Ammonium Humate Research Articles

Ammonium Humate Application Techniques and their Influence on Crop Productivity and Sandy Soil Properties

Ammonium Humate Application Techniques and their Influence on Crop Productivity and Sandy Soil Properties

The Effect of Pars Humic (Ammonium humate) on Reducing Damage Caused by Potato Virus Y in Cultivars Agria

The Effect of Pars Humic (Ammonium humate) on Reducing Damage Caused by Potato Virus Y in Cultivars Agria

OBTAINING HUMATE-CONTAINING NEW COMPOSITE PRODUCTS

The influence of various factors on the process of interaction in the systems "sodium humate-mixture of phosphoric and nitric acids" and "phosphorite-mixture of acids-sodium humate" has been investigated. The influence of the ratios of the initial components, the amount of sodium humate introduced, the rate of the acid reagent, the temperature and duration of the reaction on the interaction process in the systems under study was studied, and the optimal process conditions were determined. The methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis revealed that as a result of interaction in the studied heterogeneous systems, ammonium humate, sodium acid phosphates, as well as sodium and ammonium nitrates are formed. Based on the studies carried out, it was found that the introduction of sodium humate prevents the inhibition of the decomposition of phosphate raw materials and the retrogradation of P2O5, i.e. the sparingly soluble calcium hydrogen phosphate formed as a result of the interaction of the initial components under the influence of sodium humate transforms into a readily soluble dihydrogen phosphate. A basic technological scheme for obtaining new types of humate-containing composite products has been developed. A basic technological scheme for obtaining new types of humate-containing products has been developed, which allows obtaining two types of products: fertilizers and compositions. When sodium humate interacts with an acidic reagent, the finished product is a humate composition, and if phosphorite is added to the system, a humate-phosphate fertilizer. The resulting products have a high content of P2O5, nitrogen and humic substances.

Potentials of potassium humate, ammonium humate, and vermicompost tea in controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria and improving biochemical components in eggplant

The impact of potassium humate, ammonium humate and vermicompost tea on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, and their effect on plant growth and some biochemical parameters in eggplant were determined in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results showed that egg hatching and juvenile mortality of M. arenaria were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by treatments. Ammonium humate 3 and 2% were more effective in inhibiting egg hatching after 4 days by 61.6 and 82.6% respectively. Also, in ammonium humate 3%, the increase of exposure period from 24 to 48 hrs. raised mortality from 73.3 to 82%. In vivo experiment treatments were applied under greenhouse conditions with two different application methods (soil drenching, and foliar spray) and two concentrations (2 and 3%) on the root-knot nematode, M. arenaria population, and their impact on eggplant. All tested treatments significantly decreased nematode number to different levels compared to control. The highest suppression in total nematode population was recorded with drenching by 3% ammonium humate. A similar trend was noticed with reproduction factor and number of galls or egg- masses per root system. Plants grown in soil drenched by 3 % ammonium humate recorded the highest value in fresh and dry weight, as well as shoot and root length. Also, these plants gave the highest values of carotenoids, phenolic compounds and total amino acids. While, the highest value of proline content appeared with control. Also, the results showed that the total chlorophyll, total protein and reducing sugar content increased in all treatments compared to control.

Preparation of Humate-Containing Fertilizers Based on Natural Raw Materials

The effects of ratios between the starting components, temperature, and reaction time on the interaction of sodium humate (HumNa) with acid reagents was studied, and the following optimal conditions for the production of humate-containing fertilizers were determined: the solid-to-liquid ratio S/L = 1 : 3–4, t = 40–60°C, and τ = 30–40 min. It was found that ammonium humate and sodium and ammonium nitrates are formed as a result of interactions in the heterogeneous systems studied.

