Concentration Of Ammonia Solution Research Articles

A paper-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for NH3 detection in gaseous phase: Real-time monitoring of chilled chicken freshness

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor platform with easy-to-use and accurate is nanoengineered for NH3 quantitative detection and visual real-time monitoring of chicken freshness using smartphones. The ratiometric fluorescent probe formed by combining the zinc ion complex and carbon dots has a double-emitted fluorescence peak. The fluorescence intensity of the complex changed can be clearly observed with the increase of the concentration of ammonia solution under 365 nm wavelength excitation. In order to detect NH3 concentration in gaseous phase, a portable paper-based sensor was designed. The sensor had a good linear relationship with NH3 concentration ranging from 10.0 to 90.0 μmol/L and the LOD value was 288 nM. This fluorescent paper-based sensor was used to check the freshness of chicken breast refrigerated at 4 °C, revealed observable shifts from blue to green. The fluorescent paper-based sensor can detect NH3 concentration in real time and simplify the monitoring process of meat freshness while ensuring accuracy and stability.

Open acid dissolution-Ammonia solution extraction-ICP OES rapid determination of 7 trace metal elements in soil.

To overcome the corrosion of hydrofluoric acid on the ICP OES injection system in the acid dissolution system, this paper makes some improvements based on the traditional open digestion. The improved method does not require the complete removal of hydrofluoric acid. After appropriate digestion of the sample with a mixed acid, the solution can be transferred to a colorimetric tube containing ammonium hydroxide solution to give the final volume for analysis. In this paper, two-point standard curves are plotted using soil standards and process blanks, which is not only convenient but also overcomes the interference of the matrix effect. Through continuous experiments, the preferred ratio of mixed acid is 3 mL nitric acid + 5 mL hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of ammonia solution is 0.5%. The spectral lines of the measured elements V (292.4), Cr (283.5), Co (228.6), Ni (231.6), Cu (324.7), Zn (213.8) and Pb (220.3) were determined. The method quantification limits of the seven measured elements V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were 0.909, 4.32, 0.269, 0.261, 0.968, 3.69 and 2.64 μg g-1, respectively, and the precision was 3.5%, 5.2%, 4.8%, 2.4%, 6.1% and 4.5%, respectively. After processing six national standard materials according to the experimental method, the measured values of each measured element were basically in agreement with the certified values, indicating that this method is fully feasible for the measurement of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in soil. This method greatly improves the efficiency of pretreatment and is particularly suitable for analysing large batches of samples.

An innovative method of ammonia use in a light-duty automotive diesel engine to enhance diesel combustion, performance, and emissions

This study investigated the novel method of ammonia use in a light-duty automotive diesel engine. An emulsification technique and ammonia solution are combined and adopted to prepare ammonia solution in diesel emulsion referred to as emulsified diesel-ammonia solution (EDAS) and tested under similar diesel combustion conditions. The ammonia solution concentration in EDAS was fixed as 10% by volume (EDAS10) with 2% v/v of surfactant to avoid excessive ammonia slip, corrosive effects, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) formation. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of presence of hydrogen in EDAS10 on the diesel combustion process under high-pressure multiple injection strategies. Experiments were performed at low, medium, and high loads at the same combustion phasing (CA50) and total energy input as that of diesel to investigate the influence of EDAS10 on combustion, performance, and emissions. The start of injection of EDAS10 and exhaust gas recirculation rate was varied to attain the CA50. The combustion results showed that the EDAS10 blend had increased the heat release rate in the premixed combustion phase with shortened duration and decreased the heat release rate in the diffusion combustion phase compared to neat diesel operation. Double and triple injection of EDAS10 blend also increased the indicated and brake thermal efficiencies by about 4–7% than neat diesel operation. A decrease in 50–67% unburnt emissions, 8–13% decrease in smoke, and 7–19% increase in NO emissions, 2–10% increase in CO2emissions were observed with EDAS10 when compared to diesel operation.

