Amount Of Advertising Research Articles

Ai Art In Mobile: Topic Modeling Of User Reviews For Generative Ai Applications

The generative AI concept, which enables users to create text, image, and video content through prompts, is revolutionizing the content side and AI applications in marketing. Despite the increasing popularity of generative AI applications, the market perception regarding generative AI remains underexplored. This study aims to explore the generative AI market perception through the context of mobile applications with the help of user reviews. The study follows a structured approach including identifying the generative AI mobile applications, assessing the context through rating scores and install amounts of mobile applications, and using a topic modeling approach (BerTopic) for online reviews to identify the topics included in the conversation. 8159 user reviews from 22 mobile applications are used as sample of the study and the average rating score for the sample found as 4,06 which signals a positive perception of market. The study concludes top ten topics as; “Dissatisfaction About Amount of Advertisements in app”, “NSFW Content and Moderation”, “Praise of Application”, “Functionality Problems & Crashes”, “Payment Necessity and Trial Problems”, “In-App Purchase Restoration Problems”, “Specific Feature in App”, “Chat Function”, “Credit System” and “Excess of Ads”. The study reveals the main issues of Ai Art mobile applications for marketing decision-making processes.

Market participation as livelihood and safeguarding intangible cultural heritage: A case of Chăm ethnic minority pottery households in Vietnam

This study examines the extent of market participation among Chăm pottery producers in Vietnam and the factors that influence this extent. The research utilized the total market participation index to assess the level of market participation and Tobit regression to examine the factors influencing market participation. Primary data were collected from a sample of 150 pottery households. The study demonstrates that pottery households are involved in the market to varying degrees. Factors such as family size, hired labourers, production space, self-owned transportation, average distance to customers, amount of advertising, and credit accessibility positively affect their participation in the market. Shipping damage, government assistance, non-pottery income, and education level of household head have a negative effect. The findings indicate that government assistance should consider the requirements of pottery households to develop efficient support measures. The research serves as a useful reference for policymakers and managers in devising strategies to promote both the growth of traditional craft production and the sustained well-being of ethnic groups. This, in turn, would contribute to the overall economic advancement of the country.

#Stayhome: Language in tourism advertisements on Instagram

In Fiji, Ghana, Jamaica, and the Maldives, the tourism sector is an important source of economic wealth. For example, in the Maldives tourism accounts for around a quarter of total GDP and is a main source of employment (Meierkord, 2018: 5). Similarly, the role of tourism as one of Jamaica's main industries has been stated in Deuber (2014: 29), and Hundt, Zipp and Huber (2015: 691) also mention that tourism is one of the key industries and employment sectors in Fiji. While many of these destinations use traditional channels of advertising such as print magazines, a considerable amount of advertising is carried out online via social media.

Reward Optimization for Content Providers With Mobile Data Subsidization: A Hierarchical Game Approach

Mobile data subsidization launched by mobile network operators is a promising business model to provide economic benefits for the mobile data market and beyond. It allows content providers to partly subsidize mobile data consumption of mobile users in exchange for displaying a certain amount of advertisements. From a content provider perspective, it is of great interest to determine the optimal strategy for offering appropriate data subsidization (reward) in order to compete against others to earn more revenue and gain higher profit. In this paper, we take a hierarchical game approach to model the reward optimization process for the content providers. To analyze the relationship between the provider and the user, we first focus on the one-to-one interaction in a single-provider single-user system, and formulate a Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC). We apply the backward induction to solve the MPEC problem and prove the existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium. We then formulate an Equilibrium Program with Equilibrium Constraints (EPEC) to characterize the many-to-many interactions among multiple providers and multiple users. Considering the inherent high complexity of the EPEC problem, we utilize the distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to obtain the optimum solutions with fast-convergence and decomposition properties of ADMM.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ СПОЖИВАЧЕМ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ В РЕКЛАМІ

