American Females Research Articles

The role of ethnic enclaves and neighborhood socioeconomic status in invasive breast cancer incidence rates among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander females in California.

Few studies have examined whether the incidence rates of invasive breast cancer among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations differ by the neighborhood social environment. Thus, we examined associations of ethnic enclave and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) with breast cancer incidence rates among AANHPI females in California. A total of 14,738 AANHPI females diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2008-2012 were identified from the California Cancer Registry. AANHPI ethnic enclaves (culturally distinct neighborhoods) and nSES were assessed at the census tract level using 2007-2011 American Community Survey data. Breast cancer age-adjusted incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated for AANHPI ethnic enclave, nSES, and their joint effects. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stage of disease. The incidence rate of breast cancer among AANHPI females living in lowest ethnic enclave neighborhoods (quintile (Q)1) were 1.21 times (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.11, 1.32) that of AANHPI females living highest ethnic enclave neighborhoods (Q5). In addition, AANHPI females living in highest vs. lowest SES neighborhoods had higher incidence rates of breast cancer (Q5 vs. Q1 IRR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.40). The incidence rate of breast cancer among AANHPI females living in low ethnic enclave + high SES neighborhoods was 1.32 times (95% CI 1.25, 1.39) that of AANHPI females living in high ethnic enclave + low SES neighborhoods. Similar patterns of associations were observed for localized and advanced stage disease. For AANHPI females in California, incidence rates of breast cancer differed by nSES, ethnic enclave, when considered independently and jointly. Future studies should examine whether the impact of these neighborhood-level factors on breast cancer incidence rates differ across specific AANHPI ethnic groups and investigate the pathways through which they contribute to breast cancer incidence.

The diagnostic challenge of a Papillary lesion of the breast in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Abstract Introduction/Objective Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with elevated risk of various neoplasms, including breast cancer. The incidence of cancer among PJS patients is estimated to be 15-fold higher than the general population. The spectrum of breast lesions in PJS varies from benign papillomas to invasive carcinomas, presenting significant diagnostic complexities. The case presented here revolves around a unique papillary lesion in a PJS patient. Methods/Case Report A 40-year-old African American female, with PJS presented with a palpable abnormality in the right subareolar region with sanguineous nipple discharge. Multiple prior biopsies revealed intraductal papillomas with no atypia. Imaging showed a 7.0 cm complex solid and cystic subareolar mass, which had increased in size by 42% within a short period. Given the rapid increase in size, malignant transformation was clinically suspected. The patient underwent bilateral mastectomy. Macroscopic examination showed a 9.0 cm tan firm subareolar nodule with solid and cystic components. Histopathology revealed areas consistent with intraductal papilloma, however, additional complexities, including epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations with mild cytologic atypia, squamous, apocrine, and sebaceous metaplasia made the diagnosis challenging. No necrosis or increased mitotic activity was identified. Immunostaining for CK5/6 and p63 highlighted the myoepithelial layer, while estrogen receptor demonstrated heterogeneous positive staining. This picture raised suspicion of adenomyoepithelioma, but there was a significant overlap with intraductal papilloma. A final diagnosis of intraductal papillary neoplasm with epithelial and focal myoepithelial atypia was rendered. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion This case presented a complex diagnostic dilemma. The rapid growth of the lesion, coupled with cytological atypia, raised significant concern necessitating precise differentiation between adenomyoepithelioma and intraductal papilloma. Further research is imperative to explore the pathophysiology of breast lesions in PJS, their impact on surveillance, management, potential for malignancy, and prognosis. Investigating additional diagnostic modalities and molecular markers to aid in accurate differentiation between benign and malignant papillary neoplasms in PJS patients warrants consideration.

