Amorphous Compounds Research Articles

In vitro cell viability evaluation of amorphous carbon and Fe3O4 compounds

In vitro cell viability evaluation of amorphous carbon and Fe3O4 compounds

Boric acid-free electrodeposition process and solar–thermal energy conversion of and Ni-carbon black nanocomposite coatings

AbstractThis work focuses on the development of a multi-layered system, of bright nickel electrodeposited on a steel substrate, and a second layer composed of black nickel either with or without carbon black nanoparticles (CB NPs), aiming for an efficient conversion of incident solar radiation into heat, for the fabrication of solar collectors. The structural characterization, revealed that the bright nickel film was composed of metallic nickel, while the black coatings contained amorphous nickel compounds. SEM analysis unveiled the presence of pinholes on the surface of the bright nickel film, suggesting that the black nickel coating was ineffective in sealing them. The appearance of cracks with the increase in the deposition time was observed. With the nanocomposite of black nickel and CB NPs, these cracks can be avoided and the pinholes sealed. The CB NPs were found to reduce reflectance, enhancing the conversion of solar energy into heat. Graphical abstract

Reversible Zn and Mn deposition in NiFeMn-LDH cathodes for aqueous Zn-Mn batteries.

Introducing NiFeMn-Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) as an innovative cathode material for Zn-Mn batteries, this study focuses on bolstering the electrochemical efficiency and stability of the system. We explored the effect of varying Zn/Mn molar ratio in the electrolyte on the battery's electrochemical performance and investigated the underlying reaction mechanism. Our results show that an electrolyte Zn/Mn molar ratio of 4 : 1 achieves a balance between capacity and stability, with an areal capacity of 0.20 mA h cm-2 at a current of 0.2 mA and a capacity retention rate of 53.35% after 50 cycles. The mechanism study reveals that during the initial charge-discharge cycle, NiFeMn-CO3 LDH transforms into NiFeMn-SO4 LDH, which then absorbs Zn2+, Mn2+, and SO4 2- ions to form a stable composite substrate. This substrate enables the reversible deposition-dissolution of Mn ions, while Zn ions participate in the reaction continuously, with most Mn- and Zn-containing compounds depositing in an amorphous phase. Although further optimization is needed, our findings provide valuable insights for developing Zn-Mn aqueous batteries, highlighting the potential of LDHs as cathode substrates and the pivotal role of amorphous compounds in the reversible deposition-dissolution process.

Amorphous AlOCl Compounds Enabling Nanocrystalline LiCl with Abnormally High Ionic Conductivity.

LiCl is a promising solid electrolyte, providing it possesses high ionic conductivity. Numerous efforts have been made to enhance its ionic conductivity through aliovalent doping. However, aliovalent substitution changes the intrinsic structure of LiCl, compromising its cost-effectiveness and electrochemical stability. Here, we report nanocrystalline LiCl embedded in amorphous AlOCl compounds with a heterogeneous structure to enhance its ionic conductivity. Nanocrystallization enlarges the LiCl unit cell, while amorphization facilitates interfacial ion transport. As a result, the amorphous AlOCl-modified LiCl nanocrystal (AlOCl-nanoLiCl) demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 1.02 mS cm-1, which is 5 orders of magnitude higher than that of LiCl. Additionally, it exhibits high oxidative stability, low cost ($19.87 US kg-1), and low Young's modulus (2-3 GPa). When AlOCl-nanoLiCl is coupled with Li-rich cathodes (Li1.17Mn0.55Ni0.24Co0.05O2, 4.8 V vs Li+/Li), all-solid-state batteries exhibit remarkable long-term cycling stability (>1000 cycles). This work presents a novel strategy to enhance the ionic conductivity of alkaline chlorides without compromising their intrinsic advantages.

