Amberlite LA-2 Research Articles

Effect of the nature of organic solvents on their interaction with metal halides. Further investigations on antimony

A study is given on the extraction of trivalent antimony halides by nonpolar solvents, nitrobenzene, Amberlite LA-2 from sulphuric and orthophosphoric acids. These two acids, because of their dehydration action, were found to have an enhancing effect on the extraction of Sb(III) halides. Extraction by nonpolar solvents and nitrobenzene was also studied as a function of the antimony concentration.

Extraction studies on iron

The extraction of Fe(III) and Fe(II) from various aqueous acidic solutions, with nitrobenzene, Amberlite LA-2, TBP and HDEHP is described. Conditions are given for the separation of Fe(III) from Fe(II). The extraction and separation of Fe(III) and Fe(II) is most adequate from HCl solutions, using the four solvents. The extraction of iron halides from H2SO4 solutions has been studied. The effect of water-miscible alcohols on the distribution of Fe(III) and Fe(II) was also studied. Extraction equilibria and mechanisms were proposed on the basis of the obtained results.

Einfluß Organischer Lösungsmittel Auf die Extraktion von Thorium(IV) und Uran(VI) Mit Substituierten Sekundären und Tertiären Ammoniumnitraten aus Salpetersauren Lösungen

The influence of acetone on the extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) from aqueous solutions of nitric acid by solutions of Amberlite LA-2 and trilaurylamine in cyclohexane has been investigated. The partition of nitric acid and acetone between the two phases is discussed. The change of the distribution ratios of Th(IV) and U(VI) by adding acetone to the liquid-liquid-system is explained by the shift of the equilibrium of the metal nitrate complexes and by the increase of the concentration of nitric acid in the organic phase.

Determination of Permitted Dyes in Foods

An analytical method was investigated for the quantitative determination of water-soluble acid dyes permitted in Japan in foods by thin layer chromatography.The presented method was composed for the following: The water-soluble acid dyes were extracted from foods with a liquid anion exchange resin (Amberlite LA-2), and washed with water. The dyes could be re-extracted from the resin solution by extracting with ammonia water. The dyes in the extracting solution was separated by thin layer chromatography using cellulose or silica gel plate. Each spot was scanned by the dual wave length and zig-zag scanning type densitometer.The sensitivity limit of detection were 0.05μg of the dyes on the TLC plate.The analytical conditions were as follows:Slit; 1.25×1.25mmMode; Zig Zag scanWave length; Reference. λR=700nmSample. λS=a maximum wave length of each dyesThe recoveries of dyes added in juice, kamaboko (made from fish paste) and suhama (made from rice powder) were more than 93% except indigo carmine. As the results of the survey of commercial foods by the use of above mentioned procedure, concentration of dyes was used under about 100ppm in most of samples.The presented method was found to be sufficiently satisfactory for quantitative determination of dyes in foods.

Extraction chromatography of chloride complexes of osmium (III, IV and VI) on paper treated with tributyl phosphate and amberlite LA-1 hydrochloride

The complex anions OsCl(6)(2-), OsO(2)Cl(4)(2-) and OsCl(6)(3-) were separated by extraction chromatography on paper treated with tributyl phosphate and developed with hydrochloric acid. The chloride complexes of osmium and ruthenium can also be separated in the system TBP-HCl or Amberlite LA-1 hydrochloride-HCl.

Solvent extraction studies on cadmium

An extraction study was performed on tracer concentrations of cadmium, zinc and silver halides in absence and presence of phosphoric acid. A long chain amine (Amberlite LA-2) and an organophosphorus solvent (TBP) have been investigated. The presence of phosphoric acid was found to enhance considerably the extraction of most halides. The mechanism of extraction has been discussed in light of the obtained results.

The use of long-chain alkylamines for preconcentration of traces of molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium in their determination by atomic-absorption spectroscopy—I General studies

Long-chain alkylamines are used for the preconcentration of traces of molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium as thiocyanate complexes, in their determination by atomic-absorption spectroscopy. General studies of factors, influencing the extraction show that the thiocyanate complexes can be extracted into chloroform containing a low concentration of Amberlite LA1. Detection limits are 0.02 ppm Mo, 0.75 ppm W and 0.34 ppm Re in the final MIBK solution and are improved by a factor of 5-10 over those obtained by using current extraction methods. Serious interelement effects are eliminated and a range of other cations and anions are shown to have little effect on the absorption.