African American Females are More Vulnerable to Develop Biliary Injury in NAFLD (Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) Patients – A Single Institute Experience

Abstract Introduction/Objective Chronic alcohol exposure alone may take decades to induce severe liver disease, yet when combined with elements such as the Western diet, liver pathogenesis accelerates, resulting in earlier symptoms. Identifying the specific contributions of alcohol, diet, and other factors to liver disease is challenging, despite the availability of diagnostic tools like patient histories, liver enzyme tests, imaging, and biopsies. Methods/Case Report This study seeks to detail the liver disease profile of patients who underwent liver biopsies in 2022. Comprehensive profiles were created by retrieving liver biopsy specimens and associated diagnostic data from electronic medical records. Two independent pathologists analyzed the biopsy slides, looking for liver damage associated with alcohol consumption and Western diet influences. We employed enhanced staining techniques to better associate specific types of liver damage with demographic variables. The data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism 9 for robust statistical evaluation. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The research included 88 participants—41 males and 47 females, with average ages of 56 and 62 respectively. The predominant diagnosis was fatty liver disease, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) accounting for 26% of cases, and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) making up 10%. The NAFLD/NASH group (n=23) consisted mainly of African Americans (n=15) and Caucasians (n=8). Among these, African Americans showed a significantly greater ductular reaction and portal inflammation (p<0.05). Conversely, no notable differences in portal fibrosis and bile stasis were observed between these groups. Notably, African American females (n=11) demonstrated more severe pathological features compared to Caucasian females (n=6), including elevated levels of ductular reaction, fibrosis, portal inflammation, and bile stasis (p<0.05), suggesting a higher vulnerability to biliary injuries. Conclusion The study highlights the complex interplay between lifestyle factors and liver disease development and emphasizes the need for precise diagnostic strategies that consider these multifactorial influences. Additionally, it reveals ethnic disparities in the pathology of NAFLD, advocating for further research into their causes and implications for clinical management. Future investigations should focus on race and gender-specific factors and adapt local healthcare strategies to effectively manage the escalating burden of liver disease.

Air Pollution and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Recent studies suggested fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increases the risk of breast cancer, but evidence among racially and ethnically diverse populations remains sparse. Among 58,358 California female participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study followed for an average of 19.3 years (1993-2018), we used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine associations of time-varying PM with invasive breast cancer risk (n = 3,524 cases; 70% African American and Latino females), adjusting for sociodemographics and lifestyle factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted for race and ethnicity, hormone receptor status, and breast cancer risk factors. Satellite-based PM2.5 was associated with a statistically significant increased incidence of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 μg/m3, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.51]). We found no evidence of heterogeneity in associations by race and ethnicity and hormone receptor status. Family history of breast cancer showed evidence of heterogeneity in PM2.5-associations (Pheterogeneity = .046). In a meta-analysis of the MEC and 10 other prospective cohorts, breast cancer incidence increased in association with exposure to PM2.5 (HR per 10 μg/m3 increase, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.10]; P = .064). Findings from this large multiethnic cohort with long-term air pollutant exposure and published prospective cohort studies support PM2.5 as a risk factor for breast cancer. As about half of breast cancer cannot be explained by established breast cancer risk factors and incidence is continuing to increase, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, our results highlight that breast cancer prevention should include not only individual-level behavior-centered approaches but also population-wide policies and regulations to curb PM2.5 exposure.

Epidemiological Characteristics Associated with Astigmatism in a Population of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Los Angeles, CA

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the prevalence of astigmatism among the heretofore largest published sample of preschool children and to do so among different age, gender, and racial and ethnic subgroups. Methods This study included data from 79,330 preschoolers (49.0% female, 79.4% Latino, mean age 4.29 ± 0.66 years) who were screened using a Retinomax autorefractor between 2012 and 2017. Cylindrical power and astigmatism defined as 1.50 D or more of cylinder were the dependent variables. Children were stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and gender. T-test and chi-square analyses were performed. Results The average cylinder of the sample was found to be 0.65 ± 0.78 D and 11% of the children were astigmatic. Among all children, these values remain stable from age 3 (0.66 ± 0.76 D, 11.2%) to age 4 (0.66 ± 0.79 D, 11.4%, p = .53), but they decrease significantly from age 4 to age 5 (0.61 ± 0.80 D, 10.%, p < .01). Latinos have the highest average cylinder power and prevalence of astigmatism at 0.68 ± 0.82 D and 12.3%, and unlike most other race/ethnic subgroups, they do not experience an age-dependent decrease in astigmatism. While female and male students have equivalent cylindrical refractions broadly, Asian and African American females have higher levels of astigmatism than their male counterparts. Conclusion The data further demonstrate that Latino children in Los Angeles have significantly higher rates of astigmatism, which does not decrease during preschool years. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive school-based screening, especially among Latino enclaves in Los Angeles.

