Ammonium Hydroxide Solution Research Articles

CaFe2O4@SiO2-Cu as a novel and highly efficient nanocatalyst for direct conversion of epoxides to β-acetoxy esters

Direct conversion of structurally various epoxides to the related β-acetoxy esters was investigated using catalytic amounts of CaFe2O4@SiO2-Cu. The reactions were accomplished in the presence of acetic anhydride under solvent-free conditions within 0.5–2 h to give desired products in high yields. Initially, the CaFe2O4 nanoparticles were manufactured through a chemical coprecipitation reaction of calcium nitrate and hydrated iron (III) nitrate in the presence of ammonium hydroxide solution, and then calcined at 800 ºC. Next, to protect the prepared CaFe2O4 from oxidation and aggregation, its surface was covered with a silica layer to give CaFe2O4@SiO2. Eventually, by adding copper chloride solution followed by potassium borohydride solid powder, Cu nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on the silica surface and the new CaFe2O4@SiO2-Cu nanocomposite was obtained. FT-IR, SEM, EDX, VSM, ICP-OES, TGA, TEM and XRD techniques were employed to characterize the newly synthesized nanostructure. In addition, durability of the catalyst was considered for several sequential reaction cycles without the notable loss of catalytic activity. The absence of hazardous organic solvents, high product yields, short reaction times and recoverability of the magnetic catalyst are among the remarkable advantages of the introduced procedure.

Utilization of Matrix Effect for Enhancing Resolution in Cation Exchange Chromatography.

In ion chromatography studies, the matrix effect of other inorganic ions present in the sample is a well-known phenomenon. In this work, the behavior of inorganic and organic ions was studied in a system overloaded with ammonium ions. The ammonium ions came from a solution of ammonium hydroxide in various concentrations (0.25-1.25%). In this system, which was significantly overloaded with ammonium ions, the behavior of three ions were tested (lithium, tris, and sodium cations). The measurements were performed at different eluent concentrations (6-17 mM), chromatographic column temperatures (25-40 °C), and injected volumes (15-40 µL). The retention times of sodium and lithium ions increased with increasing amounts of injected ammonium, while tris remained essentially unchanged, indicating that the resolution of these ions can be influenced by varying the concentration of the matrix. The results suggested that the observed effect was due to a combination of the pH change caused by the injected matrix, the dissociation of tris ions, the dissociation of the carbocylic ion-exchange groups of stationary phase, the change in buffer capacity, and the amount of ammonium ion introduced. It has been shown that in a well-designed experiment, the addition of ammonium hydroxide to the sample at concentrations greater than 1% can improve the efficiency of organic and inorganic cation separation. It was found that 8 mM methanesulfonic acid eluent, 30 °C, 1% ammonium hydroxide matrix concentration, and 25 µL injection were optimal for the baseline separation of tris and sodium ions on the high-capacity Dionex CS16 column. These ions could not be separated on this column without the presence of the ammonium matrix.

Development of carbon dots‐immobilized fluorescent polylactic acid hydrogel ink toward security authentication

AbstractA self‐healable hydrogel for advanced authentication applications was successfully developed. In the presence of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide as a cheap passivating agent, the hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose diacetate extracted from rice straw yielded nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NdCD) in a straightforward and ecologically beneficial manner. NdCD achieved a maximum quantum yield of 25.11%. Self‐healing biocomposite inks with different emission properties were created by using different concentrations of NdCD nanoparticles (NPs). In order to create a transparent layer of NdCD@PLA hydrogel, stamps were used to press homogenous films onto paper surfaces. Polylactic acid (PLA) hydrogel was embedded with NPs of NdCD. Self‐healing security hydrogel inks are highly durable. The NdCD@PLA hydrogel is efficiently self‐healable at room temperature. The current NdCD@PLA hydrogel can attach to different surfaces, such as glasses, plastics, and papers. The self‐healable nanobiocomposite was photostable when exposed to UV light. Under UV light, NdCD‐containing nanobiocomposite inks have a bluish color, as proved by both colorimetric parameters and fluorescence spectra. The morphological properties of NdCD were studied by transmission electron microscopy to suggest a particle diameter of 10–15 nm. The morphology of the fluorescent prints was analyzed using a number of different analytical methods. The hydrogel rheology and the mechanical performance of printed papers were tested. The printed films showed excitation and fluorescence bands at 401 and 488 nm, respectively. The present smart ink shows significant promise as a potential industrial production technique to simply produce anti‐counterfeiting prints.Highlights Rice straws were used to prepare nitrogen‐doped carbon dots with a quantum yield of 25.11%. Self‐healable polylactic acid hydrogel was immobilized with N‐doped carbon dots (10–15 nm). Transparent printed films shifted in color to blue (488 nm) when excited at 401 nm. Ultraviolet‐stimulated photochromic authentication prints were prepared. Printed paper demonstrated non‐cytotoxicity, high photostability, and durability.