Quantitative Determination of FD&C Colors in Foods

A published procedure using Amberlite LA-2 (a liquid anion exchange resin) solutions to extract colors from food and the salt solution cellulose chromatographic technique to separate colors from each other were updated and submitted to collaborative study. Three batches of cookies and 4 purchased products were analyzed by 13 collaborators. The 3 batches of cookies contained different color mixtures requiring the selection of various procedures. The 4 purchased products were selected principally to include a variety of foods. Some results were partially deficient. The deficiencies reflect certain inadequacies in the directions as written rather than basic flaws in the method. Some improvements were suggested by the collaborators. The Assocaite Referee recommends that the method be further revised to correct the present inadequacies and to include some improvements, and that the revised method be submitted to another collaborative study.

The use of aqueous thiocyanate solutions in liquid-liquid extraction and reversed-phase extraction chromatography. I

Ten ions have been chromatographed on thin layers of cellulose impregnated with Aliquat 336, Alamine 336 S, Amberlite LA-1 or Primene JM-T, and on non-impregnated cellulose. Solutions of 0.3–7 M thiocyanate acidified with 0.01–1.0 N hydrochloric acid are used as eluents. R F spectra and a number of separations are reported. Percentage extraction versus NCS − molarity data and results of maximum-loading and spectroscopic measurements for the systems liquid anion exchangerCo(II)NCS − and liquid anion exchangerNi(II)NCS − are also reported. The sorption strength/extraction efficiency of the exchangers increases in the order Primene < Amberlite < Alamine < Aliquat. Increasing the acidity of the aqueous phase generally decreases the sorption/extraction of the complex metal—thiocyanato anions to a considerable extent. Sorption proceeds through anion exchange for all ions investigated. The Co(II)-containing species extracted into the organic phase is (R 3R′NH +) 2Co(NCS) 4 2− (R, alkyl; R′, alkyl or H). Nickel is present in the organic phase predominantly as Ni(NCS) 6 4−; however, depending upon the diluent used, Ni(NCS) 4 2− may also be present.

Indirect Pyrophosphate Determination by Atomic Absorption Using Copper(II) Ions and A Liquid Ion Exchanger

Abstract Pyrophosphate (5 × 10−6 M to 5 × 10−6 M in the final aqueous solution) may be determined in the presence of similar concentrations of phosphate, other condensed phosphates, or some other anions, by measurement of its inhibitory effect on the extraction of copper(II) by Amberlite LA-1 into MIBK or ethyl acetate. The copper extracted is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Extraction and separation of60Co and65Zn halides from H2SO4 with TBP and amberlite LA-2

A systematic study is presented on the extraction of60Co and65Zn bromides and chlorides from H2SO4 with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and Amberlite LA-2. It has been found that the presence of a little HBr or HCl enhances the extraction of the two isotopes with both solvents. The extractions of60Co and65Zn have been studied as functions of the acidity (HBr, HCl or H2SO4) in the aqueous phase, and of the diluent and solvent concentrations in the organic phase. The presence of water-miscible alcohols or acetone enhances extraction. A suggested extraction mechanism is presented in the light of the obtained results.

ChemInform Abstract: EXTRAKTION VON URAN(IV) AUS WAESSRIG‐ORGANISCHEN SALPETERSAEURELOESUNGEN MIT DEM NITRAT DES SEKUNDAEREN AMINS AMBERLITE LA‐1

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 5, Issue 19 Physical Inorganic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: EXTRAKTION VON URAN(IV) AUS WAESSRIG-ORGANISCHEN SALPETERSAEURELOESUNGEN MIT DEM NITRAT DES SEKUNDAEREN AMINS AMBERLITE LA-1 E. R. SCHMID, E. R. SCHMIDSearch for more papers by this authorE. JUENGER, E. JUENGERSearch for more papers by this authorE. KENNDLER, E. KENNDLERSearch for more papers by this author E. R. SCHMID, E. R. SCHMIDSearch for more papers by this authorE. JUENGER, E. JUENGERSearch for more papers by this authorE. KENNDLER, E. KENNDLERSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 14, 1974 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197419030AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume5, Issue19May 14, 1974 RelatedInformation