Abstract A069: Leading causes of death among Asian American individuals compared with Pacific Islander individuals in the United States, 2018-2020

Abstract Background: Asian American and Pacific Islander races are two distinct groups that continue to be aggregated in many large, national mortality statistics in the United States (US), which leads to structural biases encoded into databases and inaccurate health implications that may deprive Pacific Islander individuals from opportunities for interventions aimed at reducing health disparities. Examining mortality rates for disaggregated Asian American and Pacific Islander populations across all 50 states was not possible until 2018. We compared the leading causes of death between Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals in the US during 2018-2020, stratified by sex and age. Methods: Cause of death among non-Hispanic Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals aged ≥20 years who died during 2018-2020 were obtained from the US National Center for Health Statistics. Age-standardized all-cause mortality rates (MRs) and the 5 leading causes of death were reported per 100,000 person-years separately for Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals, by sex (female/male) and age (20-54/55-64/65-74/75- 84 years). MR ratios (MRRs) were calculated by comparing MRs among Pacific Islander with Asian American individuals (reference group), by sex and age. Results: During 2018-2020, 63,338 female and 85,601 male deaths occurred among Asian American adults, and 4,116 female and 5,512 male deaths occurred among Pacific Islander adults. Compared to Asian American individuals, all-cause mortality was higher for Pacific Islander females (MRR=2.50,95%CI=2.43-2.59) and males (MRR=2.10,95%CI=2.04-2.16). Cancer was the leading cause of death for Asian American (MR=93.8) and Pacific Islander females (MR=181.6) and second for Asian American (MR=100.4) and Pacific Islander males (MR=185.2) after heart disease. Death rates for leading causes were substantially higher for Pacific Islander compared to Asian American females: cancer (MRR=1.93,95%CI=1.82-2.06), heart disease (MRR=3.18,95%CI=2.95-3.42), stroke (MRR=2.41,95%CI=2.13-2.73), diabetes (MRR=4.03,95%CI=3.55-4.56), and COVID-19 (MRR=2.60,95%CI=2.25-3.01) and for Pacific Islander compared to Asian American males: heart disease (MRR=2.56,95%CI=2.42-2.71), cancer (MRR=1.52,95%CI=1.42-1.62, diabetes (MRR=3.14,95%CI=2.81-3.50), accidental death (MRR=2.60,95%CI=2.33-2.88), and COVID-19 (MRR=2.04,95%CI=1.82-2.27). The largest relative cancer mortality rate disparity occurred in those aged 20-54 years and declined with older age among women (MRR range=1.37-2.67) and men (MRR range=1.16-2.26). Conclusion: Cancer was among the leading cause of death for both Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals, but cancer mortality rates were twice as high among Pacific Islander women and men compared to Asian American women and men. These disparities persisted among Pacific Islander individuals for nearly all leading causes of death, regardless of sex and age, underscoring the need to disaggregate Pacific Islander from Asian American race data to improve tailored health equity-focused interventions. Citation Format: Jacqueline B. Vo, Jazmyn L Bess, Kekoa Taparra, Paloma R. Mitra, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Neal D. Freedman, Meredith S. Shiels, Jaimie Z. Shing. Leading causes of death among Asian American individuals compared with Pacific Islander individuals in the United States, 2018-2020 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A069.

