American Edition Research Articles

Meet our North American editorial board members

Meet our North American editorial board members

Dissection, media portrayals, and reaction: Black bodies and medical education in nineteenth-century newspapers.

Throughout the nineteenth century, medical schools in both the Northern and Southern regions of the United States required a regular supply of bodies for medical study and experimentation. Physicians and medical students targeted the bodies of African Americans, both freedmen and the enslaved, to meet this demand. Simultaneously, the nation's booming newspaper market became a stage on which debates about the cruelty of slavery and the social consequences of pursuing medical knowledge played out in articles about the dissection of Black bodies. Such stories increased fears about dissection and mistrust towards the medical profession among African American communities, which manifested in riots against physicians, vandalism against medical schools, and corrective responses from African American newspaper editors and journalists. Through an extensive examination of nineteenth-century U.S. newspapers, this article identifies themes evident in the coverage of dissection during this period. Southern newspapers crafted stories of dissection that served the dual purpose of entertaining White readers and humiliating African Americans. This public humiliation fostered what became a popular genre of derogatory and vile humor that reinforced negative and inaccurate racialized stereotypes as well as racist science. Ultimately, such newspaper coverage provoked reactions within Black communities and among antislavery advocates that showcase how people often excluded from practicing medicine themselves viewed issues like medical education. Newspaper rhetoric around these themes amplified tensions between religious and scientific perspectives, reflected differences and similarities between the northern and southern areas of the United States, and fortified racist views in both cultural and scientific contexts.

Le “Making of” de Eichmann in Jerusalem et quelques foyers de sa reception

Thanks to the Arendt/Hannah Arendt Papers (LC) collection, it is possible to discern the geological strata and to grasp the palimpsest of Eichmann's text in Jerusalem in the precision of its transformations, which are not trivial. The materials available for analysis include the following: 1. The articles from The New Yorker (1963); 2. The first draft of the work (1963); 3. The final draft of the first edition (1963); 4. The corrections for the British edition (Faber and Faber 1963); 5. The answer to Samuel Grafton's questions, which was not published (1963); 6. The interview with Thilo Koch at the beginning of 1964; 7. The German translation revised by the author (1964); 8. The interview with Günter Gaus (1964); and 9. The American edition revised and expanded (1965). To this inventory we can also add the distortions of the citations of the text itself in American and European critiques.

Ethno-Cultural Metaphor of Daily Life as a Reflection of the National
 Language Picture of the World in the English Language

The article examines the ethno-cultural metaphor as a phenomenon of cultural studies, reflecting the process of perception of the surrounding reality by a certain ethnos. The real world is perceived by the ethnos through the prism of thinking,
 comprehended and realized in speech through language. The functional ability of the language to transmit the values of the national culture allows getting an idea of the specific and general mechanisms and ways of implementing the concepts of everyday
 life by a specific ethnic group. The relationship between language and culture determines the relevance of studying the mechanisms and methods of transmitting the national language picture of the world. The article proposes to explore ethno-cultural
 metaphors that are often encountered in everyday life. The research material was the American edition of the magazine «Cosmopolitan», the journalistic style of presentation of the magazine is close to the style of communication between people in everyday life. It was revealed that in everyday life, people endow the most common words with metaphorical meaning that convey color designation, a person's relationship with food, with natural phenomena, with everything that surrounds a person
 everywhere from day to day. The study made an attempt to structure the selected material according to everyday communication and highlight some concepts related
 to colour designation (colours), natural phenomena night – day, morning – evening, food (here eating periods like breakfast – lunch – dinner – supper can be distinguished as well as concepts food tastes), and other concepts that convey the relationship of a person with his environment.
 As a result of the analysis of the ethno-cultural metaphor of everyday life, we received confirmation that ethno-cultural metaphors are a significant element of the national language picture of the world, as they convey the value orientations of the
 ethnos and reflect the mental comprehension of the surrounding reality.