Кинетика растворения триоксида молибдена в щелочной среде

The paper presents experimental study results of the MoO3 powder samples dissolution kinetics in the aqueous ammonia solution at various pH concentrations and values. Molybdenum ions concentration in the filtrate samples was determined spectrophotometrically. Kinetic characteristics were obtained, and kinetic parameters (specific dissolution rate, reaction order with respect to the H+ ion) were calculated. It was established that the dissolution rate was increasing in the ammonia solution concentration range of 0.02--1.26 mol/l, and with the growing pH it passed through the maximum. Taking into account the acid-base equilibria constants, the dissolution process was simulated, and its stage-by-stage nature was established. Fractional reaction order with respect to the H+ ions calculated from the curves plotted in the α--t/t0.5 coordinates (affine transformation method) indicated the adsorption mechanism of dissolution. It was shown that the MoO3 dissolution proceeded with formation of the intermediate adsorption complexes. Due to the HMoO4- low concentration in the MoO3 concentration within the studied pH range by the surface-active particle, on which groups of ions were adsorbed, the MoO4- could be considered. The results obtained are an addition to the data possessed on the molybdenum oxide phase and other transitional metals behavior. They could be applied in the practical applications associated with dissolving molybdenum in the alkaline electrolytes

Ammonia-induced surface microstructure reconstruction on ACIGS thin film at room temperature

The fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells has attracted wide attentions due to its low production cost, high absorption coefficient, and potentially for large-area roll-to-roll process. With the silver doped into CIGS to form (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS), the film quality can be enhanced obviously. However, when the ACIGS film is exposed to air, the sample surface can be oxidized easily and it facilitates the formation of the oxides and hydroxides, especially in the summer, which can deteriorate device performance of solar cells obviously. In this contribution, through ammonia solution, we etch the sample surface and enhance the quality of the heterojunction interface. This treatment not only reduces the oxides and hydroxides on ACIGS surface significantly, but also contributes to the optimization of elements distribution. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that ammonia-treated process can effectively increase the valence band position along with the etching rate of Ga/In–Se > Ag/Cu–Se. The conversion efficiency of the optimum solar cells has a relative increase of about 7.2%. However, high concentration of ammonia solution will etch a lot of Ga–Se and In–Se phases, resulting in many suspension bonds and Ag/Cu–Se phases remaining on the film surface and deteriorating the device performance of solar cells. This work focuses on revealing the etching mechanism of ammonia solution on the ACIGS film surface.

Application of AgNPs/rGO Modified Nylon Fabric in Strain Sensing

The graphene oxide slurry was printed on the pre-stretched and non-pre-stretched nylon fabric by screen printing, and immersed in silver ammonia solution of different concentrations, and then reduced to obtain silver nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs/rGO) modified nylon fabric with excellent conductivity. The surface morphology of the fabric was observed, and the performances of the fabric sensor that was scraped with graphene oxide slurry between the pre-stretched and non-pre-stretched states were explored. The resistance responses of the nylon fabric finished with different concentrations of silver ammonia solution under different strains (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were investigated. The results showed that the nylon strain sensor was more sensitive and stable when the graphene oxide slurry was scraped in the pre-stretched state, and while the silver ammonia solution concentration was 10 mg/mL, the nylon fabric had maximum sensitivity and lowest hysteresis performance.