The qualititative chromatographic analysis of the platinum metals and gold on paper impregnated with amberlite LA-1 hydrochloride

Mixtures of Au(III), Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Os(III), Ir(III) and Pt(IV) were analysed qualitatively by reversed phase extraction chromatography on paper impregnated with Amberlite LA-1 hydrochloride and developed with 6 M HCl using the descending or circular technique or Matthias' method. The sensitivities of colour tests for the metalsinvestigated have also been determined. The time of analysis depends on the chromatographic technique applied and varies from 1 h (circular technique) to 3.5 h (Matthias' method).

Separation and Determination of FD&amp;C Red No. 4 and FD&amp;C Red No. 40 in Maraschino Cherries by Column Chromatography

Abstract FD&amp;C Red No. 4 and FD&amp;C Red No. 40 are extracted from a sample-Celite mixture in a chromatographic column by elution with a 5% solution of Amberlite LA-2 liquid anion exchange resin in n-butanol. The colors are extracted from the resin with dilute ammonia and then extracted into n-butanol. After evaporation to dryness, the colors are separated by Celite chromatography, using pH 1.5 HCl buffer as immobile phase. Red No. 4 is eluted with n-butanol-CCl4 (1+1) and Red No. 40 is eluted with a 5% solution of Amberlite LA-2 resin in hexane. The compounds are measured spectrophotometrically. Results on a commercial sample (5 trials) ranged from 74 to 76 ppm Red No. 4 and 72 to 81 ppm Red No. 40. Spike recoveries at various levels averaged 98% for FD&amp;C Red No. 4 and 95% for FD&amp;C Red No. 40.

The reversed-phase extraction chromatography of the rare earths, thorium, uranium and zirconium with a high-molecular-weight amine in sulphuric acid and ammonium sulphate media

The column chromatographic behaviour on silica gel impregnated with a high-molecular-weight amine, Amberlite LA-2 (SO 4 2−), of the trivalent rare earths and thorium(IV) in sulphuric acid and acid ammonium sulphate media was investigated. The distribution coefficients of these metal ions decrease with increasing concentration of the acid and sulphate, particularly in the acid system. The separation factor of thorium(IV) to the trivalent rare earths is large enough to separate two metals on the Amberlite LA-2 column in 0.025 M sulphuric acid-1.0 M ammonium sulphate solution. Thorium(IV), zirconium(IV) and uranium(VI) are adsorbed on the column in the same solution. Thorium(IV) is removed easily from the column by elution with 0.1 M sulphuric acid, while uranium(VI) and zirconium(IV) are strongly adsorbed. A separation procedure on the Amberlite LA-2-silica gel column was developed for the trivalent rare earths, thorium(IV), zirconium(IV) and uranium (VI), in which all four of the metal ions can be chromatographically separated by consecutive elution with sulphuric, hydrochloric and perchloric acids.

Die Extraktion von Uran(IV) aus w��rig-organischen Salpeters�urel�sungen mit dem Nitrat des sekund�ren Amins Amberlite LA-1

The distribution of U(IV) between methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic aqueous nitric acid solutions and the nitrate of the secondary amine Amberlite LA-1 in cyclohexane was investigated. The distribution of the excess acid and the alcohol (acetone) was also investigated. The U(IV) distribution data were correlated with 1) the content of nitric acid and U(IV)-hexanitratocomplex in the mixed aqueous-organic phase and 2) with the concentration of excess acid and methanol (acetone) in the organic phase. These correlations indicate that the extraction of U(IV) is mainly determined by 1) the shift of the complex equilibrium from the side of cationic species to that of neutral and anionic complexes and 2) the competition between these metal complexes and the acid as solvating partners for the extractant molecules. Spectrophotometric investigations show that in the organic phase uranium is present as a hexanitrato complex.