Facile synthesis of B/N co-doped 2D porous carbon nanosheets derived from ammonium humate for supercapacitor electrodes

In this work, we report a facile method for preparing the B/N co-doped 2D porous carbon nanosheets (BNHCs) with high contents of boron (3.41–3.96 at.%) and nitrogen (5.1–6.09 at.%) via annealing the mixtures of ammonium humate and H3BO3. The ammonium humate is used as nitrogen-containing carbon precursor, and H3BO3 acts as boron source and pore-forming agent. Moreover, we demonstrate firstly that the existence of H3BO3 can enhance the graphitization degree of BNHCs by inducing the conversion of BCO2 to BC3 with increasing the H3BO3/ammonium humate mass ratio to 2. BNHC-1.5 exhibits the highest specific surface area of 592 m2 g−1 among all the samples, and BNHC-2 shows the enhanced graphitization degree and highest mesopore ratio (60.5%). In a three-electrode system, the BNHC-1, BNHC-1.5 and BNHC-2 exhibit high specific capacitances of 305 F g−1, 311 F g−1 and 225 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and 64 F g−1, 125 F g−1 and 120 F g−1 at ultrahigh current density of 100 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, as assembled symmetric supercapacitor electrodes with high active material mass loading (∼180 μm, ∼13 mg cm−2), BNHCs deliver high specific capacitances of 170–210 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, and BNHC-2 presents an outstanding cyclic stability (94.8% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles), making them promising candidates for practical supercapacitor application.

Separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite from a copper tailing by ammonium humate

Abstract Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum. It turned out that chalcopyrite (Cu) and pyrite (S) were the main recoverable minerals in the tailing. In order to separate chalcopyrite from pyrite in low pulp pH, ammonium humate (AH) was singled out as the effective regulator. The depression mechanism of AH on the flotation of pyrite was proved by FTIR spectrum and XPS spectrum, demonstrating that there was a chemical adsorption between AH and pyrite. By Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the interaction between AH, pulp pH and iso-butyl ethionine (Z200) was discussed. It was illustrated that the optimal dosage of AH was 1678 g·t− 1 involving both the recovery of Cu and S. The point prediction by RSM and the closed-circuit flotation displayed that the qualified Cu concentrate and S concentrate could be obtained from the copper tailing. The study indicated that AH was a promising pyrite depressor in the low pulp pH from copper tailings.

Phytoprotective Effect of Ammonium Humate at High Copper Concentrations in the Environment

The influence of ammonium humate obtained from peat on the tolerance of wheat plants to high CuSO4 concentrations (100, 250, 500, and 1000 μM/L) has been studied. Seeds were germinated on a copper sulfate solution with and without the humate. Then the plants were grown on Hoagland’s solution in an artificial climate chamber. The coefficient of protective action by humate was estimated in the following two ways: by dry weight changes and by the copper ion content in comparison with the plants grown without humate. The protective role of the humate at 100 and 250 μM has been established, which is due to reduction of copper accumulation in the plants. It has been found that the humate at higher concentrations enhances the toxic effect of copper.

ФИТОПРОТЕКТОРНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ ГУМАТА АММОНИЯ ПРИ ВЫСОКИХ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯХ МЕДИ В СРЕДЕ

The influence of ammonium humate obtained from peat on the wheat plant tolerance to high CuSO4 concentrations (100, 250, 500, and 1000 μM/l) was studied. Seeds were germinated on copper sulphate solution with and without the humate. Then the plants were grown on Hoagland’s solution in an artificial climate chamber. The humate protective action coefficient was estimated in two ways, namely: by dry weight changes and by copper ion content in comparison with the plants grown without humate. A protective role of the humate at 100 and 250 μM was established, due to copper accumulation reduction in the plants. At higher concentrations the humate enhanced the toxic effect of copper.

Organo-mineral sulfur containing fertilizers on the basis of oxidized brown coal and phosphogypsum

It was demonstrated that the phosphogypsum can be used as the component of organo-mineral fertilizers on the basis of ammoniated oxidized brown coal because ammonium humates present in the ammoniated oxidized brown coal converted the phosphogypsum into calcium humate and ammonium sulfate.

