American Roentgen Ray Society Research Articles

Radiologist and Radiology Practice Wellbeing: A Report of the 2023 ARRS Wellness Summit

In April 2023, the first American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) Wellness Summit was held in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Summit was a communal call to action bringing together professionals from the field of radiology to critically review our current state of wellness and reimagine the role of radiology and radiologists to further wellbeing. The in-person and virtual Summit was available free-of-cost to all meeting registrants and included 12 sessions with 44 invited moderators and panelists. The Summit aimed to move beyond simply rehashing the repeated issues and offering theoretical solutions, and instead focus on intentional practice evolution, identifying implementable strategies so that we as a field can start to walk our wellness talk. Here, we first summarize the thematic discussions from the 2023 ARRS Wellness Summit, and second, share several strategic action items that emerged.

Invited Commentary: From Unacceptable to Intolerable

Invited Commentary: From Unacceptable to Intolerable

Career Research Performance Among Radiology Early Career Grant Recipients Compared With National Institutes of Health K Award Recipients

ObjectiveTo compare academic and demographic metrics among recipients of three major early career radiology, interventional radiology, and radiation oncology grants to National Institutes of Health (NIH) K awardees at the time the grants were awarded and then over the course of their careers. MethodsRadiologists who received the RSNA Research Scholar Grant, General Electric Radiology Research Academic Fellowship (GERRAF), American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) Scholar Award, or NIH Career Development (K) Award before January 1, 2015, were included. Research metrics at the time of grant award (eg, publications) and subsequent scholarly productivity (eg, academic rank, h-index, NIH funding) were recorded until April 2020. Wilcoxon ranked-sum, χ2, logistic regression, and standard least-square regression were used for data analysis. ResultsThere were 279 recipients: 48 K Award, 115 RSNA Research Scholar Grant, 36 ARRS, and 80 GERRAF. At the time of grant awarding, GERRAF recipients were less likely to have an MD-PhD degree (odds ratio [OR]: 0.36; P = .002) and were more likely to be women (OR: 1.55; P = .042) than K Award recipients. Similarly, recipients of the ARRS (OR: 2.87; P = .010) and GERRAF (OR: 3.19; P = .002) were more likely to have a master’s degree. Academic rank, leadership positions, and R01 funding were significant predictors of h-index and total publications over time. Academic rank and the GERRAF were significant predictors of subsequent NIH funding duration but there were no significant predictors of NIH funding amount. ConclusionsEarly career radiology awards, specifically the GERRAF, provide support for female and non-PhD investigators and result in comparable academic performance metrics to NIH K Award recipients.

Representation of women among leadership and honorees within the Society of Abdominal Radiology, past and present.

To evaluate gender diversity over time within the leadership and honorees of the Society of Abdominal Radiology with comparison to other radiologic societies. This was a retrospective, observational study of the gender distribution of presidents and gold meal awardees within the Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) compared to three national radiology organizations: the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS), and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Data were collected from the inception of each society through 2020. Societies were directly contacted for president and Gold Medal awardee names when this information was not available on society websites. Differences in the proportion of female presidents and Gold Medal awardees before and after 2012, by society, were performed using χ2 test; 2012 was selected as a threshold year as this represented when SAR was created. The proportion of female past presidents was 5%, 9%, and 33% for the SGR, SUR, and SAR, respectively, and 5%, 4%, and 7% for the ACR, ARRS, and RSNA, respectively. The proportion of female Gold Medal awardees was 5%, 4%, and 10% for the SGR, SUR, and SAR, respectively, and 5%, 7%, and 7%, respectively, for ACR, ARRS, and RSNA. There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of women presidents and honorees in all societies after 2012 compared to before 2012, but no significant difference between societies in either time period. A higher proportion of female presidents and honorees were demonstrated across all societies after 2012.

Mary C. Mahoney, MD, President, Radiological Society of North America, 2021.

Mary C. Mahoney, MD, President, Radiological Society of North America, 2021.