A facile cooling strategy for the preparation of silica nanoparticles with rough surface utilizing a modified Stöber system

The well-known Stöber method has been widely used to synthesize dense silica particles with smooth surface, however, the preparation of silica nanoparticles with rough surface (RS-SiO 2 NPs) based on Stöber system via a facile one-pot method has not been achieved. Herein, a modified Stöber system (i.e., a specific ternary tetraethyloxysilane (TEOS)/ethanol (EtOH)-water (H 2 O) with a precise molar ratio of 1: 45.8: 124) is used to prepare the primary SiO 2 NPs with low-condensed silica shell (LCSS) and unreacted TEOS. Subsequently, via a simple one-step cooling treatment, the RS-SiO 2 NPs with spherical morphology (177 nm), large specific surface area (85 m 2 g −1 ) and controllable density were successfully prepared. Various experimental conditions, such as pre-reaction time (reaction time of primary SiO 2 NPs at room temperature before cooling treatment), cooling temperature (cooling treatment temperature) and ammonia solution concentration were studied. The results show that the migration rate of the unreacted TEOS in the primary SiO 2 NPs plays an important role in the formation of RS-SiO 2 NPs. This paper also provides us with a new idea to further understand the formation mechanism of SiO 2 particles by the Stöber method. The RS-SiO 2 NPs loaded with gold nanoparticles can effectively reduce 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.

Effect of NH3 Alkalization and MgO Promotion on the Performance of Ni/SBA-15 Catalyst in Combined Steam and Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane

In this work, 31.4 wt.% Ni/SBA-15 (Ni/SBA-15) nonpromoted and alkalized with ammonia solution and by MgO promoter catalysts were prepared and used for combined steam and CO2 reforming of CH4 (bireforming). Effect of concentration of ammonia solution (NH3(aq)) (10–25 vol.%) and Mg content (3–12 wt.%) on the properties of the Ni/SBA-15 catalysts was investigated by low-angle and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-BET isothermal adsorption, SEM, TEM, EDS mapping, H2-TPR, and CO2-TPD methods. The performance of the catalysts in bireforming was assessed in the temperature range of 550–800°C. The enhancement of dispersion of NiO particles, reducibility, and basicity of alkalized Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were responsible for improving the catalytic performance of this catalyst. The results revealed that the Ni/SBA-15 treated with 15-25% NH3(aq) solution and promoted with 3-9% Mg exhibited high activity for CH4 conversion. Meanwhile, Ni6Mg/SBA-15 showed the highest CO2 conversion. Among tested catalysts, Ni/SBA-15-20NH3 and Ni9Mg/SBA-15 samples had an almost equal activity with a CH4 conversion of nearly 97% and a CO2 conversion of about 84% at 700°C thanks to its moderate affinity with both CO2 and CH4. However, the H2/CO ratio of the product mixture remained at 2.02 on the Ni/SBA-15-20NH3 catalyst and almost 1 on the Ni9Mg/SBA-15 sample. These results might be related to the fact that the alkalization of the Ni/SBA-15 catalyst by NH3(aq) solution had an advantage over using MgO because side reactions were unlikely to occur.

Preparation of hollow nanoparticles with controllable diameter by one-step controlled etching of microporous silica particles using an ammonia-based etchant

Hollow silica particles with spherical morphology and controllable diameter (100–250 nm) were successfully prepared by one-step etching process using an ammonia-based etchant under mild etching conditions. First, microporous silica particles with a low degree of condensation were synthesized by modified Stöber method using low concentration of ammonia solution. Then, the microporous silica particles were coated with polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDDA). The PDDA-coated particles were treated with an aqueous ammonia solution to obtain hollow silica nanospheres. In this study, the condensation degree of silica particles, PDDA concentration, ammonia etchant concentration, and etching temperature were found to have significant impact on the morphology of hollow silica nanoparticles. Adsorption studies showed that the hollow silica particles could be efficiently used for the immobilization of bovine serum albumin.