The Monroe Doctrine: Republicans’ Perspective in the Formation Years of the Versailles-Washington System

The Monroe Doctrine occupies a unique place in the US history. It became one of the key foreign policy documents of its time and provided the basis for a wide variety of interpretations of the United States’ role and goals in the international arena at turning points of world history. One of these moments was the turn of the 1910s−1920s, when a new Versailles-Washington order of international relations was emerging. In the US public discourse, this period was marked by intense debates between supporters of the Democratic President V. Wilson and his isolationist opponents. Both Republicans and Democrats constantly referred to the Monroe Doctrine, on the one hand, to justify their own views on US foreign policy in the new conditions, and, on the other hand, to refute the arguments of their political opponents. The controversy surrounding the Monroe Doctrine has been reflected in publications in periodicals and analytical journals, as well as in cartoons. Studying these materials, it is possible to trace the evolution of the approaches of American politicians, experts, editors, and journalists to the Monroe Doctrine. The arguments of the Republicans against the ‘internationalist’ interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine that emerged in the face of the changing global context after the First World War are of particular interest. The study shows that at the initial stage of discussions (1920), the Monroe Doctrine was used by the Republicans primarily to criticize W. Wilson’s concept of international relations in general and his position on the League of Nations in particular. At the next stage (1921−1923), the debate focused around the need to revise the Monroe Doctrine itself, that aroused due to new trends in the development of international relations in the Far East and, in particular, because of the increasing competition between the United States and Japan. The author identifies several main approaches to the interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine formulated during the public debate in 1921−1923. It is shown that, despite significant divergences of view, both isolationists and internationalists eventually came to broader interpretations of the Monroe Doctrine, recognizing the need to extend its principles to the entire Asia-Pacific region.

The Next American Edition of the Book of Common Prayer

Abstract The Episcopal Church has been engaged in efforts to revise its Book of Common Prayer since the mid-1990s, but a completed revision is still nowhere in sight. This essay explains the process for revision in the Episcopal Church, the working of that process leading up to the adoption of the Book of Common Prayer 1979 and the optimism about a further revision in the 1990s. It then seeks to understand the inability of the Episcopal Church to follow through on the hope of revision in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, despite considerable work on liturgical texts and the involvement of a growing number of task forces and special committees. It follows with discussion of the issues related to revision before the 2022 and the upcoming 2024 conventions and concludes with reflections on the obstacles to a completed revision.

Italo Calvino’s Earliest Translations into English by Rome-Based African American Translator and Editor Ben Johnson

Italo Calvino’s Earliest Translations into English by Rome-Based African American Translator and Editor Ben Johnson

WAIS–IV, WISC–V, WPPSI–IV Subtests and their Relationship with CHC Theory

Psychometric intelligence tests have great importance for identification and diagnosis of learning problems, high talents, and cognitive profile in the context of developmental delay or brain injury impacts, for the orientation of specialized education. Among these tests are the three scales of Wechsler, which used frequently. From, the first to the last edition of Wechsler, tests based being, on the created g factor of Spearman. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory (CHC) is a complete psychometric theory and empirically based on the structure of cognitive skills. It’s used widely as a basis for the creation and classifying batteries of administration intelligence and neuropsychological tests to facilitate interpretation of cognitive performance. For organizing assessments for people suspected of having an intellectual disability, also three Wechsler tests are based on this theory. Our study tends to classify all subtests in the last three American edition versions of the Wechsler tests in this critical theory and compare these tests. We found that the five of The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition WISC-V primary indexes align with Gc (Comprehension knowledge), Gv (Visual and Spatial Thinking), Gf (Fluid Reasoning), Gwm (Working Memory), Gs (Processing Speed). As well Glr (long-term memory) is measured by two complementary indexes: the Naming Speed Index (NSI) and Symbol Translation Index (STI). Meanwhile, in The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Fourth edition WPPSI-IV, The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition WAIS-IV and The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition WISC-IV. The only five primary indexes are aligning with Gc, Gv, Gf, Gwm, and Gs, and This proved that there existed more factors present in the WISC-V than the previous Wechsler test editions.

Constructing Inessential Shakespeare in the United States

ABSTRACT ‘Inessential Shakespeare’ is largely an invented category, a consequence of a set of critical, editorial, and economic factors established when Shakespeare studies emerged as a recognisable academic discipline. Like all disciplines, Shakespeare studies required the construction of a material and conceptual apparatus consisting of the text of the plays, annotations, introductions, methods, and commentaries that would introduce students to the formal study of Shakespeare – as opposed to the more ephemeral experience of witnessing a performance. I argue that two popular and influential nineteenth-century American editors, Henry Norman Hudson and Richard Grant White, in the process of rendering Shakespeare essential to American education, also introduced a series of plays that continue to be held less essential than others. Demarcating some plays as inessential, even if unintentional, was therefore necessary due to the institutional demands of this new field of study.