Designing cellulose nanofibrils/carbon dots intelligent label with colorimetric and fluorescent dual responsiveness for real-time monitoring of food freshness

This study utilized 1,2,4-triaminobenzene dihydrochloride and NaOH as precursors to prepare the pH optical sensor based on carbon dots (CDs). By incorporating CDs into pineapple peel cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) matrix, an intelligent label (CNF/CDs label) with colorimetric and fluorescent dual responsiveness was created for real-time monitoring of food freshness. The CNF/CDs labels exhibited remarkable sensitivity and recognizability towards pH changes from 1 to 12. They also demonstrated excellent reversibility during acid-alkali cycling. Moreover, these labels exhibited exceptional responsiveness to the alkaline and acidic gas environments formed by ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid solutions, respectively. These responses were visually distinguishable through visible color changes and ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence alterations. Encouragingly, the developed labels were successfully applied to monitor the freshness of prawns and fruits, enabling timely assessment of food freshness levels. The dual-mode response of color and fluorescence provided double assurance for the accuracy of the results.

Surface nanostructuring of Ti40Cu40Zr11Fe3Sn3Ag3 amorphous alloy by alkaline chemical treatment for potential use as a biocompatible material

Amorphous alloys show potential as implant materials due to their superior mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. However, the presence of toxic elements in the alloy composition can pose challenges, as they can react with the surrounding tissue, leading to inflammation and cell death. To address this, Ti40Cu40Zr11Fe3Sn3Ag3 at% amorphous alloy is developed. This composition comprises of biocompatible elements (Ti, Zr, and Sn) and antimicrobial elements (Ag, Fe, and Cu), for potential use as implant materials. Chemical pseudo-dealloying using a solution of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is employed to selectively remove copper from the sample surface, which may induce toxicity by prolonged contact, and promote the formation of a patterned passivating Ti/Zr oxide-rich surface to enable possible antimicrobial effects. The surface of the samples was analyzed using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The modified surfaces show titanium oxide-rich nanostructured topography with depleted amounts of copper from the surface. The kinetics of the selective removal of copper, and the influence of parameters such as electrolyte concentration, immersion time, and stirring velocity on the evolution of morphology were investigated. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of pseudo-dealloying using an ammonia-based solution and demonstrate its efficacy in enhancing the biocompatibility of the alloy. In detail, the pseudo-dealloyed samples exhibited hydrophilic interactions and demonstrated hemocompatibility, making them promising candidates for blood-contacting medical devices. This study underscores the significance of our approach in tailoring the surface properties of amorphous alloys for biomedical applications, paving the way for their utilization in implant materials with improved biocompatibility.