Synthesis of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

After the synthesis of carbon in the core of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, carbon is dredged up to the surface by convection. Many carbon-based molecules are formed in the subsequently developed stellar wind. These include acetylene, which can link together to form benzene in post-AGB evolution. The emergence of the spectral signatures of aromatic and aliphatic compounds in the transition phase between AGB stars and planetary nebulae suggests that complex organic compounds can be formed in the circumstellar environment over very short (103 yr) timescales. We suggest that the carrier of the family of unidentified infrared emission bands is an amorphous carbonaceous compound—mixed aromatic/aliphatic nanoparticles (MAONs). The implications of the synthesis of complex organics in evolved stars are discussed.

Effect of nano-Ti-Li-Al hydrotalcite-like on the hydration and hardening properties of sulfoaluminate cement-based materials

The use of sulfoaluminate cement-based materials (SCBMs) in grout reinforcement projects is common, and they also perform well in road repair and other facilities. To obtain high workability and permeability, a large water-to-cement ratio is generally used, which reduces the early mechanical properties of SCBMs. The early mechanical properties of cement-based materials can be improved by adding nanomaterials. The cement hydration product monosulfate (AFm) belongs to the hydrotalcite-like family, which is also called layered double hydroxide (LDHs). At present, there is no literature on the influence of nano-Ti-Li-Al layered double hydroxide materials (TiLiAl-LDHs) on SCBMs. In this study, two types of nano -TiLiAl-LDHs with different Ti/Li/Al molar ratios (Ti1Li3Al4-LDHs and Ti2Li3Al4-LDHs) were synthesized. Nano-Ti1Li3Al4-LDHs promoted the hydration of the slurry and improved the early mechanical properties of SCBMs to a greater extent than nano-Ti2Li3Al4-LDHs. However, the cause of this phenomenon remains unclear. Nano-TiLiAl-LDHs act as nucleation sites for ettringite (AFt) and AFm, both of which are cement hydration products. Among them, Ti1Li3Al4-LDHs preferentially provided nucleation sites for AFt, whereas Ti2Li3Al4-LDHs preferentially provided nucleation sites for AFm. Ti1Li3Al4-LDHs and Ti2Li3Al4-LDHs can release titanium, lithium, and carbonate ions in the SCBMs paste, and Ti1Li3Al4-LDHs release more lithium ions (up to 50 mg/L) while Ti2Li3Al4-LDHs release more titanium ions (up to 100 mg/L). Li+ can consume AlO2− and OH− in the slurry and form amorphous lithium aluminum compounds. Although Li+ inhibits the formation of AFt products, it promotes the hydration of anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate (ye’elimite). Ti4+ reacts with OH− to form a complex that inhibits the formation of AFt, thus reducing the hydration of SCBMs. CO32− promotes the formation of calcium carbonate and indirectly promotes the dissolution of ye’elimite and gypsum. The nucleation effect and release of titanium, lithium, and carbonate ions acted synergistically to influence the hydration and hardening processes of SCBMs. Compared with Ti2Li3Al4-LDHs, Ti1Li3Al4-LDHs has a greater ability to enhance the hydration and mechanical properties of the slurry owing to its strong nucleation and release of higher concentrations of lithium ions and lower concentrations of titanium ions.

Resolving intermediates during the growth of aluminum deuteroxide (Hydroxide) polymorphs in high chemical potential solutions

Aluminum hydroxide polymorphs are of widespread importance yet their kinetics of nucleation and growth remain beyond the reach of current models. Here we attempt to unveil the reaction processes underlying the polymorphs formation at high chemical potential. We examine their formation in-situ from supersaturated alkaline sodium aluminate solutions using deuteration and time-resolved neutron pair distribution function analyses, which indicate the formation of individual Al(OD)3 layers as an intermediate particle phase. These layers ultimately stack to form gibbsite- or bayerite-like layered heterostructures. Ex-situ characterization of the recovered precipitates using 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, suggests the presence of additional intermediate states, an amorphous compound bearing both tetrahededrally- and penta-coordinated Al3+. These observations reveal the complex pathways to form Al(OD)3 monolayers via either transient pentacoordinate species or amorphous-to-ordered transitions. The subsequent crystallization of admixed gibbsite/bayerite is followed by an Al(OD)3 monolayer attachment process.

Phytochemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity of Daniellia oliveri, and X-ray Crystal Structure of Polyalthic Acid

Objectives: Daniellia oliveri Rolfe is a well-known plant of Fabaceae family whose previous phytochemical and pharmacological studies led to the identification of triterpenoid, phenol, anthraquinone oxalate with antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. This study aimed to investigate chemical constituents and evaluate the antimicrobial potency of the root of D. oliveri. Methods: The methanol extract of the root barks of D. oliveri was subjected to silica gel chromatographic separation. The structures of the isolated compounds (1-9) were determined by analyzing their spectrometric and spectroscopic spectra. Single-crystal-Xray analysis was used to establish the absolute skeletal structure of compound 1. Crude extract, fractions and compounds were investigated against four bacteria vis Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, Escherichia coli 5, Staphylococcus aureus 25923 and Streptococcus sp . 9619 and, two yeast vis Candida albicans14053 and Candida tropicalis 018 using broth microdilution method. Results: The phytochemical prospection of the methanol extract of D. oliveri allowed the isolation of a naturally crystallized diterpenoid type furolabdane: polyalthic acid 1, as well as eight amorphous compounds (2-9). Among the tested samples, the crude extract, fractions and compounds selectively showed inhibitory effects against the tested microorganisms with MIC values ranging from 4 to 1024 μg/mL. Fraction D1 and compounds 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 exhibited the broadest antimicrobial effects among fractions and compounds while D5 and compound 1 showed the best activity with MIC values of 16 and 4 μg/mL respectively against E. coli which appeared to be the most sensitive strain . Conclusion: Polyaltic acid (1) showed the best activity with significant MIC value of 4 μg/mL identical to that of ceftazidine against E. coli. The MIC values of the active compounds 1, 4 and 7 are comparable to those of ceftazidime. Then, these compounds from natural origin, could serve as markers in the standardization of Daniellia plant as phytomedicine.

Coating of Carbon Black (CB) and Graphene Oxides (GOs) with Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Composites containing iron oxides are obtained by the co-precipitation of iron(II) and iron(III) compounds in the presence of different substrates in an alkaline environment. Newly synthesized graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rCO) and carbon black (CB) are used as substrates. Methods of obtaining GO–amorphous iron compound, rGO–Fe3O4, and CB–Fe3O4 composites are developed. It is determined that rGO–Fe3O4 and CB–Fe3O4 magnetic composites can be obtained at 70–75°C, while in the presence of GO, a non-magnetic composite containing an amorphous iron compound is formed under the same conditions. This composite, when heated in vacuum at 170–175°C, undergoes exfoliation, in result of which a powder composite rGO–amorphous iron compound is formed, the volume of which is 2.7 times greater than that of initial powder. Partial reduction of the formed composite takes place at 550°C and rGO–Fe3O4 is obtained. Formation of the magnetite phase is determined by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The structural-morphological study of the synthesized composites is carried out by the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) method. Their magnetic characteristics are studied using VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometry) method.

Enhancing adhesive interlayer performance with waste tire rubber and amorphous poly alpha olefin compound modified asphalt

Insufficient bonding performance in interlayers is a key factor in the deterioration of bridge deck pavements. This study evaluates the bonding and durability of Waste Tire Rubber (WTR)/Amorphous Poly Alpha Olefin (APAO) modified asphalt compared to the commonly used Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt. We conducted shear and pull tests to analyze how different bonding processes and the texture depth of the concrete surface affect bonding performance. The research also assessed the durability of the adhesive layer under conditions such as temperature fluctuations, water immersion, and aging. Results show that the choice of bonding method significantly impacts adhesive performance, with the coating bond method being superior to the crushed stone bond method. A concrete surface texture depth of 0.88 mm was identified as optimal for improving adhesive performance. Moreover, the WTR/APAO adhesive interlayer provided better adhesive and durability performance than the SBS adhesive interlayer under conditions of temperature fluctuations and water immersion. Based on these findings, the study recommends using the coating bond process and 15%WTR + 4%APAO modified asphalt for the adhesive interlayer.

Dynamic Directional Ultrasonically In Situ-Generated N,S-Codoped Carbon Dots in Poly(ethylene glycol) for Improved Tribological Performance.