Gender Variation in Invited Presenters at Two National Radiology Specialty Meetings

Rationale and ObjectivesTo assess gender balance amongst invited speakers at 2 national radiology conferences over the past decade. Materials and MethodsThe 2009, 2014, and 2019 Association of University Radiologists (AUR) and American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) conference programs were evaluated for the number and gender of invited speakers, as well as various presentation characteristics. Gender balance was stratified across conferences and years. ResultsThe final analysis included 1657 invited speakers and 45, 602 minutes of presentation. AUR showed a nonsignificant increase in the percent of presentations by women from 42.2% to 46.5% and in the percent of distinct female presenters from 41.6% to 46.0%. For ARRS, percentage of female presenters varied minimally from 36.1% to 38.2%. In AUR 2009, female presenters spoke on average 5.7min less than men (P= 0.042) and 6.5% of women gave lectures over 30 minutes vs 22.2% of men (P = 0.032). Subsequent AUR and ARRS conferences did not demonstrate presentation length disparities. For AUR, no keynote female speaker was identified. For ARRS, there was no significant difference in percentage of keynote speakers based on gender (P ≥0.516). A disproportionately high percentage of presentations before 8am (44.4%-66.7%) were by women. ConclusionFemale representation was greater than among the overall radiology workforce, highlighting a role of national societies in promoting female radiologists. Nonetheless, such representation is confounded by disproportionate underrepresentation in visibility of invited talks. While improvement in some presentation measures were observed, continued efforts are warranted to promote equal opportunities for female radiologists at national conferences.

Is a Picture Really Worth More than a Thousand Words? Which Instagram Post Types Elicit the Best Response for Radiology Education.

Since its 2010 launch, Instagram has rapidly risen to become one of the leading social media in the world, with more than one billion monthly users. Within the field of radiology, perhaps because of the image-weighted nature of the platform, several prominent organizations host Instagram accounts, including the Radiological Society of North America, American Roentgen Ray Society, American College of Radiology, and the American Board of Radiology. We started our own Instagram account in January 2016 because of the popularity of this social media platform among medical students. Our website contains over 260,000 images and is aimed at educating physicians, technologists, and nurses around the world on radiology, with an emphasis on body computed tomography. Given our varied selection of radiology resources, we were curious as to which posts perform best on Instagram and set out how to best characterize the interest in these posts. Our results point to an approach that can aid radiology educators who use social media, particularly Instagram, in producing popular content.

Radiology Editorial Board: Changes for 2019

<i>Radiology</i> Editorial Board: Changes for 2019

William R. Eyler, MD

HomeRadiologyVol. 290, No. 3 Previous CommunicationsFree AccessIn MemoriamWilliam R. Eyler, MDGordon H. Beute, David L. SpizarnyGordon H. Beute, David L. SpizarnyGordon H. BeuteDavid L. SpizarnyPublished Online:Jan 15 2019https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019184024MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In William R. Eyler, MD 1918–2018Download as PowerPointOpen in Image Viewer Dr William R. Eyler, radiology department chairman, died at home in Beverly Hills, Mich, on December 5, 2018, at age 100 years.Dr Eyler was born on April 13, 1918, in Van Wert, Ohio. When he was 3 months old, his father died in World War I. By scoring first on an Ohio physics exam, Dr Eyler was awarded a scholarship to Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass) where he lettered in basketball and swimming, earned a BA degree, and married Freda Warner, a chemistry major who attended Radcliffe College (Cambridge, Mass). After graduating from Harvard Medical School in 1943, Dr Eyler served in the Army Medical Corps in England, France, and occupied Germany. His radiology residency was followed by appointments at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, Mass) and the University of Illinois (Champaign, Ill).In 1953, Dr Eyler joined the Henry Ford Hospital (HFH; Detroit, Mich), which is where he spent the rest of his professional life. He was chairman of the Department of Radiology from 1955 to 1983; editor of Radiology from 1966 to 1985; founder of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Index to Imaging; and a recipient of gold medals from the RSNA, the American Roentgen Ray Society, and the American College of Radiology. He published over 100 articles and editorials. In 2005, the RSNA created the William R. Eyler Editorial Fellowship in his honor.Dr Eyler was a dedicated and respected teacher for over 65 years. A voracious reader and lifelong learner, he happily discussed quantum mechanics, preventive cardiology, current events, and a lawn’s best grass mix. At age 97 years, when asked what he was doing in his HFH office, he replied, “I’m working on a paper with a resident.”His children have fond memories of trips to the RSNA Annual Meeting in Chicago (Ill), sightseeing trips, and adventures abroad. Decades of hiking fostered affection for the Adirondacks (NY).He is survived by his four children, Lee, Ross, Steven, and Evan; six grandchildren; and five great-grandchildren.Article HistoryPublished online: Jan 15 2019Published in print: Mar 2019 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByRadiopaedia.orgDanielBell2017Recommended Articles David C. Levin, MDRadiology2020Volume: 295Issue: 1pp. 251-252RSNA Committee on International Radiology Education: 25 Years of Global Education OutreachRadioGraphics2020Volume: 40Issue: 7pp. 1938-1952A. Everette James, Jr, MDRadiology2017Volume: 285Issue: 2pp. 696Alexander R. Margulis, MDRadiology2018Volume: 289Issue: 3pp. 884Melvyn T. Korobkin, MDRadiology2017Volume: 284Issue: 2pp. 614See More RSNA Education Exhibits Swallowing Abnormalities Associated with Stroke: Correlation Between Location of Lesions, Swallowing Patterns, and Therapeutic RecommendationsDigital Posters2018Nuclear Medicine Myocardial Perfusion Studies: A Glance Beyond Coronary AbnormalitiesDigital Posters2018Quality Assurance for Crowdsource Annotation of the Chest X-ray 14 Dataset for the RSNA-STR Machine Learning Challenge: How We Did ItDigital Posters2018 RSNA Case Collection IntussusceptionRSNA Case Collection2021Testicular SarcoidosisRSNA Case Collection2021Neurofibromatosis type 1RSNA Case Collection2021 Vol. 290, No. 3 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