Introduction. In the modern variety of advertising appeals is an actual study of psychological aspects of the consumer's acceptance of information in advertising.Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to reveal: the classification of types of people in relation to innovations; factors and stages of adoption of innovations; levels of psychological impact of advertising; motives used in advertising appeals; psychological patterns of acceptance and prerequisites for the effectiveness of advertising appeals.Methods. During the work, theoretical methods of research were used: analysis, comprehension and generalization of the achievements presented in the psychological literature on the problem under study.Results. The results of the study are to achieve the purpose of the study. Attention is paid to researchers in this field. The article examines the influence of advertising on the promotion of products in the modern market, and also examines the impact of different approaches to the impact of advertising appeal to consumers.Originality. The results of the study are important for people who form an advertising appeal.Conclusion. Consequently, the modern world can not be imagined without advertising. A large number of goods and services are advertised, people are tired of such an amount of advertising and try to ignore it. For effective advertising, you need to have information about: the classification of types of people in relation to innovations; factors and stages of adoption of innovations; levels of psychological impact of advertising; motives used in advertising appeals; psychological patterns of acceptance and prerequisites for the effectiveness of advertising appeals.

Specific Uses of Angels, Devils, Heaven and Hell in Advertising

Advertising looks into every field of the social practice for symbols that, associated to products, help it sell them better. It could not miss the religious symbols. This article examines changes in representations and meanings of angels, devils, Heaven, and Hell confirmed or brought about by advertisements. As the literature indicates, the amount of commercial messages using religious themesAdvertising looks into every field of the social practice for symbols that, associated to products, help it sell them better. It could not miss the religious symbols. This article examines changes in representations and meanings of angels, devils, Heaven, and Hell confirmed or brought about by advertisements. As the literature indicates, the amount of commercial messages using religious themes (especially the amount of advertisements using the four themes) is small. The corpus was created by browsing the 2005 and 2015 issues of four glossy magazines and by collecting advertisements from different media: news magazines, magazines for women, important producers' sites, advertising sites, out-of-home. The componential analysis and the visual semiotics offered the ways to examine the corpus; readings from scientific literature on the four religious themes and a questionnaire whose respondents were graduate students of the Consulting and Expertise in Advertising program, University of Bucharest, helped complete the research. The distinctive features of angels, devils, Heaven, and Hell, as they were presented by researchers of the Christian faith, are compared to features that graduate students, part of popular culture, and advertising ascribe them. Angels and devils have become symbols of high intensity experiences, meant to improve humans' existential condition. Every space where an individual invests subjective energy intended to raise him / her from monotonous life can become Heaven. Hell is matter for irony (we read Hell to understand Heaven) or instrument of blackmails (who does not use the products arrives there). Given the small number of advertisements in the corpus, this research can be qualified as an attempt to answer a difficult question: how to investigate more attentively a process, the use of religious themes in advertising, that everybody notice, but whose breadth and effects are not yet sufficiently determined. (especially the amount of advertisements using the four themes) is small. The corpus was created by browsing the 2005 and 2015 issues of four glossy magazines and by collecting advertisements from different media: news magazines, magazines for women, important producers’ sites, advertising sites, out-of-home. The componential analysis and the visual semiotics offered the ways to examine the corpus; readings from scientific literature on the four religious themes and a questionnaire whose respondents were graduate students of the Consulting and Expertise in Advertising program, University of Bucharest, helped complete the research. The distinctive features of angels, devils, Heaven, and Hell, as they were presented by researchers of the Christian faith, are compared to features that graduate students, part of popular culture, and advertising ascribe them. Angels and devils have become symbols of high intensity experiences, meant to improve humans’ existential condition. Every space where an individual invests subjective energy intended to raise him / her from monotonous life can become Heaven. Hell is matter for irony (we read Hell to understand Heaven) or instrument of blackmails (who does not use the products arrives there). Given the small number of advertisements in the corpus, this research can be qualified as an attempt to answer a difficult question: how to investigate more attentively a process, the use of religious themes in advertising, that everybody notice, but whose breadth and effects are not yet sufficiently determined.