The dispersion stability of nanomaterials in lubricants significantly influences tribological performance, yet their addition as lubricant additives often presents challenges in secondary dispersion. Here, we present a straightforward method for in situ preparation of N,S-codoped CDs (N,S-CDs)-based lubricants using heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing N/S elements in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) base oil by a directional ultrasound strategy. Two types of N,S-CDs were successfully prepared via the directional ultrasound treatment of PEG with benzothiazole (BTA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) separately. The resultant N,S-CDs have a uniform distribution of N and S elements and maintain good colloidal dispersion stability in PEG even after 9 months of storage. The N,S-CDs can enter the surface gap of the friction pairs and then induce a tribochemical reaction. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of N and S activating elements, a robust and stable protective film consisting of iron sulfides, iron oxides, carbon nitrides, and amorphous carbonaceous compounds is formed, thus endowing N,S-CDs-based lubricants with improved antiwear and friction-reducing performance. Compared with pure PEG, the coefficient of friction (COF) of the N,S-CDs(BTH)-based lubricant decreased to 0.108 from 0.292, accompanied by a 91.2% reduction in wear volume, and the maximum load carrying capacity increased to 450 from 150 N.

Theoretical and experimental characterization of trivalent lanthanide (La-Eu) aquacomplexes with losartan

In this work, losartan compounds with trivalent ions La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), and Eu(III) were synthesized in the solid-state. The thermal and spectroscopic study of the compounds was performed using TG-DSC, FTIR, DRX, and evolved gas analysis (EGA) by TG-DSC/FTIR. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic data suggested the possible modes of coordination of the ligand with the metal ions by the tetrazole ring. Thermogravimetric analyses provide information on the thermal stability, water coordination, and stoichiometry of the compounds. The minimum formulae of the compounds is [Ln(Los)3(H2O)x], where Ln=La and Ce/x = 7; and Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu/x = 6. TG-DSC coupled to FTIR in an air atmosphere suggested the release of H2O, CO2, CO, MeOH, NH3, and -NCO during the thermal decomposition of losartan from lanthanides. Amorphous compounds were obtained, and their poor solubility suggests their potential use as prodrugs in the solid-state.

Innovative amorphous multiple anionic transition metal compound electrode for extreme environments (≤ −80 °C) battery operations

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that function reliably in extreme environments has driven research efforts towards optimizing electrolyte composition, solid electrolyte interphase formation, and electrode materials. In this study, we pioneer an approach that utilizes amorphous-structured multiple anionic transition metal compounds as anodes, strategically paired with a cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)-based electrolyte, known for facilitating efficient Li+ conduction at low-temperatures. The synergistic effect yields exceptional LIB performance over a wide range of operating temperatures, stemming from the unique iron hydroxyl selenide (Fe(OH)Se) anode with a layered structure, enhanced ion diffusion pathways, and reduced energy requirements for conversion reactions combined with the CPME-based electrolyte. Specifically, Li//Fe(OH)Se LIBs with the CPME-based electrolyte exhibits initial discharge capacities of 974.7 mA h g−1 (at 1.0 A g−1) at room temperature, 285.2 mA h g−1 (at 0.025 A g−1) at −80 °C, and 1066.9 mA h g−1 (at 0.2 A g−1) at 45 °C. Notably, even at the extreme low-temperature of −100 °C, these LIBs remain operable.

Constructing an Ion‐Wall to Achieve Excellent Lithium Anodes in Li–O2 Batteries with High DN Electrolytes

AbstractFor the lithium (Li) metal anode, constructing a strong and durable protective layer with lithium‐ion permeability is crucial, especially in high donor number (DN) solvent system. High DN solvent‐based electrolytes can support both higher capacity and lower charge overpotential in the rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). However, Li anodes in high DN solvent system suffer from severe corrosion and uncontrolled dendrite growth due to the unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). Typically, this interface is formed in situ through electrochemical processes with complicated component and spatial distribution. Here, a functional molecule is introduced to construct an ion‐wall (IW) on Li surface by prechemical sequential reactions (p‐CSRs), through which the crystalline nanoparticles as bricks and amorphous hybrid compounds as the mortar can be produced to build such a “wall.” Different from the conventional SEI, this wall is not only compact and uniform, but also possess high strength, excellent passivation properties and high ionic conductivity. With these properties, the IW could suppress Li dendrites and inhabit the side reaction, supporting highly reversible Li plating/stripping behavior in high DN solvent system. As a result, the cycle stability of LOBs based on the IW protected Li anode is significantly improved.