One must imagine Sisyphus happy: Integrative taxonomic characterization of 22 new Ceroptres species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Ceroptresini)

We describe new species in the genus Ceroptres Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Ceroptresini) represented by voucher material sequenced by Ward et al. (2024). We describe 22 new species, all authored by Nastasi, Smith, &amp; Davis: C. anansii sp. nov., C. anzui sp. nov., C. bruti sp. nov., C. curupira sp. nov., C. daleki sp. nov., C. dandoi sp. nov., C. demerzelae sp. nov., C. iktomii sp. nov., C. jabbai sp. nov., C. jarethi sp. nov., C. lokii sp. nov., C. lupini sp. nov., C. mallowi sp. nov., C. promethei sp. nov., C. sandiegoae sp. nov., C. selinae sp. nov., C. soloi sp. nov., C. songae sp. nov., C. swiperi sp. nov., C. thrymi sp. nov., C. tikoloshei sp. nov., and C. zorroi sp. nov. After our taxonomic treatment, the genus Ceroptres includes 43 species, all but three of which are known from North America. Among our new species are two reared from cecidomyiid midge galls, an association previously recorded but without valid taxonomic association. We provide new records for two additional previously described species; we record C. ensiger (Walsh, 1864) from Pennsylvania and confirm characters for the male, and we record C. lanigerae Ashmead, 1885 from Texas. We also examined several putative species corresponding to either C. cornigera Melika &amp; Buss, 2002 and/or C. frondosae Ashmead, 1896, which we regard as a species complex that requires elucidation in future studies. To enable further studies on Ceroptres, we provide an updated key to North American females. Overall, we find that species of Ceroptres are host specialists associated with a single host gall species or several galls that are phylogenetically or ecologically related. We suggest that there are many North American species of Ceroptres, possibly hundreds, still awaiting collection and characterization.

Beyond the Filter: Tiktok's Role in Shaping Body Image and Self-esteem in Asian and Asian American Girls and Women

This study examines the relationship between TikTok content consumption and body image concerns among Asian and Asian American females, focusing on the influence of cultural beauty standards. The research explores how exposure to TikTok videos featuring attractive influencers affects body image and self-esteem of participants. Participants included 26 Asian and Asian American women, aged 15-43, who completed surveys incorporating the Body Shape Questionnaire and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Results indicated a significant negative relationship between the frequency of TikTok consumption and self-esteem, with increased exposure to influencer content correlating with lower levels of body satisfaction. Qualitative findings also revealed cultural tensions between Western and traditional Asian beauty ideals as key factors in shaping participants' body image concerns. The study results suggest that TikTok may exacerbate body image issues in this demographic, highlighting the need for targeted media literacy programs.

735 - A case series of dupilumab for vitiligo and alopecia areata in the setting of AD