Valorisation of sulphide tailings: A novel dilute reagents-based Mn extraction process

The surging demand for manganese (Mn) and the concomitant scarcity of its primary resources have ignited interest in the extraction of this pivotal metal from unconventional sources, notably mining tailings. This study delves into the efficacy of dilute reagents as a judicious and discerning method for extracting Mn from sulphide tailings, concurrently offering environmental amelioration and substantial economic advantages. Specifically, the investigation concentrates on the adept and selective leaching of Mn from rhodochrosite (MnCO3) mineral under optimized conditions. Under the optimized conditions of 5 % HCl, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5, a 90-minute leaching period, and a temperature at 50 °C, an exemplary 95 % leaching of MnCO3 was achieved while incurring a modest 12 % leaching of Fe, the principal impurity in the sample. Subsequent to the leaching process, MnO was efficiently extracted from the solution, exhibiting a purity surpassing 96 %, facilitated by the introduction of a diluted ammonium hydroxide solution (0.1 M NH4OH) at a solution pH of 9.8 and a temperature of 48 °C. The proposed methodology for reprocessing sulphide tailings offers numerous benefits, including cost-effective recovery and extraction, resulting from dilute reagents used and promoting a circular economy in mining. This research substantiates a significant stride towards the sustainable utilization of mining by-products, concurrently addressing both economic and environmental imperatives.

Smartphone-based digital image colorimetry for the determination of total capsaicinoid content in chili pepper extracts

A simple smartphone-based digital image colorimetry was proposed for the determination of total capsaicinoid content and the assessment of chili pepper pungency. The biobased solvent D-limonene was used for the first time to isolate analytes. Capsaicinoids were efficiently separated from chili pepper by solid–liquid extraction with D-limonene followed by partitioning of the analytes into the ammonium hydroxide solution to eliminate the matrix interference effect. For colorimetric detection of total capsaicinoid content, a selective chromogenic reaction was performed using Gibbs reagent (2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide). Measurements were performed using a smartphone-based setup and included image analysis with the program ImageJ. The limit of detection of the proposed procedure was 0.15 mg g−1. The intra-day repeatability did not exceed 10.0 %. The inter-day repeatability was less than 16.5 %. The comparison of the smartphone-based procedure with high-performance liquid chromatography showed satisfactory results.

Role of Cl/F Ions Concentration, pH and Temperature on Pitting Corrosion Behavior of 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel

In the chemical industry, 2507 duplex stainless steel is usually used for the pipes of absorption tower. The residual F− and Cl− in the tail gas could aggregate in the clean solution of ammonium hydroxide, which causes the risk of pitting corrosion. In this study, the role of Cl/F ions concentration, pH and temperature on the pitting corrosion of 2507 stainless steel is investigated by exposing to actual industrial ammonia desulfurization solution. The experimental results reveal that the 2507 stainless steel exposed the serious corrosion solution appears pitting corrosion problem. However, the 2507 stainless steel is free of pitting corrosion at the tested condition of pH value 3.59/5, temperature 80 °C/100 °C, and ion concentration 46375 ppm/80000 ppm. This study provides a fundamental data for the safety service of stainless steel used in chemical industry.

Synthesis and Comparison of Chemical Changes for Novel Silver Substituted Hydroxyapatite using Fourier Transform InfraRed Rays

The aim of the study is to synthesize and compare the chemical changes using FTIR for silver substituted hydroxyapatite. Different types of silver substituted hydroxyapatite are used. Ammonium hydroxide solution is combined with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), silver chloride hexahydrate (AgCl2.6H2O), diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4), and ammonium hydroxide (HN4OH) solutions. The precipitation method was carried out using the ultrasonic. With the use of clinclac.com, the total sample size was determined for the silver substituted data (N=4), alpha error of 0.05, G power of 80%, enrollment ratio of 0:1, confidence interval of 95%, and total sample size of 4. There is a statistical significance existence, P=0.004, (p<0.05).This shows that there is a statistical significant difference between the two groups considered in this study. When compared to other percentages, 10% of silver substituted hydroxyapatite exhibits better properties. It is concluded that the 10% of silver doped hydroxyapatite is more efficient and exhibits better properties than other substitutions. It can be very used in bone regeneration, structural strength and dental implants.

