American Astronautical Society Research Articles

Fifty years of IAA History Symposia (1967–2016)

The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Symposia on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics have been held annually at the International Astronautical Congresses since 1967. During these past 50 years nearly 800 papers have been presented and subsequently published in the proceedings.With a 20-year rule imposed for historical presentations, the first 10 symposia concentrated on pre-World War II and early 1950s activities. A surprisingly large number of papers on early, less well-known Soviet-Russian contributions to rocketry and astronautics were presented in the first symposia, despite the ongoing Space Race between the U.S and USSR. Another important element in these symposia involved memoir papers offered by pre- and post-war rocket and astronautics pioneers from many countries, and the participation of many of these pioneers in person. In sum, the history of national space and rocket projects from some 40 countries were presented over the years in IAA History Symposia.These 50 symposia have provided a platform for scholars and professional and non-professional historians to meet and discuss the history of rocketry and astronautics, and to personally interview many space pioneers, most of whom today are deceased. Their personal recollections have since been shared with a large audience.Over time, IAA history papers divided into recognizable periods: ancient times through the 19th century, and the 20th and 21st centuries, which separate among actions and events that took place before 1945, in 1945 to 1957, and after 1957 (which marked the beginning of the space age). Proceedings of the IAA History Symposia have been published in English, ultimately in the History Series of the American Astronautical Society (AAS) and its publishing arm, Univelt Inc., under an agreement secured with the IAA.This paper presents an overview of the IAA History Symposia. It examines the early years of the history committee and its first symposium, the evolution of subsequent symposia, and it recognizes those individuals who shaped these symposia and the publication of its proceedings.

The Final Frontier-What Should the Travel Medicine Practitioner Know About Space Flight Participation?

Box office movies, such as Star Trek and 2001: A Space Odyssey , have ingrained images of space exploration in the public imagination. Extraterrestrial tourism or, more accurately, personal space flight participation, has been discussed since the late 1960s, when then president of the Hilton hotel group, Barron Hilton, raised the prospect of hotels in space at the American Astronautical Society Conference.1 The Space Tourism Society defines space tourism as a combination of in-Earth orbit experiences; beyond-Earth orbit experiences, including lunar and Martian travel; high fidelity Earth-based simulations and entertainment; and cyber space tourism experiences.2 The so-called Karman line , which is commonly used to demarcate the edge of space, is considered to occur at 100 km of altitude above the Earth,3 or at 10 times the altitude of a cruising commercial airliner. Recreational space visitors who travel beyond this altitude may reasonably be labeled astrotourists. They need to accelerate to speeds of 28,000 kph just to remain in space.4 Several commercial companies have presented plans for transporting tourists into space since the 1980s. Setbacks have delayed progress, including the tragic explosion of the orbiter Challenger in 1986, which meant that the idea of using space shuttles as vehicles for tourist flights was abandoned. The American company, Space Adventures, in cooperation with the Russian space agency, was responsible for flying seven wealthy clients on a Soyuz spacecraft between 2001 and 2009.5 The first personal orbital space flight participant was Dennis Tito, a former NASA employee, who spent a week on board the International Space Station 400 km above Earth, at a reported cost of US$20 million.6 This same firm claims that up to 200 aspiring space tourists have paid deposits of almost US$3 million for the privilege of taking more affordable suborbital flights in …

Isobath variation and trapping of continental shelf waves

AbstractSince Trösch (Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Numerical Modeling, Tainan, Taiwan, 1984 (ed. H. M. Hsia, Y. L. Chou, S. Y. Wang & S. J. Hsieh) Science and Technology Series, vol. 63, 1986, pp. 307–311. American Astronautical Society) found trapped sub-inertial oscillations in computations of low-frequency variability in the Lake of Lugano, models of trapping have generally considered evenly spaced isobaths parallel to shorelines with approximate boundary conditions at any shelf–ocean boundary. Here an asymptotic analysis for slowly varying topography and accurate spectral computations demonstrate trapping on non-rectilinear shelves. It is shown that changes in any of three factors, isobath curvature, distance from the coast and the shelf-break, and the slope at the shelf-break, are sufficient on their own to give trapping. Continental shelves that abut smoothly onto the open ocean are considered thus avoiding the shelf–ocean boundary condition approximation and allowing the accuracy of previous approximations to be assessed.