Effects of liquid digestate pretreatment on biogas production for anaerobic digestion of wheat straw

In this study, the effects of liquid digestate pretreatment of wheat straw on its biogas production efficiency and anaerobic digestion were investigated using a laboratory-scale biochemical methane potential test. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the changes in main compositions and physico-chemical structure of wheat straw after different pretreatment durations (3 days, 5 days, and 7 days). The results evidenced that liquid digestate pretreatment can dissolve the lignocellulosic structure, which positively promoted anaerobic biogas production. Liquid digestate pretreatment achieved a satisfactory anaerobic digestion efficiency with wheat straw as the substrate. Furthermore, the production of biogas and methane were also found to increase after pretreatment. Thus, it was concluded that a duration of 5-day liquid digestate pretreatment was optimal as it yielded 39.76% more biogas production, and 49.58% more biomethane yield, in 35.71% shorter digestion time (T80) as compared to raw wheat straw. The modified Gompertz model was able to explain the kinetic behavior during anaerobic digestion of wheat straw. Based on the aforementioned experimental observations, a comparison between effects of equivalent NH4+-N concentration of ammonia solution and liquid digestate pretreatment was conducted, which indicated that ammonolysis played crucial role in the enhancement of biogas production process by pretreated liquid digestate.

Facial synthesis of a novel Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterostructure with highly efficient photoactivity

AbstractA novel Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterostructure was synthesized by a facial etching method in ammonia solution using Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4 as a self‐sacrifice precursor. With the concentration of ammonia solution increasing from 0.05 to 0.2 M, phase transformation took place, described as: Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4 → Ag2VO2PO4/Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 → Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4. Compared with pristine Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4, the etched samples of Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 and Ag2VO2PO4/Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 exhibited dramatically improved activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and imidacloprid under visible light irradiation. When etched with 0.15 M ammonia solution, an Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterostructure was obtained that exhibited the highest photoactivity. This photocatalyst was nearly 9.1, 3.0, and 24.3 times more efficient than pristine Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4 for degradation of MB, MO and imidacloprid, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the as‐obtained well‐defined Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterojunction, which improves the separation and transfer efficiency and prolongs the lifetime of photoinduced charges. In addition, the stability and dominant radicals were investigated.

Extraction and stripping behavior of hydrochloric acid from aqueous solution by Cyanex 923/TEHA and its mixtures

ABSTRACTSolvent extraction of HCl from aqueous solution has been investigated by Cyanex 923/TEHA and its mixtures. TEHA showed better performance than Cyanex 923 for the extraction of HCl. The mixture of Cyanex 923/TEHA with amines/neutral extractants had a negligible effect on both extraction and stripping of HCl. Addition of sodium salts such as NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 to the aqueous solution improved the extraction efficiency of HCl by Cyanex 923/TEHA through the salting out effect. However, it was difficult to strip HCl from the loaded Cyanex 923/TEHA by distilled water. Complete stripping of HCl from the loaded organic phase was carried out by employing a low concentration of ammonia solution.

Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Sensor Amonia Berbasis Bending Fiber Optic

This research was approved optical fiber bending sensors with good characterization and variations in the concentration of ammonia solution. This research uses experimental methods in the laboratory. The technique was done by stripping multimode optical fibers (cladding measuring 125 μm and core 62 μm) which is exfoliated cladding then replaced by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and bending with the combustion process. The concentration of ammonia solution used in this research varies from 1-10%. Measurement of fiber optic sensors using optical power meter (OPM) with a wavelength of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, and light source (LS) at a frequency of 0 Hz, 270 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz. The result showed that ammonia solution caused instability in light intensity. However, the higher the frequency of light. The lower of the intensity with the difference in intensity produced is very small. Keywords : ammonia, bending, cladding, optical fiber, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

A novel method for the synthesis of Ag3VO4/Ag2VO2PO4 heterojunction photocatalysts with improved visible-light photocatalytic properties

Abstract Ag3VO4/Ag2VO2PO4 heterostructure with highly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity were synthesized by using Ag2VO2PO4 as the sacrificed template in different concentration of ammonia solution. Their crystalline structure, morphology, optical, and electrochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The photocatalytic degradation activities of as-prepared samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and imidacloprid in the aqueous phase. Compared with bare Ag2VO2PO4, the etched samples Ag3VO4/Ag2VO2PO4 exhibit the significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The Ag3VO4/Ag2VO2PO4 with 0.15 M etched sample exhibits the highest activity, which are nearly 3.8, 8.6 and 9 times higher than bare Ag2VO2PO4 for removal of MB, MO and imidacloprid, respectively. The improved photocatalytic performance of Ag3VO4/Ag2VO2PO4 can be attributed to the formation of Ag2VO2PO4/Ag3VO4 heterojunction, which suppresses the recombination of photoinduced charges and prolongs the lifetime of the charges. Moreover, the photostability and dominant active species were investigated.