Hannah Arendt’s Transatlantic Walter Benjamin

In 1968, twenty-eight years after Walter Benjamin’s death, Hannah Arendt published a literary portrait of Benjamin that questioned the Frankfurt School’s editorial infringements on and interpretive appropriations of Benjamin’s work. In recent discussions of her intervention in the debate that had escalated upon Theodor W. Adorno and Gershom Scholem’s publication of Benjamin’s letters in 1966, it has been neglected that Arendt published two versions of her portrait, American and German. This article shows that the American version differs significantly from the German as it amplifies a characteristic citation method through which Arendt performatively preserves and promotes Benjamin’s work. Thus, the American version indicates how Arendt transformed her strong editorial commitment to rescuing European Jewish cultural heritage after the Holocaust into a critical method. The initial occasion for Arendt’s portrait was her American Benjamin edition Illuminations (1968), toward which she had begun working since her arrival in New York in 1941. The edition’s continuing global distribution demonstrates the lasting impact of Arendt’s intervention.

A Change in Time: American Journalism’s 2013 Transition to a Commercial Publisher

Change is never easy, especially for historians who have their feet firmly planted in the past. So, in 2013, when American Journalism editor Barbara G. Friedman and associate editor Kathy Roberts Forde proposed moving from independent university presses to a commercial academic publisher, there was apprehension. But theirs was a utilitarian goal: creating a solid path for journalism and mass communication scholars to achieve tenure and promotion at their universities in an age when metrics matter and expanding the journal’s reach. In this reflection, part of American Journalism’s fortieth anniversary essay series, the former editors explain how the transition from independent to commercial publishing enabled a “gem of a journal” to achieve—and exceed—those initial goals. The authors also offer some considerations for the future.

Harry’s Mirror: Desire, fantasy and the Mirror of Erised in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

The British edition of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone () celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2022. The American edition (1998) will follow suit in 2023. The series comprises seven books that follow the conventional seven years of UK secondary schooling between years seven and thirteen (i.e., grades six to twelve in the United States). In this article, I celebrate this first novel by examining Rowling’s commentary on desire. Writers of imaginative fiction have always been interested in this theme. Rowling is no exception. The Sorting Hat, which organizes Hogwarts’ new pupils into the school’s four houses, is a case in point: it recognizes Harry’s potentials were he to follow Voldemort’s footsteps and join the Slytherins, but, ultimately, it respects and prioritizes his desires. ‘Are you sure?’ it asks Harry, in response to his reluctance to be placed there, ‘You could be great, you know, it’s all here in your head, and Slytherin will help you on the way to greatness, no doubt about that – no? Well, if you’re sure – better be GRYFFINDOR!’ ([: 130) The Harry Potter series (1997–2007) follows Harry’s growth, which necessitates curbing his desires so that he does not become another Voldemort. The Mirror of Erised offers, I argue, an especially interesting case study for investigating this theme. My sustained attention on this device and its effects on characters and what they do exposes some of Philosopher’s Stone’s complexities, while enhancing our appreciation for Rowling’s characters and for her project.

戦後日本建築の評価に関する資料調査 その２：丹下健三と米雑誌編集者との応答書簡

The influence of American magazines is one of the factors behind the global rise of Japanese architecture’s reputation after World War II. In this report, we examine various letters exchanged between American magazine editors and architect Kenzo Tange, from the 1950s through to the early 1960s. This analysis examines the process by which Tange’s works were published in magazines, along with how his interactions with American magazine editors affected his overseas activities and broader international reputation. Time, Architectural Forum, and Architectural Record are the magazines covered in this report.

‘The thing will be alive’: Nancy Newhall and a Vision for Photography

From the 1940s until 1974, the American curator, writer and editor Nancy Newhall was a pivotal and visionary figure in the emergence of the field of creative photography in the USA. Newhall’s collaborative work over these decades was foundational in establishing a framework for creative practice in photography – including exhibitions, institutions, publications and public discourse. Newhall’s personal correspondence, in particular, illuminates her bold advocacy in developing a constellation of opportunities to support the practise of and public audience for creative photography, while her published writing and collaborative creative work with photographers created a framework for text and image experiments.