Reversed-phase extraction chromatography using Br −-containing eluants

Forty-three ions have been chromatographed on thin layers of silica gel impregnated with Alamine 336, Amberlite LA-1, Primene JM-T; Alamine oxide (AlamO), tri- n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or tri- n-octylarsine oxide (TOAsO), and on non-impregnated silica gel using aqueous HBr and acidified LiBr solutions as eluants. The R F spectra and a number of separations are reported. Percentage extraction versus M Br − data and preliminary results of spectroscopic measurements for the system: extractant—Co(II)—Br − are also recorded. The behaviour of each of the six extractant—Br − systems in investigated resembles that of the corresponding chloride system. The sorption strength increases in the order: Primene < Amberlite⩽ AlamO ⩽ Alamine. The strength of TOPO is comparable to that of Alamine for a large majority of the ions studied; the remaining ions are strongly sorbed on TOPO-impregnated silica gel, whereas sorption is weak in the case of Alamine. The behaviour of TOAsO distinctly deviates from that of all other extractants; the preferential uptake of a second molecule of HBr plays a decisive role here. Sorption proceeds through anion-exchange with the amines and, probably, also with AlamO. With TOPO, both solvation and anion-exchange appear to play a role.

Die Verteilung von Uran(IV) zwischen wässriger Salpetersäure und organischen Lösungen des Nitratsalzes des sekundären Amins Amberlite LA-1

The nitrate salt solution of the secondary amine Amberlite LA-1 in organic solvents extracts uranium(IV) from aqueous nitric acid solutions. The distribution ratio of uranium(IV) reaches a maximum at an equilibrium nitric acid concentration of 8.5M in the aqueous phase. Addition of n-octanol to the organic phase decreases, and the addition of nitrate to the aqueous phase increases the uranium(IV) distribution ratio. The extraction of uranium(IV) is fast and the equilibrium distribution is reached within less than one minute. At low uranium(IV) concentrations (<6·10−3 M) the distribution ratio is independent of the uranium(IV) concentration. At high uranium(IV) loadings of the organic phase an extrapolation gives a mole ratio of amine: uranium(IV)=2∶1. A double logarithmic plot of the dependence of the uranium(IV) distribution ratio vs. the LA-1 concentration in the organic phase gives a curve with a slope of two when polar diluents for LA-1 are used. This slope of two and the shapes of the absorption spectra of the organic phase from 400 to 700 nm make it very probable that uranium(IV) exists in the organic phase as a hexanitrato complex.

Chromatographic techniques using liquid anion exchangers V. H 2SO 4 systems

Using thin-layer chromatography on silica gel impregnated with Aliquat 336, Alamine 336, Amberlite LA-1 or Primene JM-T, and on non-impregnated silica gel, the behaviour of 25 ions in H 2SO 4 and sulphate salt systems has been systematically investigated. The chromatographic data confirm earlier work on liquid—liquid extractions regarding the sorption sequence of the exchanges. A number of successful separations is reported. Two general patterns of dependence of metal extraction on exchanger class exist, vis, the sequence primary < secondary < tertiary ⋍ quarternary (the sequence also encountered in monobasic acid systems); and primary > secondary ⋍ tertiary ⋍ quaternary. In the latter case, the low sorption strenhth of secondary-quarternary exchangers is attributed to steric effects.

The reversed phase thin-layer chromatographic behavior of the rare earths, thorium, uranium and zirconuim with a high molecular weight amine in sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate systems

Thin-layer plates of silica gel impregnated with a high molecular weight amine Amberlite LA-2, in the sulfate form, were used to investigate systematically the chromatographic behavior of the rare earths thorium, uranium(VI) and zirconium in sulfuric acid and acid ammonium sulfate media. The R F values for these metal ions decrease with increasing concentration of the acid sulfate, in teh acid system particularly. An interesting correlation is revealed between the R F values of the rare earths and the paramagnetic moment of the trivalent rare earths in the high concentration range of the acid and sulfate. An odd—even fluctuation of the R F values against atomic number is also found for the heavy lanthanides. Differences in the R F values of the rare earths in acid sulfate media indicate teh possibility of good separations of adjacent pairs or groups of the rare earths from each other by selecting an appropriate concentration of sulfate. The rare earths, thorium, uranium(VI) and zirconium can also be separated chromatographically with either 0.5 or 1.0 M sulfuric acid as developing solvent.