The chief sign of the so-called “Koshimagari” is lumbal kyphosis. These cases are often found in rural women, and it is regarded as a manifestation of physical aging.But, the details of this phenomenon involve a number of ambiguous points demanding further studis.As result of our studies on the grade of curvature and the amplitude of mobility of the spine among rural women, we found out that the incidence of the so-called “Koshimagari” showed a marked increase, that the grade of curvature also advanced and that the amplitude of mobility of the spine decreased, after 45 years of age. On the basis of such findings, we presume that the changeslides from the reversible to the irreversible one at around that age.As regards this so-called “Koshimagari” there are such problems as the diagnostic criteria, method of measurement, etc. Besides, in addition to the endocrinological and nutritional study, it is necessary to try some sociomedical pursuit with special attention to the modes of farming peculiar to Japan. There are such numerous questions yet to be solved, but, while we hope to reconsider the policy of social physical education in general, in the meantime we should like to advise, as one of the effective preventive measures readily available today against the development of such morbid condition, the necessity of instituting a set of gymnastic exercises for rural people which would remedy their curving postures and supplement some physical movements which are usually lacking in their daily life.