The Year’s Work in American Humor Studies, 2021

The Year’s Work in American Humor Studies, 2021

Infants of the Spring (1932): Cutting across the Stage of Harlem’s Black Bohemia

Based on an analysis of the novel Infants of the Spring (1932), this article explores the circulation and metamorphoses of Black and queer cultural identities in the urban space of Harlem (New York) during the 1920s. In this roman à clef, Black American writer and editor Wallace Thurman revisited the experience of the Black bohemia. He did so focusing on the so-called “Niggeratti Manor,” a residence where some of the young Black artists of the Harlem Renaissance lived. At the time, New York was still organized along racially segregated lines and various factors were shaping the uptown neighborhood: the migration of Black Americans from the South to the North of the United States; the urban reforms that aimed to organize this migration; and the political, intellectual, and artistic production that accompanied the Black emancipation struggles. In addition, during this period, which was also that of Prohibition, white queer men and women patronized the neighborhood. On the one hand, Harlem was a fairly welcoming area for gay and lesbian people. On the other hand, it provided access to an entertainment world in which performance and camp were central. This article discusses how, using the metaphor of theater, and specifically the highly racially codified genre of the minstrel show, Infants of the Spring depicts male, Black, and queer identities in the modern urban landscape. Thurman’s novel interrogates the formation and circulation of these identities through the lens of the multiple relationships that Black artists had with white men, artists, and lovers, as well as with Black artists, intellectuals, and reformers.

THE IMAGE OF RUTHENIANS AND UKRAINIAN LANDS AS PART OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY IN THE REPRESENTATION OF THE AMERICAN NEWSPAPER «THE NEW YORK TIMES» (1870–1900)

The image of Western Ukrainian lands and Ukrainians (Ruthenians) in the American press is revealed based on the materials of the newspaper «The New York Times». The article shows how this American newspaper covered the events related to Eastern Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia in the last third of the 19th century. There was traditionally no analysis in such news, which prevented readers from forming a full-fledged image of the western Ukrainian lands. It was found that the American newspaper most often focused attention on Lviv among all other Ukrainian cities. Other cities were mentioned much less frequently. It was found that western Ukrainian lands were most often mentioned in materials related to politics, crime, education and various disasters. In addition, the reader could learn something about Galicia and Bukovyna from notes devoted to interesting facts and comic incidents. Analyzing the representation of Ruthenians and their political life in the newspaper's columns, it was found that «The New York Times» published news that mainly related to political life. The editors of the American edition were hardly interested in the subjects of Ruthenian culture, life, history, and religion. Among the political news related to the Ruthenians, the topic of elections in Austria-Hungary dominated. It was found that the American press did not write about the Ukrainophile movement, and the information about the RURP (the first Ukrainian political party) was limited to only one mention. The emphasis was mainly on the Russophile movement and its conflicts with the Austrian authorities. The news concerning the Russophiles was devoted to their arrests and the pan-Slavist agitation they were conducting. It is important to note that the political programs and ideas of Galician Russophiles were not described. The article concludes that the reader, based on the materials published in «The New York Times», could learn that the Ruthenians (Ukrainians) are a separate nation with its own political elite. Despite this, the newspaper did not provide enough factual materials, as well as analytical articles for the reader to form an objective and complete image of the western Ukrainian lands. It is shown that «The New York Times» did not provide information about the cultural and political contacts of Galician Ruthenians and Dnieper Ukrainians. In addition, the contemporary social problems of the Ruthenians, as well as their causes, were not sufficiently covered. All the previously mentioned factors contributed to the formation of an unreliable and patchy image of the Ruthenians of Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia. Keywords; «The New York Times», press, Bukovyna, Galicia, Transcarpathia, Western Ukrainian lands, Ruthenians (Ukrainians).

Music Reviews

This music review covers new (2022) song and aria publications. These include operatic arias excerpted from the chamber opera, Uncovered, by American composer Lori Laitman; a two volume collection of operatic arias by American composer Stephen Paulus; the song, “Partridge Sky”, by Chinese composer Fang Man; and a collection of encore songs created by 20th century comedienne Anna Russell, in a new edition by American pianist and editor, Dace Gisclard.

Cartoons as Rhetorical Weaponry: A Multimodal Analysis of the Depiction of Corruption in Selected Egyptian and American Editorial Cartoons

Cartoons as Rhetorical Weaponry: A Multimodal Analysis of the Depiction of Corruption in Selected Egyptian and American Editorial Cartoons

Fireside Chat on the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Special Edition of the Health Equity Journal Featuring Authors.

Fireside Chat on the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Special Edition of the Health Equity Journal Featuring Authors.