The differentiated effect of advertising on readership: evidence from a two-sided market approach

In this paper, we empirically analyze the French print media market by modeling the existence of a reciprocal effect between the size of the readership and the amount of advertising. For this two-sided platform, we measure the cross-effects of advertising on the readership and periodical popularity on advertising. By estimating a structural model of simultaneous demand equations, we quantify some crucial elements in designing pricing and product-differentiating strategies. We measure the impact of advertising on reader demand and find in the data that it has opposite effects depending on whether the publication presents informational or entertaining content. By taking into account the market interactions, we compute price and advertising elasticities. Our results show that advertisers targeting a specific category of the audience would choose its corresponding periodicals and would trade off the size of the readership for these periodicals and the advertising insert price changes. Also, advertising campaigns aimed at reaching a broader spectrum of the population should focus on popular titles and on titles for which demand is inelastic to ensure a more consistent impact of the campaign. Finally, for magazines with low price demand elasticity on the readers’ side, editors’ revenues could be improved by increasing prices. These combined effects should allow a publisher to generate positive margins from both sides of the market, for certain content categories.

The Effects of Evaluative Reviews on Market Success in the Video Game Industry

Prior research and anecdotal evidence suggest that the market success of experience goods (i.e. motion pictures) can be empirically connected to professional and peer reviews of those experience goods. In this paper, this argument is tested by examining the way in which reviews determine the success of video games. A number of analysis strategies are used to show that professional critics’ reviews of games can influence sales of games. The amount of advertising is also an influential factor.

The many conditions under which monopolistic advertising can differ from the social optimum

This paper takes a new approach to a classical question about the relationship of monopolistic behavior to the social optimum when advertising is admitted. By characterizing conditions in terms of consumer preferences and using an uncommon approach to comparative static analysis, we derive a general result that produces a dozen special cases of interest. We also show that a plausible preference specification is general enough to generate each of these cases. The specification is amenable to estimation and inference with common data, although empirical application is beyond the scope of this paper. Results are derived assuming that advertising follows the complementary rather than persuasive advertising paradigm where consumers have stable quasilinear preferences and the amount of advertising is seller-determined rather than offered at a unit price to consumers.

Multi-criteria media mix decision model for advertising a single product with segment specific and mass media

The effectiveness of any advertisement campaign relies heavily on the combination of media vehicles chosen for communicating the messages and the amount of advertisements placed in them. This paper presents a media planning model that assists a firm in determining the optimal media mix for a product advertised in a segmented market. The model determines the number of advertisements to be placed in different segment specific media as well as mass media. The objective is to maximize the reach of the product in the potential market by placement of the advertisements. A case study is presented to illustrate the application of the model in which the market considered is geographically segmented on the basis of cultural and lingual diversity. The segments respond to regional advertising (segment specific) and to national advertising which reaches segments with a fixed spectrum. Interactive weighted sum goal programming technique is discussed to solve the problem.

Politikų įtaka kuriant Lietuvos visuomeninio transliuotojo modelį

Audiovisual broadcasting history in Lithuania began in the 20th century. The Lithuanian radio program was launched in 1926, with television appearing in 1957. Lithuanian radio and television history can be divided into four stages: Radio in independent Lithuania (1926–1940), Radio and television in Soviet Lithuania (1940–1988), the Revival period (1988–1990), and Radio and television of the Restored state (since 1990). After the restoration of independence, Lithuania began to develop a Western model of public broadcasting, which is characterized by an independent broadcaster’s management and financing. The Supreme Council-Atkuriamasis Seimas (1990–1992) reorganized the former institution of Soviet propaganda into an independent Lithuanian broadcaster. Lithuanian Radio and television (LRT) has become an institution accountable to the Parliament and is headed by a public authority – the LRT Board. However, significant political influence remains – Board members were delegated for the term of authorisation of the Parliament, thus parliamentarians had exclusive rights in regards to LRT. The 6th Seimas (Parliament) (1992–1996) developed new regulation of the media – the Public Information Act and the LRT statute. The LRT Board was transformed into a Council composed of 13 members (3 were delegated by the President, 4 – by Seimas, 6 members were delegated by public organizations). It was decided to collect a subscription fee and to reduce the amount of advertising, but this idea has not been implemented. The 7th Seimas (1996–2000) changed the formation procedure of the council (all 15 representatives were delegated by public organizations). These changes destabilized LRT’s work. In the beginning of 2000 was decided to return to a mixed constitution of the Council: 4 members appointed by the President for six years, 4 – by Parliament for a four-year term, and 4 – by public organizations for a two-year term. The principle of rotation has been settled (one third of the Council members changes every two years). The 8th Seimas (2000–2004) returned to the idea of the decommercialisation of LRT. The aim was to create a program budgeting system. It was planned that LRT would have to present to the Parliament its financing plan and prove that its programming coincided with the national mission. The 10th Seimas (2008–2012) attempted to radically transform LRT management and that has caused not only local resistance, but also international reverberation. The compliance of the LRT Council members terms and the political calendar was criticized, as was the possibility for institutions to depuose their delegates. The 11th Seimas (2012–2016) created a LRT funding system under which LRT is considered a non-commercial broadcaster (from 2015 there is no more advertising). LRT funding is associated with the previous calendar year‘s Lithuanian budget and excise revenues. Actual legislation of LRT leads to the conclusion that Lithuania perceives the fundamental principles of public broadcasting and understands its value for democracy.

