of this amino acid in plant material, and whether the synthetic pathways were co-located. In wheat and orchid roots, the amount of arginine in tissues varies greatly and the pathways for its synthesis were not always detected with the amino acid.

The N-metabolites of roots and actinorhizal nodules from Alnus glutinosa and Datisca glomerata: can D. glomerata change N-transport forms when nodulated?

To gain more insight in nitrogen metabolism in actinorhizal nodules, a comparison between the N metabolite profiles in roots vs. nodules was initiated for one host plant from the best-examined order of actinorhizal plants, Fagales, A. glutinosa (Betulaceae), a temperate tree, and one host plant from the Cucurbitales order, Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae). For both symbioses, the symbiotic transcriptomes have been published and can be used to assess the expression of genes representing specific metabolic pathways in nodules. The amino acid profiles of roots in this study suggest that A. glutinosa transported aspartate, glutamate and citrulline in the xylem, a combination of nitrogenous solutes not published previously for this species. The amino acid profiles of D. glomerata roots depended on whether the plants were nodulated or grown on nitrate; roots of nodulated plants contained increased amounts of arginine. Although bacterial transcriptome data showed no symbiotic auxotrophy for branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) in either symbiosis, D. glomerata nodules contained comparatively high levels of these amino acids. This might represent a response to osmotic stress.

Methylarginines in Mice with Experimental Atherosclerosis.

We studied the dynamics of indexes for the system of endogenous regulation of NO bioavailability. The content of NO synthase inhibitors (monomethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine) in the blood of mice was measured after intraperitoneal injections of a nonionic surfactant poloxamer 407 for 2 and 14 weeks. The concentrations of both methylarginines in animals with atherosclerosis due to 14-week administration of poloxamer were much higher than in control specimens. The amount of arginine and symmetric dimethylarginine practically did not differ from the control. Poloxamer-induced model of atherosclerosis is characterized by increased content of NO synthase inhibitors. These changes contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.

Primary study of arginine as feed attractants on Whitmania pigra

The effects of the feed attractants on Whitmania pigra were studied. The average weight of Wh. pigra were 5.0 g. Arginine was selected as feed attractants, xanthan gum was selected as feed substrate. The times of Wh. pigra going into the inducing room were recorded. The water temperature was 22-25 degrees C during the whole experiment. Arginine that had better inducing effect was chosen to carry on in the gradient experiment. The results showed that the best inducing effect was found when the added amount of arginine was 0.3%, which was close to the arginine content of the natural body fluid of Wh. Pigra and Bellamya purificata, 2.97 mg x g(-1).

Functional role of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. II. Consequences of loss of function of nitric oxide synthase NOS3 mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that regulates angiogenesis and vasodilation via activation of the cGMP pathway. However, functional roles of NO during embryonic development from spherical blastocysts to elongated filamentous conceptuses (embryo and extraembryonic membrane) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy have not been elucidated in vivo. In order to assess roles of NO production in survival and development of the ovine conceptus, we conducted an in vivo morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MAO)-mediated knockdown trial of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) mRNA, the major isoform of NO synthase, in ovine conceptus trophectoderm (Tr). Translational knockdown of NOS3 mRNA results in small, thin, and underdeveloped conceptuses, but normal production of interferon-tau, the pregnancy recognition signal in sheep. MAO-NOS3 knockdown in conceptuses decreased the abundance of NOS3 (72%, P < 0.05) and the arginine transporter SLC7A1 proteins in conceptus Tr. Furthermore, the amounts of ornithine and polyamines were less (P < 0.01) in uterine fluid, whereas the amounts of arginine (58%, P < 0.01), citrulline (68%, P < 0.05), ornithine (68%, P < 0.001), glutamine (78%, P < 0.001), glutamate (68%, P < 0.05), and polyamines (P < 0.01) were less in conceptuses, which likely accounts for the failure of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses to develop normally. For MAO-NOS3 conceptuses, there were no compensatory increases in the expression levels of either nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) or nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) or in expression of enzymes for synthesis of polyamines (ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, agmatinase) from arginine or ornithine with which to rescue development of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses. Thus, the adverse effect of MAO-NOS3 to reduce NO generation and the transport of arginine and ornithine into conceptuses is central to an explanation for failure of normal development of MAO-NOS3, compared to control conceptuses. The study, for the first time, created an NO-deficient mammalian conceptus model in vivo and provided new insights into the orchestrated events of conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Our data suggest that NOS3 is the key enzyme for NO production by conceptus Tr and that this protein also regulates the availability of arginine in conceptus tissues for synthesis of polyamines that are essential for conceptus survival and development.

Effects of agronomical practices on chemical composition of table grapes evaluated by NMR spectroscopy

Nutritional features of table grapes are the result of a complex combination of human practices with weather and environmental conditions. In the present study, the influence of agronomical practices on the chemical composition of commercial table grapes was studied by simple and fast nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based methods. In particular, variability of grape composition was evaluated considering primary metabolites, the compounds directly involved in growth and development of fruits and reliably detected by NMR spectroscopy. Three case studies of increasing complexity were examined. Primarily, it was found that inter-vineyard composition variability has a greater discriminating effect than intra-vineyard variability. The quantities of glucose, fructose, arginine and ethanol are the most dependent on farming practices. The comparison between organic and conventional productions (cv. Superior Seedless) showed a higher sugar content for the conventional practices, resulting in a higher sugar-to-acid ratio. For cultivars Red Globe and Italia, the factors most affected by farming practices were the glucose-to-fructose ratio and the amounts of arginine and ethanol.