Valerie P. Jackson, MD, President, Radiological Society of North America, 2019.

Valerie P. Jackson, MD, President, Radiological Society of North America, 2019.

William G. Bradley, Jr, MD, PhD, FACR (1942-2017).

William G. Bradley, Jr, MD, PhD, FACR (1942-2017).

Retracted Publications Within Journals: Further Causes for Concern.

AJR 2016; 207:W6 0361–803X/16/2071–W6 © American Roentgen Ray Society Retracted Publications Within Journals: Further Causes for Concern We read with interest the recent article by Rosenkrantz [1] on retracted publications within radiology journals, in which the author concludes that “retraction represents an uncommon, yet potentially increasing, issue within radiology journals that publishers have inconsistently and insufficiently addressed” [1]. Aside from the practical process of retraction that journals perform when misconduct is detected, additional actions subsequent to the actual retraction are necessary. Routinely, journals contact the institution or institutions of the authors of the article to report the misconduct and retraction [2]. Some journals may sanction authors and report the problem to the World Association of Medical Editors. Although corrective and punitive measures are an important part of the process, preventive action is critical [3]. Finally, as Rosenkrantz noted, preventing citation of the retracted articles by authors who are unaware of the retraction is an important issue that needs to be addressed. A novel approach to this problem recently suggested by Cosentino and Verissimo [4] warrants attention. Beuy Joob Sanitation 1 Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand Viroj Wiwanitkit Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China; Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Nigeria

Reply to "Quantitative MRI of the Thymus: Chemical-Shift Ratio, Signal Intensity Index, and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value".

AJR 2016; 206:W98 0361–803X/16/2066–W98 © American Roentgen Ray Society Reply to “Quantitative MRI of the Thymus: Chemical-Shift Ratio, Signal Intensity Index, and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value” My coauthors and I are grateful to Dr. Karabulut for his interest in our Structured Review article titled “Pitfalls in the Imaging and Interpretation of Benign Thymic Lesions: How Thymic MRI Can Help” [1] and his excellent comments. We agree with most of the comments and would like to add the following. First, Dr. Karabulut is correct that the initially electronically published article very unfortunately had a mistyped equation for the calculation of the chemical-shift ratio (CSR), with the denominators exchanged. This error was rapidly discovered and corrected within a few days, so the CSR equation is now correctly displayed as follows:

Is It Time for a Nonionizing Radiation Technique for Biopsy of Anterior Mediastinal Masses?