Mathematical Modeling of Absorption-adsorption Processes for Waste Free Decontamination of Gases from SO2 in a Bubble Tray Column

Mathematical Modeling of Absorption-adsorption Processes for Waste Free Decontamination of Gases from SO₂ in a Bubble Tray Column

Synthesis and Comparison of Chemical Changes Using FTIR Spectroscop for Copper Substituted Hydroxyapatite

The study aims to scrutinise and compare the chemical modifications present in copper-substituted hydroxyapatite utilising FT-IR spectroscopy. The synthesis of both HAp and Cu-modified HAp was conducted via the chemical precipitation method, involving specific chemicals like ammonium hydroxide (HN4OH) solution, diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4), copper chloride hexahydrate (CuCl2.6H2O), and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O). The overall sample size was determined through clinlac.com considering the copper-substituted dataset (N=4), an alpha error of 0.05, G power at 80%, an enrolment ratio of 0.1, and a confidence interval of 95%. The acquired FT-IR spectra denote minimal differences between the CuHAp and HAp samples. Each peak bears a resemblance to the distinctive features of HAp, indicating structural similarity between pure hydroxyapatite and the copper-substituted variant. The investigation utilised SPSS 27.0.1 software to compute the copper-doped hydroxyapatite percentages at 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%. A One Sample T-test revealed a statistically significant difference with a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), particularly highlighting the statistical significance of copper hydroxyapatite weight percentage (p=0.006). Significant alterations in peak values were observed in the novel copper-substituted hydroxyapatite concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Notably, the study identifies the 10% copper and hydroxyapatite combination as yielding the most noteworthy chemical modifications via spectroscopy. This finding suggests the potential utility of these compounds in medicinal applications.

Synthesis of highly basic, low-cost iron oxides from tin can waste as valorization of municipal solid waste and study of their catalytic efficiency as potent catalysts for MEK production

In the present study, low-cost iron oxide catalysts have been prepared by a simple precipitation method using tin food can waste as a source of iron and sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solution as a precipitating agent. The prepared catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDAX quantitative elemental analysis, and BET surface area measurements. Surface basicity of iron oxide catalysts was measured by adsorption of carbon dioxide as an acidic probe molecule, followed by desorption measurements using the TGA technique. The prepared iron oxide catalysts were tested by dehydrogenation of 2-butanol to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at a temperature range of 275–375 °C. Commercial iron oxide was tested under identical reaction conditions for comparison with the prepared catalysts. The results indicated the superiority of the prepared catalysts over the commercial one and the superiority of the catalyst prepared using NaOH over that prepared using NH4OH as precipitating agents. The use of different precipitating agents affects the surface morphology and, consequently, the catalytic activity of the produced iron oxide catalysts.Graphical abstract

Open acid dissolution-Ammonia solution extraction-ICP OES rapid determination of 7 trace metal elements in soil.

To overcome the corrosion of hydrofluoric acid on the ICP OES injection system in the acid dissolution system, this paper makes some improvements based on the traditional open digestion. The improved method does not require the complete removal of hydrofluoric acid. After appropriate digestion of the sample with a mixed acid, the solution can be transferred to a colorimetric tube containing ammonium hydroxide solution to give the final volume for analysis. In this paper, two-point standard curves are plotted using soil standards and process blanks, which is not only convenient but also overcomes the interference of the matrix effect. Through continuous experiments, the preferred ratio of mixed acid is 3 mL nitric acid + 5 mL hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of ammonia solution is 0.5%. The spectral lines of the measured elements V (292.4), Cr (283.5), Co (228.6), Ni (231.6), Cu (324.7), Zn (213.8) and Pb (220.3) were determined. The method quantification limits of the seven measured elements V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were 0.909, 4.32, 0.269, 0.261, 0.968, 3.69 and 2.64 μg g-1, respectively, and the precision was 3.5%, 5.2%, 4.8%, 2.4%, 6.1% and 4.5%, respectively. After processing six national standard materials according to the experimental method, the measured values of each measured element were basically in agreement with the certified values, indicating that this method is fully feasible for the measurement of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in soil. This method greatly improves the efficiency of pretreatment and is particularly suitable for analysing large batches of samples.

Development and validation of a sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of bambermycin in livestock and aquatic products: Implications for food safety control and regulatory enforcement.