Co-remediation of cadmium-polluted soil using stainless steel slag and ammonium humate

This study investigated the remediation of cadmium-polluted soil using a combination of stainless steel slag and ammonium humate. These remedial agents were added to an artificially polluted garden soil to inhabit cadmium toxicity in soil by changing the physical and chemical properties of soil in a pot experiment. The results showed that the co-application of ammonium humate and stainless steel slag significantly decreased the total and available soil cadmium concentrations, with maximum decreases of 16.30% and 58.04%, respectively. The co-application of an adequate dose of these remedial agents can significantly increase soil pH. The soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity, as well as the amount of soil aggregates, were also significantly increased by the addition ammonium humate, but not stainless steel slag.

Porous structure and sorption properties of nitrogen-containing activated carbon

Nitrogen-containing activated carbon (NAC) derived from ammonium humates was produced and its porous structure (specific surface, pore volume) investigated. The NAC is mesoporous activated carbon with surface area of 557 m 2/g and containing 2.4 wt.% of nitrogen. Sorption characteristics (sorption activity of iodine, methylene blue, benzene and metal ions Cu 2+ and Pb 2+) of NAC are compared with activated charcoal and BAU-A.

Lignite pre-treatment and its effect on bio-stimulative properties of respective lignite humic acids

Humic acids originating from South-Moravian lignite were subjected to a comparative study with the aim to assess the alteration of their physico-chemical properties after various lignite pre-treatments. Physical modification was achieved with two organic acids, such as acetic acid and citric acid and chemical modification by nitric acid and hydrogene peroxide in various concentrations. Elemental analysis, solid-state NMR, GC–MS analysis of polyols and size exclusion chromatography were carried out for chemical–physical characterization of obtained humic acids. Their biological effect, in form of potassium and ammonium humates, was tested on maize ( Zea mays) seedlings. In these tests, potassium humates achieved far better overall results than ammonium humates. Results were inter-correlated in order to appraise the influence of humic acids physical and chemical properties on biological activity. Surprisingly, fractions with the lowest molecular size (0–35 kDa) showed no correlation with bioactivity results (Pearson coefficient from 0.05 to −0.4). On the contrary, middle-sized fractions (35–175 kDa) showed highly significant positive correlation (Pearson coefficient up to 0.92) and the highest molecular-size-fractions (275–350 kDa) showed negative correlation (Pearson coefficient up to −0.75). These findings were identical for both potassium and ammonium humates. No connection was found between bioactivity of humates and polyols content which was remarkably high; it reached 150 mg per g of humic acids in the most extreme case of 5% hydrogene peroxide pre-treatment. In the final analysis, the preparation mode bore pivotal responsibility for the control of humic acids biological effect and showed the best results for potassium humates obtained from lignite pre-treated by acetic acid and by 2% hydrogen peroxide.

Preparation of Sodium Humate/α-Aluminum Oxide Adsorbents for Flue Gas Desulfurization

A new composite adsorbent of sodium humate (HNa)=alpha-aluminium oxide ({alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) was prepared using the impregnation method. Both the adsorbent of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and HNa={alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Desulfurization activity of the adsorbent impregnated with ammonia (NH{sub 4}OH) was investigated in a fixed-bed quartz reactor. Experimental results indicate that HNa, which coats the {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} fibers impregnated with HNa solution, improved the property of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} support for FGD. On the other hand, the HNa-coating on the adsorbent of HNa/{alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} impregnated with NH{sub 4}OH played an important role in enhancing the desulfurization property of the {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Due to the strong adsorption capability of HNa, more NH{sub 4}OH was adsorbed in the adsorbent of HNa/{alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} the longer a high sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) conversation rate was maintained. In addition, because the desulfurization product was a compound fertilizer consisting of ammonium sulfate ((NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4}), ammonium humate (HNH{sub 4}), and HNa, the recycling use of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was also easily achieved. Thus, this study canmore » provide a new cost-effective way to remove SO{sub 2} from flue gas.« less

Molecular size distribution of compost-derived humates as a function of concentration and different counterions