Price Competition in Two-Sided Markets with Heterogeneous Consumers and Network Effects

We model a two-sided market with heterogeneous customers and two heterogeneous network effects. In our model, customers on each market side care differently about both the number and the type of customers on the other side. Examples of two-sided markets are online platforms or daily newspapers. In the latter case, for instance, readership demand depends on the amount and the type of advertisements. Also, advertising demand depends on the number of readers and the distribution of readers across demographic groups. There are feedback loops because advertising demand depends on the numbers of readers, which again depends on the amount of advertising, and so on. Due to the difficulty in dealing with such feedback loops when publishers set prices on both sides of the market, most of the literature has avoided models with Bertrand competition on both sides or has resorted to simplifying assumptions such as linear demands or the presence of only one network effect. We address this issue by first presenting intuitive sufficient conditions for demand on each side to be unique given prices on both sides. We then derive sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium in prices. For merger analysis, or any other policy simulation in the context of competition policy, it is important that equilibria exist and are unique. Otherwise, one cannot predict prices or welfare effects after a merger or a policy change. The conditions are related to the own- and cross-price effects, as well as the strength of the own and cross network effects. We show that most functional forms used in empirical work, such as logit type demand functions, tend to satisfy these conditions for realistic values of the respective parameters. Finally, using data on the Dutch daily newspaper industry, we estimate a flexible model of demand which satisfies the above conditions and evaluate the effects of a hypothetical merger and study the effects of a shrinking market for offline newspapers.

Supply chain coordination under retail competition and advertising dependent demand

: Received 1 June 2011 Received in revised form November, 26, 2011 Accepted 14 December 2011 Available online 3 January 2012 Supply chain coordination as an effective tool plays an important role in improving supply chain performance. In this article, a two-level supply chain with one manufacturer and two retailers is considered. The order quantity that retailers are faced with depends on the amount of advertisements and both retailers compete with each other on advertising. The Stackelberg game is established between manufacturer and retailers such that the manufacturer and the retailers play the leader and the follower roles, respectively. First, the manufacturer determines the wholesale prices for retailers and instead, the retailers determine the order quantity and advertising level, simultaneously. The manufacturer produces one kind of product and delivers it to retailers before the beginning of selling season. Retailers can affect the order quantity regarding the demand dependency on advertising level through the incurred costs from the advertising. In this paper, we show that we can achieve the desirable supply chain coordination through using combined quantity discount and advertising cost sharing contracts. We also consider the win-win situation for all the members of the supply chain.