Chemical characteristics via quantitative photoelectron analysis of chemical-solution-deposited yttrium oxide thin films for metal-insulator-metal capacitor applications

A cost-effective chemical bath deposition coupled with an annealing methodology is presented for obtaining yttrium oxide (Y2O3) thin films. The resultant thin films are homogeneous, free of pinholes, and show a relatively low surface roughness. The detailed characterization of the as-deposited thin film and the determination of optical, structural, and chemical characteristics of the films upon thermal transformation at 500 °C for 2 h was done with thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, surface topology analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results reveal that the as-deposited thin film is composed of an amorphous YOOH compound intrinsic to the synthesis process. However, with annealing, it is crystallized and transformed into a Y2O3 thin film showing a high optical transparency. The characteristics of the film are found to be influenced by the Y‒OH and Y‒O content with direct influence on the shape of the photoelectron spectra of the thin films showing a binding energy downshift of 1.6 eV from the 158.84 eV peak position found for the YOOH sample after annealing. The estimated surface roughness for the as-deposited YOOH and annealed Y2O3 samples resulted in 2.7 and 3.8 nm, respectively. The electrical characteristics and potential performance as a dielectric layer have been assessed in a Metal-Insulator-Metal configuration, where the acceptable values for leakage current in the 6 × 10−4 − 3 × 10−6 A/cm2 range and a capacitance of 218 and 80 nF/cm2 were measured for the YOOH and Y2O3 thin films, respectively. The latter indicates that these films are suitable candidates for gate dielectric transistor applications with the advantage of them being films produced via an economical and technically simple scalable process.

Recycling of SmCo Magnets by Removal of Iron via Oxidative Leaching

In the production of SmCo permanent magnets with excellent temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, samarium (Sm), one of the rare earth elements (REEs), and cobalt (Co) are employed. Cobalt (Co) is a crucial component in tool materials, nickel-based alloys, tablet and smartphone batteries, and electric car batteries. REEs and Co have been listed as critical raw materials by the European Union Commission for many years. Due to the ever-growing demand for Co and REEs in technological applications, the recovery of these elements from secondary sources has garnered significant interest. There are two types of SmCo magnets, one of which contains a high amount of iron, approximately 15.2%. This paper focuses on the recycling of Fe-bearing SmCo. In this study, an oxidative leaching process with nitric acid was developed to eliminate iron through in situ hydrolysis and to dissolve REEs and Co. The influence of experimental conditions on the formation of an amorphous iron compound through the hydrolysis of Fe3+ in a nitric acid environment was thoroughly examined based on a Taguchi orthogonal array. The optimal parameters for oxidative leaching were determined to be an acid concentration of 3 mol/L, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, and a process temperature of 60 °C.

Machine learning in high-entropy alloys: phase formation predictions with artificial neural networks

Due to their complex compositions, high entropy alloys (HEAs) offer a diverse range of material properties, making them highly adaptable for various applications, including those crucial for future sustainability. Phase engineering in HEAs presents a unique opportunity to tailor materials for environmentally friendly technologies and energy-efficient solutions. However, the challenge of predicting phase selection, a key aspect in harnessing the full potential of HEAs for sustainable applications, is compounded by the limited availability of HEA data. This study presents a distinctive approach by using a precisely produced and selected dataset to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This dataset, unlike prior studies, is uniquely constructed to contain an equal amount of training data for each phase in HEAs, which includes single-phase solid solutions (SS), amorphous (AM), and intermetallic compounds (IM). This methodology is relatively unexplored in the field and addresses the imbalanced data issue common in HEA research. To accurately assess the model's performance, rigorous cross-validation was employed to systematically adapt the model's hyperparameters for phase formation prediction. The assessment includes metrics such as phase-wise accuracy (AM 86.67% SS 81.25% & IM 82.35%), confusion matrix, and Micro-F1 score (0.83), all of which collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The study highlights the importance of feature parameters in phase prediction for HEAs, shedding light on the factors influencing phase selection. Its balanced dataset and training method notably advance machine learning in HEA phase prediction, providing valuable insights for material design amidst challenges and data scarcity in the field.