Lockheed Martin Chairman and CEO Vance Coffman on achieving mission success

Executive OverviewLockheed Martin Corporation was formed in 1995 with the merger of two of the world's premier technology companies, Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta Corporation. In 1996 Lockheed Martin completed its strategic combination with the defense electronics and systems integration businesses of Loral. Lockheed Martin currently employs about 125,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, and integration of advanced technology systems, products, and services. Its operating units are organized into broad business areas, including aeronautics (e.g., tactical aircraft, airlift, and aeronautical research and development), space systems (e.g., space launch, commercial satellites, government satellites, and strategic missiles), systems integration (e.g., missiles and fire control, naval systems, platform integration, and C4I), and technology services (e.g., federal services, energy programs, commercial IT, and aeronautical services). In 2001 Lockheed Martin reported total sales of $24 billion in addition to a record sales backlog of more than $71 billion. Dr. Vance D. Coffman, Lockheed Martin Corporation's chief executive officer and chairman of its board of directors, was elected to his current position in 1997 after serving as the corporation's president and chief operating officer and, earlier, as executive vice president and chief operating officer. Previously, he served as president and chief operating officer of Lockheed Martin's Space and Strategic Missiles Sector. Prior to the merger of Lockheed and Martin Marietta in 1995, he served as executive vice president of Lockheed Corporation. Before that, he was president of the Space Systems Division of Lockheed Missiles & Space Company and a vice president of the corporation. Born in Kinross, Iowa, Dr. Coffman holds a bachelor of science degree in aerospace engineering from Iowa State University and master's and doctoral degrees in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University. Coffman joined Lockheed's Space Systems Division in 1967 as a guidance and control systems analyst. Alter leading the development of several major space programs and large ground data processing systems, he was appointed a vice president in 1985. division vice president and assistant general manager in 1987, and president of the Space Systems Division in 1988. While in that position, he was responsible for the Hubble Space Telescope, the M1LSTAR satellite communications program, and the Follow-on Early Warning System (now called the Space Based Infrared System). As CEO and chairman of the board, Coffman presided over Lockheed Martin's financial turnaround during a period of worldwide defense and aerospace industry consolidation (as two dozen companies shrunk to four or five) as well as the successful Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) bid that holds the potential for $300 billion in future sales. Dr. Coffman currently serves on the board of directors at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and 3M. He is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (in which he became a Fellow in 1996), the American Astronautical Society (in which he became a Fellow in 1991), the American Defense Preparedness Association/National Security Industrial Association, and the Security Affairs Support Association.

TEOFILO M. TABANERA (1909–1981) THE DIVULGER

The merit of being the first and principal disseminator of space activities in Argentina and South America belongs to the Argentinian engineer Teófilo M. Tabanera. He was the only Latin American signatory of the foundation Act of the International Astronautical Federation and served as one of its Vicepresidents for seven consecutive periods, President of Several Committees and also founder of the academy (I.A.A.) created within the same time frame. He held important positions in several organizations in Argentina in areas of electricity and petroleum. In 1930, he published a pioneering article about the future of space travel. In 1945 he was the first Argentinian member of the British Interplanetary Society and also of the American Astronautical Society, founding member and President of the Interamerican Committee on Space Investigations, founder member of the Argentine Institute of Aeronautical and Space History.

Organizing for the Use of Space: Historical Perspectives on a Persistent Issue ed. by Roger D. Launius

TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 973 dipole oscillator and resonator, when “problems arose that under­ mined Hertz’s original claims, and indeed that undermined the character of the device itself as a stable effect-generator” (p. 3). In the meantime, historians of science and technology should find the present volume to be rewarding in many ways. Ronald Kline Dr. Kune is associate professor of the history of technology at Cornell University. Organizingfor the Use ofSpace: HistoricalPerspectives on a Persistent Issue. Edited by Roger D. Launius. San Diego: American Astronautical Society, 1995. Pp. xiii+220; illustrations, figures, tables, notes. $60.00 (hardcover); $40.00 (paper). What most unites the articles in Organizingfor the Use of Space is the background of its authors. Six of the eight are historians for NASA or the military; the other two are affiliated with universities in or near Washington, D.C. Most have been reflecting and writing on the history of the American space program for more than a de­ cade. By contrast, the papers range over a variety of subjects and periods, from rocketry in World War II, through NASA’s formation, to the Strategic Defense Initiative of the 1980s. The treatments also vary, from brief and impressionistic to de­ tailed and studiously researched. There is excellence at both ends of this spectrum. Dwayne A. Day makes exemplary use of primary sources to tell us as much as we may ever want to know about the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a body that “played only a minimal role in the formulation ofAmerican space policy for most of its . . . existence” (p. 117). At the other end, Howard E. McCurdy contributes a short piece based mainly on published sources but cen­ tered on a provocative question: how did popular culture affect fed­ eral policy-making? The other articles treat more familiar topics. R. Cargill Hall re­ minds us that Eisenhower was mainly interested in space for its mili­ tary applications. Volume editor Roger D. Launius contributes a well-written resume of U.S. space policy through 1960. The novelty is his argument that Eisenhower’s NASA administrator, T. Keith Glennan, played a critical role in fending off the coalition of space cadets, industrialists, military officers, and members ofCongress who were urging a more aggressive stance. Through his resistance, Glen­ nan succeeded in securing a balanced space program for his admin­ istration. The implication—more acceptable, probably, to historians than to the American Astronautical Society members to whom some of these papers were first addressed at a 1993 meeting—is that the Kennedy administration unbalanced the program when it trans­ formed it into “a huge scientific and technological effort with pi­ loted activities serving as the mainstay” (p. 63). 974 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Sylvia K. Kraemer’s overview of NASA’s culture mainly follows a well-beaten track with such themes as the tension between NASA’s ethos of in-house research and its practice of contracting research out. It is, however, an exceptionally well-informed reiteration. J. D. Hunley pushes beyond prior accounts of the birth of U.S. rocketry by dint ofmeticulous research and the productive device of compar­ ing the Peenemunde rocketeers’ use of academic and industry con­ sultants with the practices of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Rick W. Sturdevant’s article hews the most closely to the book’s title, laying out the air force’s organizational arrangements for space as they evolved over the course of five decades. In my opinion, how­ ever, the time is past for us to content ourselves with this kind of chronology or to limit our studies to a single organization as actor. Martin J. Collins recently exhorted us to view NASA’s program in the larger context of the combined military, intelligence, and civil­ ian efforts (Collins and Sylvia K. Kraemer, eds., Space: Discovery and Exploration, Southport, Conn.: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates for the Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum, 1994, p. 11). His injunction is equally appropriate for historians of military space. The final article, by Donald R. Baucom, is a clearly articulated account of the fight the Pentagon waged and won for control of the Strategic Defense Initiative against the High...

Uniform modal damping of rings by an extended node control theorem

Hazelrigg, G. A., The Use of Green's Theorem to Find Global Optimal Solutions to a Class of Impulsive Transfer, American Astronautical Society, Paper 68-092, Sept. 1968. Marec, J. P., Optimal Space Trajectories, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979. Palmore, J. I., An Elementary Proof of the Optimality of Hohmann Transfers, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 7, No. 5, 1984. Prussing, J. E., Simple Proof of the Global Optimality of the Hohmann Transfer, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1992.

Review: History of Rocketry and Astronautics. American Astronautical Society History Series, Vol. 14, by Tom D. Crouch and Alex M. Spencer and History of Rocketry and Astronautics. American Astronautical Society History Series, Vol. 15, by Lloyd H. Cornett, Jr.

Review: <i>History of Rocketry and Astronautics. American Astronautical Society History Series, Vol. 14</i>, by Tom D. Crouch and Alex M. Spencer and <i>History of Rocketry and Astronautics. American Astronautical Society History Series, Vol. 15</i>, by Lloyd H. Cornett, Jr.