Health Insurance Competition in Germany – the Role of Advertising

In the 1990s, competition among public health insurance funds (‘sickness funds’) was introduced in Germany. As one means of competition, free choice of initial health funds and subsequent switching between them was made available to all insured. Since then, the number of funds has decreased substantially, and funds have had to engage in competitive strategies to remain in the market. In this paper, we want to analyse the funds' advertising activities in the face of the changed competitive environment. This has not been possible to date due to a lack of data. We use two new datasets to get a first insight into the potential effects of competition on funds' advertising strategies; one of the volume and cost of advertisements and one of their contents. Our results suggest that competition has been associated with an increase in the amount of advertising. As to the adverts themselves, we find that there was a decrease in the share of advertisements of a ‘general’ content in favour of advertisements of a more ‘fund-specific’ content. The data therefore indicate that once the market was open to switching of funds by the insured, funds' advertising efforts changed to differentiating their own perceived strengths from those of competitor funds. These observations allow us to draw some tentative conclusions about the relevance of (attempts of) risk selection by health funds via advertisements and about the general success of the pro-competitive legislation. <bold>Zusammenfassung</bold> Die Reformen des Gesundheitswesens führten in Deutschland in den 1990er Jahren zu deutlich mehr Wettbewerb zwischen den gesetzlichen Krankenkassen. Als ein wettbewerbliches Instrument wurde für alle Versicherten die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die Krankenkasse frei zu wählen. Seit dieser Zeit ist die Zahl der Krankenkassen deutlich gefallen, und die Kassen mussten wettbewerbliche Strategien ergreifen, um im Markt zu bleiben. In diesem Artikel analysieren wir die Werbeaktivitäten der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen vor dem Hintergrund des veränderten wettbewerblichen Umfelds. Dies war bis jetzt wegen fehlender Daten nicht möglich. Wir nutzen zwei neue Datensätze, um einen ersten Eindruck von den potentiellen Effekten von Wettbewerb auf die Werbestrategien der Krankenkassen zu erhalten: einen Datensatz zu Werbeumfang und -ausgaben und einen Datensatz zum Werbeinhalt. Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Intensivierung des Wettbewerbs mit einem Anstieg der Werbeaktivitäten einherging. Was die Anzeigen selbst betrifft, so zeigt sich, dass der Anteil der Anzeigen mit einem allgemeinen“ Inhalt zugunsten von Anzeigen mit einem kassenspezifischen“ Inhalt gefallen ist. Die Daten deuten also darauf hin, dass sich die Werbeanstrengungen der Kassen mit der Einführung der freien Kassenwahl und der Wechselmöglichkeit für die Versicherten geändert haben: die eigenen Stärken werden deutlicher herausgestellt, auch in Abgrenzung zu denen der Wettbewerber. Diese Beobachtungen erlauben es uns, einige vorsichtige Schlussfolgerungen zu ziehen, was die Relevanz von Werbung als potentielles Mittel zur Risikoselektion durch die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen und allgemein den Erfolg der pro-wettbewerblichen Reformen betrifft. <italic>JEL-Classification: I11, I18, G22, M37</italic> Received: September 16, 2008 Accepted: March 16, 2010

Designing Information and Entertainment-Oriented Publications: Balancing Advertising and Programming Content

Advertising is an important revenue source for many publishers of information and entertainment-oriented good and services on the Internet, television, and print media. The publication design must balance the revenue opportunity from advertising with its impact on consumers' perception of the publisher. We study a publisher's optimal strategy when viewers' attitude towards advertising friendly or hostile - varies along the amount of advertising and on the publisher's programming quality. The publisher's program quality impacts how much flexibility it has in balancing advertising revenues with making the best product for its subscribers. Among competing publishers, the one with higher programming quality, or larger consumer base, has more flexibility in setting its advertising level. Regulation that limits publishers' advertising levels is not necessarily in the subscribers' interest: even a monopoly publisher may offer too little advertising relative to the consumer ideal; this can happen when advertising enhances the consumer experience but is too costly to attract. We explain how the potential to generate non-advertising revenues from subscribers affects the publisher's advertising level, and how it might cause variation in advertising levels among publishers who experience the same consumer attitude towards advertising.

The contribution of figurative devices to representation of tourism images

This article explores the changing role of figurative devices in British tourism advertising from the 1970s to 2005. The textual analysis of metaphors, puns and alliteration reveals some disadvantages in the use of these devices when addressing potential tourists. Metaphors and puns are able to influence existing textual meanings to promote a positive image of the product, but carry different degrees of ambiguity. Therefore, this complex use of linguistic devices might cause difficulties in their comprehension. Modern tourists require more explanation and information about the intangible tourism product, as consumer awareness and competence is growing rapidly. Consumers are increasingly likely to complain about misleading advertising. This might be why this study found a decrease in the amount of advertisements using metaphors over the time period investigated. When creating metaphors and puns, advertisers have to be aware of the consequential issues with their comprehension. In contrast, alliteration is a `safe' device as it still attracts consumers but does not involve any ambiguity. This study showed an increase in the use of alliteration in 2005 compared to the 1970s. This article attempts to show how the analysis of advertising texts can reveal some interesting and important issues within tourism and advertising communication, which in turn can generate further discussion.