A sensitive and accurate analytical method was developed and validated to detect bambermycin, a commonly used antibiotic in animal feed and livestock. The presence of bambermycin residues in food products can pose health risks to consumers, emphasizing the need for a sensitive and accurate analytical method. A reversed-phase analytical column was utilized with a mobile phase comprising 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 5% acetonitrile (A) and 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 95% acetonitrile (B) to achieve effective chromatographic separation. Quantitative determination of bambermycin in various samples, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, eggs, flatfish, eel, and shrimp, was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sample extraction involved a mixture of methanol and a 25% ammonium hydroxide solution, followed by low-temperature purification and phospholipid removal utilizing a Phree cartridge. The method exhibited a satisfactory recovery rate ranging from 69% to 100%. Validation results demonstrated the reliability, robustness, and accuracy of the method, exhibiting good linearity, precision, and recovery. This validated method can be applied for routine analysis of bambermycin residues, assisting in the development of effective monitoring and control measures to ensure the safety of livestock and aquatic products.

A Cost-Effective Microfluidic Device to Teach the Principles of Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis.

Electrophoresis is integral to analytical and biochemistry experiences in undergraduate education; however, fundamental principles of the method are often taught in upper-level laboratories through hands-on experiences. A laboratory activity is reported that teaches the concepts of electrophoretic mobility and electroosmotic flow. A single reuseable instrument, called a mini-E, costs 37 USD and consists of a DC power supply, a voltmeter, platinum electrodes, and a chip cast in polydimethylsiloxane. This activity uses common reagents costing only 0.02 USD per student. Experiments are devised that allow students to investigate the properties of electrophoretic flow and electroosmotic flow by separating the two commonly used food dyeing agents Brilliant Blue FCF and Allura Red AC in vinegar and in a solution of ammonium hydroxide. A dark-purple mixture of these dyes is separated into red and blue bands that are easily visualized. The migration order of the dyes differs when the separation is performed under conditions of reversed polarity and suppressed electroosmotic flow (vinegar) compared to conditions of normal polarity and active electroosmotic flow (ammonium hydroxide). When delivered to chemistry majors, students had a significant gain in their ability to apply the concepts of electroosmosis and electrophoresis to predict analyte migration. Although this activity targets upper-level chemistry content, it can also be adapted for other laboratory experiences.

Enhancement of the Texture & Morphology of Nano γ-Alumina as a Support for Naphtha Reforming Catalyst

The morphology of nano gamma alumina affects the molecule adsorption-desorption phenomena. In this case, manipulating the surface area, pore volume, and pore size by the technique of preparation to control the morphology and textural properties of gamma alumina. Washing of the synthesized boehmite gel with methanol has a significant effect. The co-precipitation method was used to prepare nano gamma alumina, which is involved by adding drop-by-drop ammonium hydroxide and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate solutions to a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant solution at 30 C and adjust PH to 8. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis (ASAP 2020), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the obtained material. Surface area (362 m2/g), pore volume (0.51 cm3/g), pore size (5.2 nm), and narrow pore size distribution were obtained.

Liquid phase exfoliation of metal–organic frameworks in aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide solution enables highly efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Metal−organic framework nanosheets (MONs) show promising applications in many fields, but the production of large amounts of high-quality MONs remains a challenge. Here, we report a general liquid-phase stripped approach to exfoliate a benzoic acid linked MOF (Al2(OH)2TCPP-Co) in water by using quaternary ammonium hydroxides as deprotonation reagent, intercalator and stabilizer simultaneously. It is shown that the stripped yield is high up to 27.5%, the thickness of MONs is mainly 1–3 nm, and the horizontalsize is less than one hundred nanometers. The molecular geometry and alkalinity of quaternary ammonium hydroxides play vital roles in the exfoliation of MONs. Moreover, the MONs have been applied as photocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to CO in a gas–solid model under UV–visible light illumination without using anyphotosensitizer and sacrificialagents. The productivity rate of CO is 118.7 μmol g−1 h−1, which outperforms most of the photocatalysts reported previously. Thus, the liquid phase stripping method reported in this work has great potential in the large-scale production of MONs for efficient photocatalysis of CO2 reduction in the gaseous phase.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТОДОВ И УСЛОВИЙ СООСАЖДЕНИЯ НА МОРФОЛОГИЮ И СТРУКТУРУ ПОРОШКОВ ИТТРИЙ-АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО ГРАНАТА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОПЛОТНОЙ КЕРАМИКИ