Study of the adiabatic absorption process in polymeric hollow fiber membranes for ammonia/water absorption refrigeration systems

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the adiabatic absorption process of ammonia into an ammonia/water solution using a polymeric hollow fiber membrane module (Liqui-Cel G501 2.5x8 Extra-Flow) as a contactor. An experimental test bench was designed and built and the effect of the subcooling conditions of the inlet solution and the mass flow rate on the ammonia absorption flux was studied. The experimental conditions were those of an absorber and a resorber in an absorption-resorption refrigeration system but in this case working under adiabatic conditions. A two-dimensional model was also developed and validated with the experimental results and two case studies were made at different solution mass flow rates to determine the evolution of the ammonia solution concentration, ammonia absorption rate, bulk solution temperature, gas temperature and solution subcooling throughout the hollow fiber membrane module. The two-dimensional model enables us to study the evolution of the main operation parameters in the axial and radial direction of the membrane module. Agreement was very good between the model predictions and the experimental measurements of the ammonia absorption rate (J) and the temperature of the solution at the outlet of the membrane module. The Mean Absolute Error of the model predictions with respect to the experimental data was ±3·10−5 kg/m2 s and ± 0.3 °C, respectively. The model opens up the possibility of designing enhanced absorbers for the ammonia/water absorption refrigeration cycle.

리튬이차전지 양극활물질의 암모니아 침출액에서 공침법에 의한 활물질 전구체의 합성에 대한 암모니아 농도의 영향

Abstract In a recycling scheme of spent lithium ion batteries, a co-precipitation process for the re-synthesis of precursor is essentialafter the leaching of lithium ion battery scraps. In this study, the effect of ammonia as impurity during the co-precipitation pro-cess was investigated in order to re-synthesize a precursor of Ni-rich cathode active material Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM 622). Asammonia concentration increases from 1 M (the optimum condition for synthesis of the precursors based on 2 M of metal saltsolution) to 4 M, the composition of obtained precursors deviates from the designed composition, most notably for Ni. The Nico-precipitation efficiency gradually decreases from 100% to 87% when the concentration of ammonia solution increases from1 M to 4 M. Meanwhile, the morphological properties of the obtained precursors such as sphericity, homogeneity and size dis-tribution of particles were also investigated.Key words : recycling, lithium ion battery, NCM, ammonia, co-precipitation · Received : June 5, 2015 · 1st Revised : July 1, 2015 · 2nd Revised : October 1, 2015 · Accepted : October 19, 2015Corresponding Author : Kyungjung Kwon (E-mail : kjkwon@sejong.ac.kr)Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, KoreaⓒThe Korean Institute of Resources Recycling. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the termsof the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permitsunrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PVP-assisted synthesis of raspberry-like composite particles

Composite particles composed of SiO2 nanoparticles and polystyrene (PS) spheres with a raspberry-like structure were successfully synthesized by a PVP-assistant sol–gel method. The as-prepared products were systemically characterized by FT-IR, TGA, SEM and TEM. The characterization results indicated that the amount of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and concentration of ammonia solution played key roles in tailoring the structure of the composite particles, including size and surface density of SiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of PS spheres. During the PVP-assisted sol–gel process, the synthesized nano-sized SiO2 particles were favorably deposited on the surface of PS spheres to form hierarchical composite particles. By adjusting the amount of PVP and pH value of reaction system, the typical raspberry-like particles with controllable coverage of SiO2 nanoparticles on PS spheres were obtained. Subsequently, the composite particles with well controllable morphology were modified with OcTMS and orderly deposited on the substrate. The effect of the composite particles with different morphologies on the wetting property was investigated. Finally, superhydrophobic surface was generated and the water contact angle was up to 154°. PS–SiO2 composite particles with hierarchical structure were successfully prepared by a PVP-assisted sol–gel method, which exhibited a superhydrophobic property after surface modification with OcTMS.