Abstract Introduction/Background Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 subclass and binds to the IL-4R alpha subunit, causing downstream inhibition of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling and thus downregulating the T-helper-2 (Th2) cytokine response.1,2,3 Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2017, dupilumab is FDA-approved to treat atopic dermatitis (moderate-to-severe), asthma (moderate-to-severe), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and eosinophilic ­esophagitis. Vitiligo is a common autoimmune depigmenting skin disorder that is prevalent in 1.38% of US adults, and 2.16% in adolescents in the US, with a range of 0.4-2% in most populations.4,5,6 It occurs when the immune system of the body attacks melanocytes, skin cells, that produce melanin, and has been linked to the Koebner phenomenon which occurs when trauma induces lesions, with events including scratching as would be noted in AD.7 AD has also been linked to Vitiligo, especially in children under the age of 12 years.8,9,10 There are many available therapies for vitiligo, topical, systemic, phototherapy, and surgical types being most commonly used.11,12,13 Objectives To address specific features of AA/ Vitiligo/ AD overlap that would support benefit of dupilumab prescribing. Methods An IRB-exempt review was conducted of patient charts for individuals who received dupilumab who had alopecia areata or vitiligo associated with AD. Results Six patients with AD and alopecia universalis (AU), and one patient with AD, vitiligo, and alopecia areata (AA) were identified for review. The patients treated for AU included a 5 year-old Asian female, a 12 year-old white female, a 14 year-old African American male, A 15 year-old Hispanic female, a 26 year-old African American female, and a 78 year-old Hispanic female. The five year-old regrew hair for 4 months but had rapid loss when forced to discontinue due to insurance reasons. The 12 year-old female who had AU for 8 years and had no regrowth. The 15 year-old, 26 year-old, and 78 year-old had rapid regrowth of hair in addition to AD improvement, however, the 15 year-old required addition of an oral JAK inhibitor to retain hair growth. The vitiligo/AA patient is a 61 year-old female patient who had 50% BSA confetti lesion vitiligo affecting the chest, back, abdomen, arms, and legs. She had rapid disease stabilization (2 months) and at 1 year had 90% facial and 70% extremity repigmentation with dupilumab and topical 1.5% ruxolitinib. The same patient had 40% scalp hair loss which fully resolved upon repigmentation of the scalp. Response was noted rapidly but plateaued at 12 months. Conclusions The overlap of AD with AA and Vitiligo points to a shared pathogenesis of the conditions. One of the likely reasons for this is the Koebner phenomenon, which has been poorly characterized. We hypothesize that the Koebner phenomenon is triggered through an IL-4/ IL-13 mechanism, i.e. for specific individuals IL-4 and IL-13 hyper-reactivity can be a Koebner-based trigger. Additionally, AA overlaps with AD is poorly characterized. However, the linkage has been recognized in recent AAD guidelines addressing AD comorbidities.14 We hypothesize that IL-4/ IL-13 hyper-reactivity in the skin can act similarly in AU. There is in AA an overlap of TH1-CXCL9/10 expression and interferon gamma overexpression in addition to TH2- including IL-13 overexpression.15 Therefore, the blockade of IL-4/ IL-13 may be effective through multiple mechanisms of activity. There is already notable Phase 2a data supporting dupilumab usage in AA.16 Our experience demonstrates sustained hair growth in half of patients treated. AA/ Vitiligo overlap appears to respond well to dupilumab. This is supported by a recent case report demonstrating benefit of dupilumab in programmed cell death inhibitor-1 induced vitiligo with associated refractory pruritus.17 Liu et al have observed in vitro that rising IL-4 levels were linked to increased vitiligo risk.18 On the other hand, some reports of vitiligo after initiating dupilumab therapy do exist, with some new-onset and worsening described. These cases are limited but bear consideration. In our patient, disease stabilization was noted in a generalized confetti-vitiligo patient, but a topical JAK inhibitor was used adjunctively.19,20,21,22,23 Given the need for long-term maintenance, the safety of dupilumab is an attractive feature. Therefore, further exploration of dupilumab therapy for vitiligo/AA/AD, vitiligo/AD/Koebner+, and AU/ AD is needed. This is particularly important to address in patients under the age of 12 years who currently have no approved systemic medications for vitiligo and AU.24 When AU, vitiligo, and combinations of the two are comorbid with AD, there is an expectation of circulating IL-4/13 elevations and localized IL-4/13 elevation that support a potential role for dupilumab therapy in these conditions. Given that AD is associated with vitiligo of childhood, and severe alopecia areata is linked to AD, systemic therapy would be necessary in these individuals.

Factors associated with non-adherence to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry screening during the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic medical center.

This study investigated factors influencing the cancellation of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans among females aged 65 and above during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a dataset of 19,066 females from 2021 to 2023, the research employed chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses to examine demographic, socio-economic, and health-related determinants of DXA scan adherence. Key findings revealed that younger seniors, White patients, married individuals, those with commercial/private or Medicare insurance, and vaccinated persons were more likely to complete DXA scans. In contrast, Asian and African American females, along with those from higher Social Vulnerability Index areas, showed lower completion rates. These results highlight the need for tailored strategies to improve osteoporosis screening adherence, focusing on identified demographic groups to enhance overall healthcare outcomes in osteoporosis management.

A comparative study of respiratory effects of erector spinae plane block versus paravertebral plane block for women undergoing modified radical mastectomy

BackgroundInadequate acute postoperative pain control after modified radical mastectomy (MRM) can compromise pulmonary function. This work aimed to assess the postoperative pulmonary effects of a single-shot thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in female patients undergoing MRM.MethodsThis prospective, randomized comparative trial was conducted on 40 female American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) II-III, aged 18 to 50 years undergoing MRM under general anesthesia (GA). Patients were divided into two equal groups (20 in each group): Group I received ESPB and Group II received TPVB. Each group received a single shot with 20 ml volume of 0.5% bupivacaine.ResultsRespiratory function tests showed a comparable decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) from the baseline in the two groups. Group I had a lower FEV1/FVC ratio than Group II after 6 h. Both groups were comparable regarding duration for the first postoperative analgesic request (P value = 0.088), comparable postoperative analgesic consumption (P value = 0.855), and stable hemodynamics with no reported side effects.ConclusionBoth ultrasound guided ESPB and TPVB appeared to be effective in preserving pulmonary function during the first 24 h after MRM. This is thought to be due to their pain-relieving effects, as evidenced by decreased postoperative analgesic consumption and prolonged time to postoperative analgesic request in both groups.ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT03614091 registration date on 13/7/2018.