J. Preston Layton 1919–1992: A guiding light in nuclear space power and propulsion

An eventful, highly productive career ended with the death of James Preston (“Pres”) Layton in December 1992. His career in rockets, which spanned 50 years, is a chronology of developments in the U.S. space program. Layton was instrumental in the development of rocket technologies ranging from the first jet-assisted take off (JATO) boosters used on aircraft to space nuclear power and propulsion. His work on JATOs, during World War II, involved both testing of solid-fueled units on naval aircraft in the Pacific and developing advanced liquid-fueled systems at the U.S. Naval Academy's laboratory under the direction of Robert H. Goddard, the father of American rocketry. It was Goddard who inspired Layton to devote his life to rocketry. In 1948, as chief of propulsion for the Glenn L. Martin company, he became crew chief in charge of testing the first big U.S. rocket, the Viking series. Layton subsequently joined the research faculty at Princeton University where he served from 1951 to 1976, taking a brief leave in 1955 to earn a Masters Degree at Purdue University under the direction of Maurice Zucrow, another American rocket pioneer. As Chief Engineer of Princeton's Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Center, he created the nation's foremost university rocket research facilities, where he conducted the first experimental evaluation of liquid ozone as a rocket propellant. Later Layton led Princeton's Advanced Systems and Mission Analysis Laboratory, which conducted pioneering studies of space nuclear power and propulsion systems. During this period, at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (on leave from Princeton), Layton helped develop and test the world's first and only nuclear ram-rocket. During his career, Layton performed many responsible consulting tasks for industry and government in the U.S.A. and abroad. He was chief technical consultant to Mathematica, Inc., whose analyses formed the basis for the current Space Shuttle design. He conducted an AIAA assessment of New Space Transportation Systems; and chaired a projection of space activities into the 2000 to 2020 time period for the National Research Council. More recently, he designed environmental and communications satellite propulsion systems for MATRA Espace and RCA Astro-Electronics. Layton was very active in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). In 1985, he served as International Program Committee Chairman of the 35th International Congress in Stockholm. Layton was a Fellow, American Astronautical Society, Associate Fellow of the AIAA, and a Member of the International Academy of Astronautics.

Engineering an Education

Computer Applications in Engineering EducationVolume 2, Issue 3 p. 207-211 Article Engineering an Education† Norman R. Augustine, Norman R. Augustine Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Martin Marietta Corporation Norman R. Augustine: is Chairman and CEO of the Martin Marietta Corporation. Scholar, corporate leader, civic champion, author, and extensive traveler, Mr. Augustine is a true Renaissance man. He is Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Red Cross and President of the Boy Scouts of America. He has served as national chairman of the U.S. Savings Bond Campaign; chairman of the Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT); president of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, of which he is an Honorary Fellow; chairman of the Aeronautics Panel of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board; chairman of the NASA/White House Committee on the U.S. Space Program; chairman of the NASA Space Systems and Technology Advisory Committee; and as a member of the NASA Advisory Council. He is chairman of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the International Academy of Astronautics, and Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communications, a Fellow of the American Astronautical Society and a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He is a licensed professional engineer in the State of Texas. Beyond Mr. Augustine's many professional and civic appointments, he is also the Chairman of the ASEE Corporate Advisory Roundtable.Search for more papers by this author Norman R. Augustine, Norman R. Augustine Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Martin Marietta Corporation Norman R. Augustine: is Chairman and CEO of the Martin Marietta Corporation. Scholar, corporate leader, civic champion, author, and extensive traveler, Mr. Augustine is a true Renaissance man. He is Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Red Cross and President of the Boy Scouts of America. He has served as national chairman of the U.S. Savings Bond Campaign; chairman of the Defense Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT); president of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, of which he is an Honorary Fellow; chairman of the Aeronautics Panel of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board; chairman of the NASA/White House Committee on the U.S. Space Program; chairman of the NASA Space Systems and Technology Advisory Committee; and as a member of the NASA Advisory Council. He is chairman of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the International Academy of Astronautics, and Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communications, a Fellow of the American Astronautical Society and a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He is a licensed professional engineer in the State of Texas. Beyond Mr. Augustine's many professional and civic appointments, he is also the Chairman of the ASEE Corporate Advisory Roundtable.Search for more papers by this author First published: 1994 https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.6180020310Citations: 2 † This paper was presented in the main plenary session of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), June 26–29, 1994, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume2, Issue31994Pages 207-211 RelatedInformation

Exploring the Sun: Solar Science Since Galileo

'Recipient of the American Astronautical Society'sEugene M. Emme Award.' This is a book written from the point of view of a historian interested not only in science itself, but also in the factors affecting the development of the subject; the individual personalities of the scientists, the political and social influences of the times, and the role of chance and circumstance in some of the great advances.--'Observatory.' 'New Series in NASA History' / 'Softshell Books.'