AJR 2016; 206:W95 0361–803X/16/2066–W95 © American Roentgen Ray Society Is It Time for a Nonionizing Radiation Technique for Biopsy of Anterior Mediastinal Masses? We read with interest the recent article by Petranovic et al. [1] that examined the diagnostic accuracy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses (AMMs). The authors showed that this technique is feasible, accurate, and safe and has a high overall diagnostic yield of 77%. We are extremely convinced that rapid and correct diagnosis of AMMs is the key process in therapeutic decision making and that an adequate histologic specimen is fundamental for determining the correct choice of treatment. Most AMMs are nonsurgical tumors, such as lymphoma, whereas surgical tumors, such as thymomas, are rare. Therefore, a noninvasive diagnostic technique that provides adequate histologic specimens, allows rapid diagnosis, and avoids the need for unhelpful and more invasive procedures is welcome. Garnon et al. [2] recently published a study in which they evaluated the diagnostic yield and accuracy associated with the use of MRI-guided percutaneous biopsy for AMMs. Their study and the study by Petranovic et al. [1] both show that the MRI-guided approach and the CT-guided technique are feasible, accurate, and safe. What about associated cost and exposure to ionizing radiation? In our clinical practice, we recently introduced an ultrasound-guided minimally invasive diagnostic technique for performing percutaneous biopsy of AMMs with the use of a single-size full-core end-cut needle. This technique appears to be safe, is quite easy to use, may avoid the need for the use of a more invasive diagnostic procedure, and eliminate ionizing radiation exposure for patients and operators. Our initial data appear to be comparable with the data on the more invasive and more expensive ionizing diagnostic techniques reported in previous articles. In our limited experience, use of this ultrasound-guided minimally invasive diagnostic technique when performing percutaneous biopsy of AMMs drastically reduced the number of mediastinoscopies, videothoracoscopies, and anterior mediastinotomies performed, and the technique may offer a valid and safe alternative to CT-guided biopsy that does not involve ionizing radiation. Bartolomeo Lorenzati Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza Cuneo, Italy Riccardo Cristofori Elio Rolfo, Citta della Salute e delle Scienze, Torino, Italy

Retraction Note: Measurement of image quality in CT images reconstructed with different kernels

The Editorial Board of Journal of the Korean Physical Society have decided to retract the above referenced article for reasons of plagiarism. Following notification by the American Roentgen Ray Society, publisher of the American Journal of Roentgenology, an investigation revealed that substantial portions of the text, notably in the Introduction and Conclusion sections, had been plagiarised from the following sources:

How users search and what they search for in the medical domain

The internet is an important source of medical knowledge for everyone, from laypeople to medical professionals. We investigate how these two extremes, in terms of user groups, have distinct needs and exhibit significantly different search behaviour. We make use of query logs in order to study various aspects of these two kinds of users. The logs from America Online, Health on the Net, Turning Research Into Practice and American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) GoldMiner were divided into three sets: (1) laypeople, (2) medical professionals (such as physicians or nurses) searching for health content and (3) users not seeking health advice. Several analyses are made focusing on discovering how users search and what they are most interested in. One possible outcome of our analysis is a classifier to infer user expertise, which was built. We show the results and analyse the feature set used to infer expertise. We conclude that medical experts are more persistent, interacting more with the search engine. Also, our study reveals that, conversely to what is stated in much of the literature, the main focus of users, both laypeople and professionals, is on disease rather than symptoms. The results of this article, especially through the classifier built, could be used to detect specific user groups and then adapt search results to the user group.

Multimodal Diagnostic Imaging for Hyperacute Stroke.

In April 2015, the American Roentgen Ray Society and the American Society of Neuroradiology cosponsored a unique program designed to evaluate the state of the art in the imaging work-up of acute stroke. This topic has grown in importance because of the recent randomized controlled trials demonstrating the clear efficacy of endovascular stroke treatment. The authors, who were participants in that symposium, will highlight the points of emphasis in this article.