Re-mediating The Female American: Collaboration and Situated Knowledges in the Digital Humanities Classroom

ABSTRACT The Female American, published pseudonymously in 1767, has drawn scholarly attention in recent decades as a novel that raises questions about anonymity, gender, authorship, Indigeneity, settler colonialism, and the American literary canon. Yet access to the text has remained limited, dependent on subscription databases and print scholarly editions. In 2022, as part of a graduate seminar on eighteenth-century literature, science, and colonialism, we produced the first open-access digital edition of volume 1; a subset of the class also recorded a public domain audiobook of the full novel. This article presents an account of our process and the connections drawn between these projects and course content, with attention to conversations and tensions that arose as we drafted a land acknowledgment for the edition. Moving beyond the “how we built this” genre common in digital humanities, this article offers a critical reflection on the ways our individual interests, identities, commitments, and institutional embeddedness shaped the knowledge we could cocreate. Our aim is to demonstrate that the benefits of digital pedagogy extend far beyond technical skill-building—especially in graduate education, where digital projects provide an opportunity for emerging scholars to reflect critically on material and social entanglements that conventional humanities workflows often obscure.

Breast cancer recurrence rate after mastectomy in young females.

e12591 Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer worldwide and the most common cause of cancer mortality in women. Surgical treatment of early breast cancer includes lumpectomy or mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Despite the surgeon’s best effort to perform a radical resection of the breast tissue during mastectomy to achieve locoregional control, residual fibroglandular tissue was found in 20% of breasts on postoperative breast MRI, which carries a risk of recurrence. Younger women with breast cancer have inferior survival rates despite receiving more aggressive therapy. Tumors in young women are more likely to be poorly differentiated, hormone receptor-negative, have a high proliferation index, and more lymphovascular invasion, which is partially explained by patients’ genetic profile. Another factor that could contribute to poor outcomes is the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, including larger tumor size and higher rates of axillary lymph node positivity. This knowledge has motivated us to conduct this study that is dedicated to looking at the recurrence rate in young females following mastectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective study that collected data from young female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2010 and August 2018, had an age at diagnosis of 18-45 years old, and underwent unilateral or bilateral mastectomy with or without reconstruction. The study also looked at the patient’s risk factors and genetic profile. Results: A total of 115 patients were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer between January 2010 and August 2018 and underwent mastectomy. 81.74% were Caucasian females, and 8.7% were African American females. The mean age of diagnosis was 36.9 years. The mean BMI was 30.5 kg/m2. 59.13% of patients had a family history of breast cancer. The most common genetic mutations were BRCA1 at 7.83% and BRCA2 at 8.7%. 71% of patients underwent a bilateral mastectomy. 76% of patients had reconstruction. 77% of tumors were ER-positive, 68% PR-positive, and 26% HER2-positive. 49.4% of tumors were Nottingham grade 3. 52% of patients had no nodal involvement, while 35% had N1 disease. 34.6% had lymphovascular invasion. We found that 18/115 patients had recurrence of breast cancer following mastectomy. 5/17 patients had locoregional recurrence, while 12/17 patients had a distant recurrence; 1 patient’s recurrence data was unavailable. The median time to recurrence was 1147.5 days (335 to 3107). The 5-year recurrence free survival rate is 86% ± 3%. Conclusions: Our study found that 15.65% of young females had recurrence after mastectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first dedicated study to look at the recurrence rate after mastectomy in this young, high-risk patient population. Our study aims to encourage larger studies in young females with breast cancer to help tailor the treatment plan in this population.

Unconventional life history in a migratory shorebird: desegregating reproduction and migration.