An examination of trends in amount and type of cigarette advertising and sales promotions in California stores, 2002–2005

Background:Cigarette companies spend more of their marketing dollars in stores than in any other venue. In 2005, they spent 88% of a total of $13.1 billion to advertise and promote...

La publicité pharmaceutique et parapharmaceutique des Annales vertes en 1927

The journal Les Annales, under the direction of Adolphe Brisson, was deeply modified by Pierre (Adolphe's son) who decided to publish in 1927 the first issue of Les Annales with a green cover, so called Les Annales vertes. This journal contained a lot of pharmaceutical as well as parapharmaceutical advertising. It is the useful to make an analysis of it at a period which is just preceding the 1929 financial krasch and which is characterized by large advertising budgets in the pharmaceutical industry. Directed toward the general population, advertising was mainly targeting women and patients suffering from anaemia, intestinal transit diseases, or corn. It is also an opportunity to observe the dynamism of some pharmaceutical companies, most of which have disappeared since then. This very large amount of advertising, indeed in excess, will drive ultimately to change the law a few years later in order to control more and more tightly this activity of advertising that targeted the general population as well as medical doctors and pharmacists.

Television advertising and children: lessons from policy development

To conduct a policy review of the regulations related to food advertising on television aimed at children. The study consisted of documentary analysis of relevant legislation and policy documents related to children's advertising from both industry and non-governmental organisations at a global level and in 20 countries. This was supported with semi-structured telephone interviews with individuals from 11 countries. The initial findings resulted in a listing of regulatory impacts from which we developed a taxonomy of regulatory schemes. There was a tension between the development of legislation to cover this area and the use of voluntary agreements and codes. This tension represents a food industry/civic society split. The food and advertising industries are still engaged in a process of denying the impact of advertising on food choice and children as well as commissioning their own research. Outright bans are unusual, with most countries addressing the situation through voluntary agreements and self-regulation. We found a deep division over the way forward and the role and place of legislation. Policy-makers expressed concerns that national legislation was increasingly less relevant in dealing with broadcast media transmitted from outside national boundaries and therefore not subject to the receiving countries' laws but to the laws of the country from which they were transmitted. The options for the regulation of advertising targeted at children range from (1) a complete ban on advertising as in the case of Sweden, through (2) partial restrictions on advertising by type of food, target group or limits on the amount of advertisements or times shown, to (3) continuation of self-regulation by the advertising and food industries. There is a global dimension to regulation that needs to be built in, as national frontiers are no barriers to broadcast media and public health nutrition needs to ensure that its concerns are heard and addressed.

A study of technical, marketing, and cultural differences between virtual communities in industrially developing and developed countries

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the technical, marketing, and cultural differences between virtual communities in an industrially developing country, i.e. Bangladesh, and an industrially developed country, i.e. the USA.Design/methodology/approachA total of 33 virtual community sites from both countries were randomly selected and evaluated based on eight criteria relating to technical, marketing, and cross‐cultural aspects. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and χ2‐square statistics to identify the similarities and differences between the two countries’ virtual community sites.FindingsThe study found significant differences between the countries in the use of graphics and images, the amount of advertisement and promotional messages, the choices of language, the inclusion of religious content, the frequency of message concerning group welfare, equality and loyalty, and the number of structured messages. The study also found some similarities in navigational efficiency and online product information. In conclusion, the research found gaps in the technical, marketing, and cultural aspects between virtual communities in the industrially developing and developed countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe research used only 15 Bangladeshi virtual community sites due to the limited number of sites in the country.Originality/valueRecommendations are made to narrow the gaps and enhance the effectiveness of virtual communities in the industrially developing country. This will help web developers produce better virtual community websites and help marketers understand virtual community users from different countries and cultures. In addition, the present research method is useful to replicate similar research in other industrially developing countries such as China and India and thus provide insights for improvements.