Using artificial intelligence to predict the tribology behavior of MoS2-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid

Artificial intelligence algorithms including two artificial neural network and two machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the four-ball tribology behavior of MoS2-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid. MoS2-Al2O3 composite nanoparticles were synthesized using solvothermal method and then dispersed in water-based fluids. 27 groups of tribology tests were conducted according to Box-Behnken experimental design were set as the training groups. The input variables (velocity of friction pairs, test force, test temperature, nanoparticle concentration) and output parameters (friction coefficient, wear scar diameter, wear surface roughness) were selected as the main variables. It was found that the random forest (RF) had better predict accuracy and stability for the four-ball tribology behavior of MoS2-Al2O3 nanofluid than multilayer perceptron (MLP), back propagation (BP) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithms. Besides, Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to reveal the relationship between input and output as well as different output variables. Through in-depth characterization of worn surface, a tribofilm in the thickness of 15 ∼ 20 nm composed of amorphous phases, ultra-fine nanoparticles and iron compounds was found. Finally, the lubrication mechanism of MoS2-Al2O3 nanofluid were discussed based on analyzing the tribology behavior data and tribofilm structure. Through the above findings, we hope to promote the application and development of artificial intelligence techniques in lubricants design and performance evaluation in the future.

Amorphous Metallic Cobalt-Based Organophosphonic Acid Compounds as Novel Photocatalysts to Boost Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion is a promising method for generating carbon fuels, in which the most important thing is to adjust the catalyst material to improve the photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity to conversion products, but it is still very challenging. In order to enhance the efficiency of CO2 photoreduction, it is important to develop an appropriate photocatalyst. The present study focuses on developing a simple and effective hydrothermal reaction treatment to improve the catalytic efficiency of transition metal cobalt (Co) and organophosphonates. Photoexcited charge carriers are separated and transferred efficiently during this treatment, which enhances CO2 chemisorption. Under visible light exposure, the best performing catalyst, CoP-4, showed 2.4 times higher activity than Co3O4 (19.90 μmol h−1 g−1) for reducing CO2 into CO, with rates up to 47.16 μmol h−1 g−1. This approach provides a viable route to enhancing the efficiency of CO2 photoreduction.

In Situ Active Site Refreshing of Electro‐Catalytic Materials for Ultra‐Durable Hydrogen Evolution at Elevated Current Density

AbstractEnhancing the durability of catalysts is of critical significance to industrialize green hydrogen production. Herein, a novel active site in situ refreshing strategy is proposed and demonstrated to fabricate highly active and ultra‐durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electro‐catalytic material by HER activation. Briefly, a composite catalytic material is synthesized, which features Ni(PO3)2 active sites being embedded inside the amorphous Mo compound matrix (named NiMoO‐P). The Mo compound matrix undergoes gradual dissolution during HER followed by a dynamic equilibrium between the dissolution and deposition of the amorphous matrix. This process promotes the continuous exposure of insoluble Ni(PO3)2 and Ni2P partially converted from Ni (PO3) 2 in situ on the surface during HER activation. Thus, activated catalyst exhibits excellent HER performance featuring an extremely high current density of 1500 mA cm−2 at a rather low overpotential of 340 mV, and more attractively, an ultra‐long durability for hydrogen evolution for at least 1000 h at an industrial‐applicable current density of 900 mA cm−2. The mechanisms for the especially high HER performance are attributed to the exposure and continuous refreshing of Ni(PO3)2 and the in situ formed Ni2P during the HER process based on the DFT calculations and quasi‐in situ Raman spectroscopic monitoring.