Conventional life-history theory predicts that energy-demanding events such as reproduction and migration must be temporally segregated to avoid resource limitation. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence of 'itinerant breeding' in a migratory bird, an incredibly rare breeding strategy (less than 0.1% of extant bird species) that involves the temporal overlap of migratory and reproductive periods of the annual cycle. Based on GPS-tracking of over 200 female American woodcock, most female woodcock (greater than 80%) nested more than once (some up to six times) with short re-nest intervals, and females moved northwards on average 800 km between first and second nests, and then smaller distances (ca 200+ km) between subsequent nesting attempts. Reliance on ephemeral habitat for breeding, ground-nesting and key aspects of life history that reduce both the costs of reproduction and migration probably explain the prevalence of this rare phenotype in woodcock and why itinerant breeding so rarely occurs in other bird species.

Personal identification using frontal sinus coding methods: The effect of mixed image modality comparisons.

Several code-based methods have been created for comparing the frontal sinus in skeletal identification scenarios. However, little is known regarding matched-pair accuracy rates of these methods or how varying image modalities may affect these rates. The goals of this study were to validate the exclusion rates and to establish matched-pair accuracy rates of two well-cited coding methods, Cameriere etal. [23] and Tatlisumak etal. [24]. Additionally, individual variables were assessed for consistency in scoring between image modalities. Using a sample of U.S. African American, Native American, and European American females and males (n = 225), we examined individual variable scoring and string codes between two different image modalities (radiographs and CT-based 3D models). Arcades showed poor scoring consistency between modalities (p < 0.001). Although exclusion rates were similar to those reported in the original studies (93%-96%), matched-pair accuracy rates were low (13%-18%). None of the demographics (collection, sex, age, ancestry, and orientation) had an effect on the odds of a match. Interobserver and intraobserver analyses showed moderate to near-perfect agreement for all variables except supraorbital cells, which had minimal to no agreement. Currently, we do not recommend the application of these frontal sinus coding methods independent of other supporting identification methods given low variable consistency and accuracy rates. Visual identification should still be used to include or exclude an identification when using the frontal sinus.

Potential Disparities in Treatment Outcomes of Combination Chemoimmunotherapy in African American females with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ED-SCLC): A Case Series Analysis

Potential Disparities in Treatment Outcomes of Combination Chemoimmunotherapy in African American females with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ED-SCLC): A Case Series Analysis

Reading for Friday in The Female American (1767)

While styled on Robinson Crusoe (1719), The Female American (1767) differs considerably from Defoe’s text. In the novel, Unca Eliza, a mixed-race heroine, finds safety in an Indigenous tribe using an ‘othered’ body. While marooned, the protagonist climbs inside an oracle, a statue of a sun god. Through it, she speaks with the tribe, thereby converting them to Christianity, or at least a version of it. ‘Friday’ exists in multiple configurations across The Female American, in terms of indigenous groups and individuals who are converted, violently oppressed and threatened, and, as will be demonstrated in this essay, as an extension of the narrator’s identity. This article contends that the combination of the castaway Unca Eliza and the idol of the sun god explores the ambivalence of colonial rhetoric and represents a new configuration of the Friday/Crusoe relationship.

Predicting the onset of myopia in children by age, sex, and ethnicity: Results from the CLEERE Study.

Clinicians and researchers would benefit from being able to predict the onset of myopia for an individual child. This report provides a model for calculating the probability of myopia onset, year-by-year and cumulatively, based on results from the largest, most ethnically diverse study of myopia onset in the United States. This study aimed to model the probability of the onset of myopia in previously nonmyopic school-aged children. Children aged 6 years to less than 14 years of age at baseline participating in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study who were nonmyopic and less hyperopic than +3.00 D (spherical equivalent) were followed up for 1 to 7 years through eighth grade. Annual measurements included cycloplegic autorefraction, keratometry, ultrasound axial dimensions, and parental report of children's near work and time spent in outdoor and/or sports activities. The onset of myopia was defined as the first visit with at least -0.75 D of myopia in each principal meridian. The predictive model was built using discrete time survival analysis and evaluated with C statistics. The model of the probability of the onset of myopia included cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error, the horizontal/vertical component of astigmatism (J0), age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Onset of myopia was more likely with lower amounts of hyperopia and less positive/more negative values of J0. Younger Asian American females had the highest eventual probability of onset, whereas older White males had the lowest. Model performance increased with older baseline age, with C statistics ranging from 0.83 at 6 years of age to 0.92 at 13 years. The probability of the onset of myopia can be estimated for children in the major racial/ethnic groups within the United States on a year-by-year and cumulative basis up to age 14 years based on a simple set of refractive error and demographic variables.