Reply to “Viatorr TIPS Endoprosthesis Versus Generic Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene–Covered Stent-Grafts”

AJR 2015; 205:W1 0361–803X/14/2054–W1 © American Roentgen Ray Society Reply to “Viatorr TIPS Endoprosthesis Versus Generic Expanded ­Polytetrafluoroethylene–Covered Stent-Grafts” We agree with Dr. Tsauo and Dr. Li [1] that there is a lack of comparative data on the different types of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)–covered stent-grafts available for use in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures. As they discussed, the Fluency Plus (Bard Peripheral Vascular) ePTFE-covered stent-graft has slightly flared and uncovered 37-mm ends on both sides of the stent-graft. In the United States, the stent-graft is indicated for use in stent-restenotic lesions in arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. In contrast, the Viatorr TIPS Endoprosthesis (W. L. Gore & Associates) has a direct indication for TIPS and contains a 2-cm uncovered bare metal portion that can be deployed along the portal aspect of the shunt. Both are self-expanding stent-grafts. The 1-year primary unassisted patency rate has been reported to be 81% versus 89% for the Fluency Plus and Viatorr TIPS Endoprosthesis stent-grafts, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the major encephalopathy or hemodynamic success rates of TIPS. Saad et al. [2] used a technique in which a bare metal stent was used along the portal end, in combination with a Fluency Plus stent-graft, instead of relying on the short bare metal flared end of the stent-graft. In comparison, the Viatorr TIPS Endoprosthesis is often deployed as a single stent-graft. Thus, future cost-effectiveness studies should address comparisons of technique, including the number of stents and stent-grafts used, and should not simply compare the two stent-grafts alone. Fluency Plus stent-grafts are likely effective for use in TIPS [3] and may have increased efficacy when compared with other polymer stent-grafts [4]. Fluency Plus stentgrafts may represent an alternative in areas where Viatorr TIPS stent-grafts are unavailable; however, the limitations of Fluency Plus, as used in the United States, include absence of an indication for TIPS, lack of comparative data, and uncertain cost-effectiveness. Zachary L. Bercu Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Present address: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA Aaron M. Fischman Robert A. Lookstein Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY DOI:10.2214/AJR.15.14822 WEB—This is a web exclusive article.

Reply to “Association Between Any Histologic Features and Wall Striations”

AJR 2014; 203:W551 0361–803X/14/2035–W551 © American Roentgen Ray Society Reply to “Association Between Any Histologic Features and Wall Striations” We thank Yildiz et al. [1] for their comments and agree with them regarding the risk factors of age, diabetes, and renal and cardiac impairment. These risks have been extensively discussed in the clinical literature as was noted in the first paragraph of the Discussion section of our article [2]. The purposes of our article were first to determine whether gallbladder wall striations in patients with sonographic findings suspicious for acute cholecystitis are associated with gangrenous changes and certain histologic features and second to determine whether the WBC count or other sonographic findings are associated with gangrenous cholecystitis. We agree that gangrenous changes can develop in patients with acalculous cholecystitis and that pericholecystic abscess and gallbladder wall perforation are also findings of gangrenous cholecystitis. We wrote such an article several years ago [3]. Please refer to the Other Sonographic and Clinical Findings and Pathology Diagnoses heading under the Results section in that article. We state that the fluid collections that were visualized in our study were simple and crescentshaped and not complex. Additionally, in the Discussion section, we state that although all of our pericholecystic fluid collections were simple, anechoic, and crescent-shaped, complex pericholecystic fluid collections are indicative of perforation and are frequently associated with gangrenous changes [3]. Finally, regarding the comment that we did not state the association between coagulative necrosis and gangrenous cholecystitis, in the Materials and Methods section under the heading of Sonographic and Clinical Findings, we defined gangrenous cholecystitis as transmural necrosis of the gross specimen [2]. Sharlene A. Teefey Nirvikar Dahiya William D. Middleton Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO

Gastrointestinal tract filling defects in pediatric patients.

© American Roentgen Ray Society D iscrete gastrointestinal filling defects can result from developmental obstructive lesions of the small intestine, neoplastic causes, infectious causes, or foreign body ingestion (Table 1). Many pediatric patients with gastrointestinal filling defects present with symptoms of bowel obstruction, including abdominal pain and distention, vomiting, and obstipation. Radiography is often the initial imaging study, sometimes followed by fluoroscopy, CT, or MRI. The combination of imaging, age of the patient, clinical history, and laboratory data can usually permit substantial narrowing of the differential diagnosis and optimization of patient management.