History of Rocketry and Astronautics ed. by R. Cargill Hall

170 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE planes with folding, fabric-covered wings reinforced by bamboo ribs radiating from a king post on each side and braced with numerous wires. Pilcher, however, btted his later gliders with wheeled under­ carriages, which helped absorb the shock of landing and eased the task of moving the machines about on the ground. By 1898, Pilcher had built and flown an improved glider, named the Hawk, and he was developing designs for a triplane powered by a small two-cylinder engine. Throughout, he had the encouragement and assistance of his sister Ella. Pilcher persisted in his conviction that aerodynamic control surfaces were unnecessary: this, of course, greatly circumscribed his work and made it unlikely that he could have succeeded with a larger powered machine. However, he never had to face that reality, for the tail of the Hawk collapsed in midair during a routine flight at Stanford Hall in 1899. Pilcher died a few days later from the injuries sustained in the crash. Another Icarus is likely to be considered the definitive biography of Percy Pilcher. Jarrett has pieced together Pilcher’s story despite the dearth of primary sources—Pilcher was a “reluctant correspondent” (p. ix) and did not leave behind a body of letters or other unpublished materials. Further, Jarrett provides a balanced assessment of Pilcher’s accomplishments, stressing that he “made no revolutionary scientific or technical contributions to the advancement ofaeronautics” (p. 147). Yet Pilcher does deserve such extended treatment, because he was, as Jarrett writes, “the first man in Britain to design, construct, and make successful flights in heavier-than-air aircraft” (p. 148). I wish, however, that Jarrett had been more explicit about Pilcher’s place within Crouch’s technological “community.” Although Pilcher’s connections with Maxim and Chanute receive considerable attention, it might have been in­ structive had Jarrett delved more deeply into the context of Pilcher’s empirical approach to heavier-than-air flight. It was, after all, the methodology of the engineer and not that of the scientist that even­ tually led to the Wrights’ success. Jarrett’s book nevertheless is a wor­ thy addition to the growing literature on the early history of flight. William F. Trimble Dr. Trimble is assistant professor of history at Auburn University. With W. David Lewis, he is the author of The Airway to Everywhere: A History of All American Aviation, 1937—1953, published in 1988 by the University of Pittsburgh Press. History of Rocketry and Astronautics. Edited by R. Cargill Hall. 2 vols. San Diego, Calif.: Univelt for the American Astronautical Society, 1986. Pp. xii + 238/489; illustrations, notes, indexes. $100.00 (cloth); $80.00 (paper) the set. In aerospace history, as in most everything else, there is a critical need for international understanding. Too many authors still tell their TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 171 stories without sufficient consideration of international contributions and their worldwide context and significance. Too many museums trumpet national achievements as if other national experiences have been irrelevant to human progress into air and space. Too many scholars have never attended a symposium or conference outside their own borders. For that reason and others, too many American aero­ space historians cannot name even one of their Soviet or Western European counterparts. One American aerospace historian who is familiar with the inter­ national community of aerospace historians is R. Cargill Hall, histo­ rian at the United States Air Force Historical Research Center at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama and editor of this welcome an­ thology published by the American Astronautical Society. In a twopart volume containing thirty-nine essays, fourteen of his authors are American; the other twenty-five are: Soviet (twelve), Spanish (three), Polish, Austrian, West German, Swiss (two each), Swedish, and Hun­ garian. The result is a smorgasbord that whets the appetite for more foreign offerings in aerospace history. Unfortunately, the food for thought here has been sitting out on the table for some time. The International Academy of Astronautics (IAS) has sponsored a symposium on the history of aeronautics at the annual congress of the International Astronautical Federation since 1967, with the idea of publishing proceedings in English and Russian. The essays in...