3D TiO2@Ni(OH)2 Core-shell Arrays with Tunable Nanostructure for Hybrid Supercapacitor Application.

Three dimensional hierarchical nanostructures have attracted great attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. In this work, self-supported TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire arrays are prepared on carbon fiber paper via the combination of hydrothermal synthesis and chemical bath deposition. In this core-shell hybrid, the morphology and wall size of the interconnected nanoflake shell of Ni(OH)2 can be tuned through adjusting the concentration of ammonia solution. Heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent oriented crystal growth are identified to be the synthesis mechanism affecting the nanostructure of the shell material, which consequently determines the electrochemical performance in both energy storage and charge transfer. Superior capabilities of 264 mAhg−1 at 1 A g−1 and 178 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 are achieved with the core-shell hybrids of the optimized structure. The asymmetric supercapacitor prototype, comprising of TiO2@Ni(OH)2 as the anode and mesoporous carbons (MCs) as the cathode, is shown to exhibit superior electrochemical performance with high energy and power densities. The present work provides a clear illustration of the structure-property relationship in nanocrystal synthesis and offers a potential strategy to enhance the battery type Ni(OH)2 electrode in a hybrid supercapacitor device.

Calcium Carbonate Production through Direct Mineral Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Mineral carbon dioxide sequestration provides a leakage free and permanent method of CO2 disposal to produce environmentally benign and stable solid carbonates. FGD gypsum as a source of calcium was proposed as the potential feedstock in this study. The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate the effects of reaction parameters such as CO2 pressure, reaction temperature, particle size, and ammonia solution concentration on calcium carbonate purity through Merseburg process. Increasing the reaction temperature as well as the pressure was very effective in improving the calcium carbonate purity. High purity calcium carbonate was produced when reaction temperature and CO2 was increased to 400 °C and 70 bar, resulting in 93% and 94% purity, respectively. Experimental results showed that reducing particle size was also effective in enhancing the calcium carbonate purity in which the smallest particles produced higher purity calcium carbonates rather than larger particles. The role of ammonia solution on calcium carbonate purity was found to be beneficial in improving the calcium carbonate purity in which increasing the ammonia solution increased calcium carbonate purity significantly in all experiments.

Study of a new complex method for extraction of phenolic compounds from bio-oils

This paper reports a new extraction method on phenolic compounds separation from bio-oil. Through adding appropriate amount of calcium hydroxide into the bio-oil, using ammonia solution to adjust pH>7 of the bio-oil, the complex was gradually generated in the bio-oil. Then the complex is filtered, and further dissolved by hydrochloric acid. High purity phenolic compounds collected from the dissolving solution are considered as crude products. In order to investigate the mechanism of the phenolic compounds extraction, a model bio-oil was prepared. In the process of phenol extraction from the model bio-oil, the complex formed was characterized by FT-IR and the phenols collected were detected by GC/MS. The results demonstrated that a complex formed instead of a salt of calcium guaiacol in the extraction process. Parameters investigated were the concentration of ammonia solution (1–6mol/L), reaction temperature (20–70°C) and reaction time (5–35min). On the basis of the model bio-oil test, 4mol/L of ammonia solution, 40°C of the reaction temperature, and 20min of the reaction time were chosen as optimum reaction conditions. Testing of these conditions for 40g of the crude bio-oil showed that the complex method extracted 2.9g of phenolic compounds with the purity of 93.07%. Meanwhile, the whole extraction process does not discharge pollutants into the surrounding environment.