Conformational changes in the structures of humic acids (HA) extracted from compost with varying degrees of maturity were monitored by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The molecular size distribution of HA was compared in solutions containing sodium or ammonium counterions at pH 7 and pH 4.5. These findings indicate that the humates’ molecular size depended not only on the nature of the counterions but also on their concentration in the solution. The physicochemical nature of sodium counterions determined smaller molecular sizes than those of the more hydrated ammonium counterions, at low concentrations of humates. Conversely, at higher humate concentrations, the more compact conformation of sodium humates produced larger molecular sizes than those of ammonium humates due to the aggregation of more hydrophobic surfaces in the sodium humates. Composting led to the degradation of labile microbial components with accumulation of hydrophobic constituents. This caused self-association of hydrophobic compounds into humic superstructures of larger molecular size over composting time. At lower pH, changes in conformational stability by the addition of acetic acid to humate solutions were explained by the supramolecular model of humified organic matter.

Interaction of heavy metal ions with ammonium humates

Sorption properties of ammonium humates with respect to Fe(III), Cu(II), Al(III), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) are studied. The effect of the metal ion concentration on the ammonium humate consumption is examined and the corresponding dependences are analyzed using regression equations. The IR spectra of brown coal humic acids, ammonium humates, as well as Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Al humates are presented.

Thermal stability of humic acids and some of their derivatives

The thermal stability of humic substances (humic acids, sodium humate and ammonium humate) manufactured on the plant or pilot plant scale was examined within the temperature range 150–250°C with a period of heating up to 60 min. Under these conditions no significant destruction of the skeleton of the humic substances occurs; in spite of a certain loss in weight, these materials retain the fundamental characteristics of humic substances such as the content of functional groups and the distribution of molecular weights. By heating ammonium humate to 150°C, liberation of ammonia takes place and the resulting product has the properties of pure humic acids

Studies on the application of ferrous Sulphate for controlling chlorosis of Apple tree on calcareous soils

Abstract Our large‐area field experiments show that a favorable curative effect of line induced chlorosis on apple trees was obtained with only 1–8 kilograms of ferrous sulphate applied to a large bearing tree. The most favorable effect on controlling chlorosis can be acquired by applying ferrous sulphate‐organic “mixed fertilizers in 8–10 holes along the crown of a tree. The mixed fertilizers giving good results were 1:10, 1:7 or 1:5 ferrous sulphate and horse manure, or cottonseed cake, wood dust, ammonium humate. The application of fertilizer in numerous positions is advantageous to the all‐sided renewal of diseased trees. Application before new leaf growth in spring was advantageous and helped to decrease toxicity. Organic matter also minimized toxicity.

Absorption of hydrogen sulphide by peat in the presence of ammonia

AbstractThe influence of the following factors on the efficiency of peat in removing hydrogen sulphide from mixtures of it with air, oxygen or nitrogen and 3 little ammonia has been investigated: (a) variation of ammonia supplied, (b) variation of oxygen content of gas, (c) variation of moisture content of peat, (d) variation of weight of peat, (e) variation of diameter of reaction tube, (f) dilution of peat with sawdust (g) sterilization of pent, and (h) depth of source of peat.In addition, the activities of other absorbents and of humic acids from peat have been examined, and figures for the saturation of peat with sulphur have been obtained; finally, the activity of peat and humic acids saturated with ammonia has been ascertained. A hypothesis has been submitted to explain the experimental evidence: this suggests that the reaction is based on combination of ammonia with the humic acids in pear, followed by the decomposition of the ammonium humates with hydrogen sulphide. The resulting ammonium hydrogen sulphide is then oxidized to ammonia and free sulphur, and the regenerated ammonia is available for further reaction.

The Fertilising Value and Nitrifiability of Humic Materials Prepared from Coal (With Three Text-figures.)

Summary1. Humic acids and ammonium humates prepared by a patented process of gentle oxidation of coal were examined as fertilisers by laboratory nitrification experiments and pot-culture tests on four soils and by a number of field experiments on a range of soils and crops during a single season.2. In all tests the effects of ammonium humate could not be distinguished from those of ammonium sulphate of equal ammonium content. The nitrification tests and the pot cultures afforded some evidence of a slow production of nitrate or available nitrogen from the humic acid.3. In the field experiments as in the pots there was no clear evidence of any fertiliser value apart from that due to the ammonium present.