Highly dispersed powders of yttrium-aluminium garnet precursors were obtained by different variations of the co-precipitation method: direct precipitation, imaginative heterophase precipitation using a spray funnel. Different precipitants were used in experiments: solutions of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, also with and without ammonium sulphate as a dispersant. Powders of yttrium-aluminium garnet have been synthesised. The morphology and structure of precursor and garnet powders have been studied. Comparative analysis has been carried out.

TLC densitometric analysis of triple antibiotic therapy; Erythromycin, Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim in different edible chicken tissues

Erythromycin (ERY) is one of the macrolides used abundantly in veterinary medicines to treat various infections including respiratory, skin and bones. Combination of sulfadiazine (SFD) and trimethoprim (TMP) has proven efficacy and is widely used in the treatment of many infectious diseases, due to the efficiency of SFD as a bactericidal and TMP as a bacteriostatic. On the other hand, those residues of antibiotics like ERY, SFD and TMP in animal tissues may pose health hazards to humans. A simple and cost effective TLC densitometeric method has been developed to analyze the above mentioned drugs in their dosage form and in spiked chicken muscle and liver samples. A mixture of chloroform: methanol: ammonia hydroxide solution (33%, v/v) (8.5:1.5:0.1, by volume) was the developing system. In order to obtain the highest possible sensitivity, the separated bands were exposed to iodine vapors in well closed container for 15 min and then detection was immediately done at 220 nm. Linearity was achieved in the ranges of 0.5–10, 0.1–2 µg/band for ERY and SFD, respectively in both spiked muscle and liver samples while for TMP, linearity was proved over the ranges of 0.1–1.8 µg/band for spiked muscle samples and 0.1–1.6 for spiked liver samples.

Development of conditions for sertraline isolation from biological fluids

The toxicological significance of antidepressant drugs is steadily increasing. Development of the effective methods of the sample preparation is a topical issue of the chemical-toxicological analysis of antidepressants. Aim. To develop conditions for isolating the antidepressant sertraline from the blood and urine by the liquid-liquid extraction. Materials and methods. The studies were performed with model blood and urine samples spiked with sertraline. In the study of the blood, the formed blood elements were pre-precipitated by adding a 10 % solution of trichloroacetic acid. Extraction purification was performed with hexane at pH 1, and the drug was extracted from biological fluids with chloroform at pH 8. The extracts obtained were further subjected to the TLC purification. Determination of sertraline in eluates from chromatograms was performed by the UV spectrophotometric method. Results and discussion. The Rf value of sertraline in the mobile phase of methanol – 25 % ammonium hydroxide solution (100:10.5) was 0.42 ± 0.02. The UV spectra of the eluates from the chromatograms had absorption maxima at wavelengths of 268 ± 2, 275 ± 2 and 283 ± 2 nm and matched with the UV spectrum of a standard solution of sertraline in 0.1 mole/L ethanol solution of hydrochloric acid. The quantitative determination was performed at λmax 275 nm according to the equation of the calibration curve y = 0,00216x–0,03. The methods developed allowed to isolate 80.0 ± 4.0 % of sertraline from the urine, 39.0 ± 2.0 % from the blood serum, and additionally 8.0 ± 0.7 % of the antidepressant studiedfrom the blood sediment after its separation from the blood serum. Conclusions. The effective conditions for the sample preparation of biological fluids using the liquid-liquid extraction method for the antidepressant sertraline have been determined. The results obtained are of practical importance for creating an algorithm for the toxicological study of biological samples for the presence of this antidepressant in case of fatal drug intoxications.