R. Cargill Hall (ed.). History of Rocketry and Astronautics: Proceedings of the Third through the Sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics. American Astronautical Society History Series, Volume 7, parts I and II; International Academy of Astronautics History Symposia, Volume 2, parts I and II. San Diego: American Astronautical Society, 1986 (first published as NASA Conference Publication 2014

R. Cargill Hall (ed.). History of Rocketry and Astronautics: Proceedings of the Third through the Sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics. American Astronautical Society History Series, Volume 7, parts I and II; International Academy of Astronautics History Symposia, Volume 2, parts I and II. San Diego: American Astronautical Society, 1986 (first published as NASA Conference Publication 2014 in 1977). Two volumes: xii + 238 pages and xii + 489 pages. - Volume 21 Issue 1

Giant steps

Giant steps Science Fiction and Space Futures: Past and Present, Emme Eugene M., Editor ( Univelt Inc for the American Astronautical Society, 1982, 270) Georgy Hay Georgy Hay London House, Mecklenburgh Square, London WC1N 2AB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Science and Public Policy, Volume 10, Issue 5, October 1983, Page 262, https://doi.org/10.1093/spp/10.5.262 Published: 01 October 1983

Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979

Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979

Review: Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979, by Eugene M. Emme

Book Review| April 01 1981 Review: Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979, by Eugene M. Emme Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979Eugene M. Emme John A. S. Pitts John A. S. Pitts Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1981) 3 (2): 107–110. https://doi.org/10.2307/3377230 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John A. S. Pitts; Review: Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979, by Eugene M. Emme. The Public Historian 1 April 1981; 3 (2): 107–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3377230 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1981 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

LUNCHEON ADDRESS: INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE DEFENSE ESTABLISHMENT THROUGH AUTOMATION

LUNCHEON ADDRESS: INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE DEFENSE ESTABLISHMENT THROUGH AUTOMATION

Radiation and Shielding in Space

"Radiation and Shielding in Space." Nuclear Technology, 15(3), pp. 477–478 Additional informationNotes on contributorsS. H. TurkelS. H. Turkel (BS and MS, physics, mathematics and education) is a member of the technical staff, North American Rockwell Corporation, Space Division; he is presently concerned with communications statellites, specifically, a tracking and data relay satellite system. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Physical Society, the American Astronautical Society, and the Operations Research Society.

Extraterrestrial Optical Microscopy*

An examination of the literature concerned with the use of microscopy for planetary investigation reveals a serious deficiency of current efforts. Many scientists have recommended the use of a microscope for planetary investigation [Biology and the Exploration of Mars, C. S. Pittendrigh, W. Vishniac, and J. P. T. Pearman, Eds. (National Academy of Science-National Research Council, Washington, D. C., 1966), (a) D. Mazia, p. 31; (b) J. Lederberg, p. 137; (c) S. Fox, pp. 219, 226; (d) D. Glaser, p. 326; (e) D. Glaser, J. McCarthy, and M. Minsky, pp. 333, 341; (f) D. G. Rea, pp. 347-426; (g) P. G. Conger, pp. 409-414; (h) M. H. Fernandez, pp. 414-425; (i) D. Schwartz, pp.425-426 . H. P. Klein, Some Biological Problems in the Search for Extraterrestrial Life (American Astronautical Society, Washington, D. C., 1968).] but few are involved in developing the experiment. Since this is a particularly timely period for the preparation of planetary lander experiments, the reasons for this lack of effort would appear to be limited resources or an unclear course of action, rather than lack of interest. Microscopy used for planetary investigation is chiefly the interest of the biologist and the mineralogist. In both cases the desire to use magnifying optics in order to observe objects of submillimeter size is based upon the rich body of knowledge we have acquired from observing the terrestrial microcosm. In addition to purely imaging, certain special optical techniques, e.g., polarimetry, colorimetry, phase contrast, etc., can be used to enhance the interpretation of microscopic imaging data. This interaction of the optical with the chemical or structural aspects of nature can be used to great advantage in the exploration of extraterrestrial biology and mineralogy.

JOINT MEETING

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 5, Issue 1 p. 66-66 JOINT MEETING of American Astronautical Society and Operations Research Society of Amierica First published: March 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1969.tb00429.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume5, Issue1March 1969Pages 66-66 RelatedInformation