Corrigendum to: Metabolomic characterisation of the functional division of nitrogen metabolism in variegated leaves

Many horticultural and natural plant species have variegated leaves, that is, patchy leaves with green and non-green or white areas. Specific studies on the metabolism of variegated leaves are scarce and although white (non-green) areas have been assumed to play the role of a 'nitrogen store', there is no specific studies showing the analysis of nitrogenous metabolites and the dynamics of nitrogen assimilation. Here, we examined the metabolism of variegated leaves of Pelargonium × hortorum. We show that white areas have a larger N : C ratio, more amino acids, with a clear accumulation of arginine. Metabolomic analyses revealed clear differences in the chemical composition, suggesting contrasted metabolic commitments such as an enhancement of alkaloid biosynthesis in white areas. Using isotopic labelling followed by nuclear magnetic resonance or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we further showed that in addition to glutamine, tyrosine and tryptophan, N metabolism forms ornithine in green area and huge amounts of arginine in white areas. Fine isotopic measurements with isotope ratio mass spectrometry indicated that white and green areas exchange nitrogenous molecules but nitrogen export from green areas is quantitatively much more important. The biological significance of the metabolic exchange between leaf areas is briefly discussed.

Development of Soybean Lines with α'-Subunit or (α'+α)-Subunits Deficiency in 7S Globulin by Backcrossing

The α'- and α-subunits of 7S globulin, the components of soybean storage protein as well as the main allergens, are important factors affecting the nutritional and processing quality of soybean. It is currently focused to improve the quality of soybean variety by reducing the contents of α' and α-subunits in soybean breeding. In the experiment, we successfully recombined the character of allergenic proteins deficiency into Chinese soybean, using a Japanese variety Ri B with (α'+α)-subunits deficiency of 7S globulin (β-conglycinin) as the donor parent, and soybean variety Dongnong 47 with high oil content, widely planted in Heilongjiang Province of China, as the recurrent parent. The results showed that the plants of α'-subunit-deficient lines (Cc) and (α'+α)-subunit-deficient lines (Cd) could normally grow, set seeds, and stably inherited. The average values of the yield traits in the two lines (Cc, Cd) increased compared with those in the recurrent parent Dongnong 47. The average protein contents in the two lines were higher than those in the parents. The protein content reached to 46.7% in the Cd lines. The average oil content in Cc and Cd lines was ranged between that of both parents and a bit more than that of Ri B. Fat content in part lines was 20% more than that in Cc and Cd lines, respectively. Total Amino acid contents were increased by introducing a￠-subunit and (a￠+α)-subunit, amount of arginine (Arg) and asparagine (Asp) in two lines markedly increased. The sulfur-containing amino acid (Met and Cys) contents and the total amino acid content in Cd lines were 0.11% and 0.56% more than those in Dongnong 47, respectively. So the recombined lines have a great potential to enhance food safety and quality, and could be used in soybean breeding for quality.

Arginase activity in frog urinary bladder epithelial cells and its involvement in regulation of nitric oxide production

The activity of arginase converting arginine into ornithine and urea is of particular interest among many factors regulating NO production in the cells. It is known that by competing with NO-synthase for common substrate, arginase can affect the NO synthesis. In the present work, the properties of arginase from the frog Rana temporaria L. urinary bladder epithelial cells possessing the NO-synthase activity were characterized, and possible contribution of arginase to regulation of NO production by epithelial cells was studied. It has been shown that the enzyme had the temperature optimum in the range of 55-60 degrees C, K(m) for arginine 23 mM, and V(max) about 10 nmol urea/mg protein/min, and its activity was effictively inhibited by (S)-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC), an inhibitor of arginase, at concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. The comparison of arginase activity in various frog tissues revealed the following pattern: liver > kidney >> brain > urinary bladder (epithelium) > heart > testis. The arginase activity in the isolated urinary bladder epithelial cells was 3 times higher than that in the intact urinary bladder. To evaluate the role of arginase in the regulation of NO production, epithelial cells were cultivated in the media L-15 or 199 containing different amounts of arginine; the concentration of NO2-, the stable NO metabolite, was determined in the culture fluid after 18-20 h of cells incubation. The vast majority of the produced nitrites are associated with the NOS activity, as L-NAME, the NOS-inhibitor, decreased their accumulation by 77.1% in the L-15 medium and by 80% in 199 medium. BEC (10(-4) M) increased the nitrite production by 18.0 % +/- 2.7 in the L-15 medium and by 24.2 +/- 3.5 in the 199 medium (p < 0.05). The obtained data indicate a relatively high arginase activity in the frog urinary bladder epithelium and its involvement in regulation of NO production by epithelial cells.

Development and Evaluation of a Kinetic‐Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Arginine

AbstractA kinetic method for the determination of micro quantities of amino acid arginine (Arg) is described in this paper. The catalytic activity of cobalt in the reaction of oxidation of purpurin (1,2,4‐trihydroxy‐antraquinone, PP) by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline buffer solution decreases in the presence of micro quantities of arginine, because of the formation of the complex. Operating conditions for the successful determination of arginine were optimized. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 1.45 μg mL−1. Kinetic equations are proposed for the investigated process. The interference effects of certain foreign ions and amino acids upon the reaction rate were studied and removed in order to assess the selectivity of the method. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of arginine in various pharmaceutical samples. The typical feature of this procedure is that determination can be carried out at room temperature and in a short analysis time. The newly developed method is simple, inexpensive and efficient for use in the analysis of a large number of samples.