285 “Stages” of Hope: Theater as a Research and Outreach Modality for Generating Knowledge, Understanding, and Healing

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Theater has always served as a means of reflecting and understanding the human condition. Participatory theater further offers the option for viewers to participate in and thus additionally benefit from the performance itself. We use Playback Theater for outreach and research, eliciting information to guide research, education, and engagement. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Playback Theater is a type of improvisation that involves audience members recounting personal experiences which are then enacted by a theater troupe. Playback has evolved to include storytelling as a means of expressing and understanding difficult life experiences such as violence, bullying, incarceration, disaster, illness, etc. While not intended as therapy, it has been found to provoke insight and catharsis when used by trained practitioners. We are conducting Playback theater with LGBTQ+ and African American women to elucidate health disparities related to HIV/AIDS. Black/African Americans accounted for 42.1% of cases in 2019, and African American females are 15 times more likely to develop AIDS than white females. We hope to elucidate barriers to screening and treatment to inform early intervention. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In community engagement, we employ a variety of strategies involving storytelling, since this simple act fosters multiple positive outcomes. For example, by talking about their experiences participants might find clarity about a difficult experience, facilitating coping or healing, or even letting go. By sharing their stories, others (clinicians, researchers, other patients, or the public) can learn what it is like to go through a particular illness or event. This knowledge can be used to allay patient fears or help researchers or clinicians to develop programming that better responds to needs. This novel approach to knowledge sharing also allows communication that may not otherwise be possible. Discussions about sensitive topics are enabled, often leading to shared understanding and potential solutions. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Through Playback Theater, we hope to identify and thus be able to address barriers to early screening and treatment for African American women and the LGBTQ+ population. We are also planning an event with children with cancer and their families to better understand their experiences and needs in both the clinical and familial settings.

Abstract 1313: Racial disparities in colorectal cancer incidence across US ethnic groups: A comprehensive analysis

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent global cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Racial disparities in CRC within the United States pose a significant public health concern, affecting incidence, mortality rates, and screening rates. This study investigates the impact of racial disparities on CRC incidence across various US states, utilizing CRC data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Analysis with GraphPad Prism 5 software and Student's t-test reveals a consistent trend of higher CRC incidence in males compared to females, irrespective of ethnicity. Notably, the Black and American Indian ethnic groups demonstrate the highest CRC incidences among all races, especially in individuals aged 65 and above. Certain states, including Iowa and Mississippi for Black populations, and Alaska, Minnesota, Montana, Oklahoma, and South Dakota for American Indian populations, exhibit significantly elevated CRC incidences compared to the national average. County-specific analysis in Alabama reveals varying CRC incidence rates across ethnic groups, with higher rates in specific counties, such as Clarke County for Black males. Limited reports for American Indian, Asian Pacific, and Hispanic ethnic groups indicate potential disparities in access to testing, awareness, and funding for CRC detection and prevention. This study concludes that Black and American Indian males and females experience a higher incidence of colorectal cancer, possibly influenced by genetic factors or other variables contributing to CRC development. The observed disparities are multifaceted, arising from a combination of social, economic, and healthcare system factors. Addressing these complexities is crucial for mitigating CRC disparities and promoting equitable healthcare access and outcomes. Additional research, including molecular screening studies, is essential to substantiate disparities in cancer-related health and enhance public health and cancer awareness within the community. Key Words: Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Health Care, Racial Disparities Citation Format: Anathbandhu Chaudhuri, Rosianna Gray. Racial disparities in colorectal cancer incidence across US ethnic groups: A comprehensive analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1313.