Alzheimer's Disease Sufferers Research Articles

UNLOCKING NEUROLOGICAL MYSTERIES: MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES to EARLY DETECTION of ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Dementia is a clinical illness that becomes more common as people get older. It is defined by a decline in cognitive abilities across several domains and eventually impacts everyday functioning. Consequently, this leads to a decline in autonomy, impairment, dependence on assistance, and ultimately, mortality. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is responsible for 50–80% of all occurrences of dementia, and its occurrence increases by a factor of five every five years beyond the age of 65. Given the availability of health data and the decrease in data processing costs, it is now feasible to detect Alzheimer's disease at an early stage. The objective of this study is to classify individuals as either Alzheimer's sufferers or healthy individuals by employing various machine learning techniques. The OASIS-2 dataset, which consists of longitudinal MRI data from both nondemented and demented older adults, was utilized for this study. Given its potential for early detection of Alzheimer's dementia, the study is anticipated to enhance clinical decision support systems pertaining to modifiable risk factors.

Corydalis ternata Nakai Alleviates Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease by Reducing β-Amyloid and Neuroinflammation.

Recently, natural herbs have gained increasing attention owing to their comparatively low toxicity levels and the abundance of historical medical documentation regarding their use. Nevertheless, owing to a lack of knowledge regarding these herbs and their compounds, attempts to find those that could be beneficial for treating diseases have often been ad hoc; thus, there is now a growing demand for an in silico method to identify beneficial herbs. In this study, we present a computational approach for identifying natural herbs specifically effective in treating cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) sufferers, which analyzes the similarities between herbal compounds and known drugs targeting AD-related proteins. Our in silico method suggests that Corydalis ternata can improve cognitive decline in AD sufferers. Behavioral tests with an AD mouse model for the confirmation of the in silico prediction reveals that C. ternata significantly alleviated the cognitive decline (memory and motor functions) caused by neurodegeneration. Further pathology analyses reveal that C. ternata decreases the level of Aβ plaques, reduces neuroinflammation, and promotes autophagy flux, and thus C. ternata can be clinically effective for preventing mild cognitive impairment during the early stages of AD. These findings highlight the potential utility of our in silico method and the potential clinical application of the identified natural herb in treating and preventing AD.

Herbal Components for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract:: Globally, there are around 50 million Alzheimer's disease sufferers worldwide, a number that is expected to double every five years and reach 152 million by 2050. Traditional drugs for cognitive impairment are only palliative and do not cure the disease. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by memory and language loss, as well as difficulties with visual orientation and greater executive function. The present study aimed to examine various causes, mechanisms, and roles of different herbal components in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Since ancient times, several different plants have been utilised to improve memory and treat various dementia-related issues. These anti-AD plants include a wide taxonomic range due to acetyl choline esterase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, neuroprotection, mitochondrial energy restoration, and/or precipitated protein clearance. Secondary metabolites of these medicinal plants may be used to treat AD. AADvac1 is an active vaccination that stimulates an immune response by attacking numerous critical epitopes in pathogenic tau variants, thereby preventing tau aggregation and reducing the development of neurofibrillary tangles. Herbal plants are widely used because of their perceived effectiveness, safety, and low cost. To summarise, the evidence supporting the use of herbal components is promising, but more work is needed.

Effect of ketogenic diet on alzheimer's disease to improve cognitive function: A literature review

Background: Alzheimer's is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia which is characterized by reduced cognitive function. Alzheimer's disease is a serious global problem because so far no effective treatment has been found to prevent it. Improving diet can be used as therapy to prevent cognitive decline. The ketogenic diet is one of the recommended therapies because it is neuroprotective.Purpose: To review several studies related to the effect of giving a ketogenic diet in improving cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's.Method: This study used the literature review method using the PRISMA protocol. Literature searches were conducted online, sourced from Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and SpringerLink databases by entering a number of relevant keywords. The key words are "ketogenic diet" AND "alzheimer's disease" AND "cognitive function" OR "improves cognition". The conditions for the inclusion of the reviewed articles are publications for the last five years (2018 - 2023), in English, open access, and include research articles or original articles. The feasibility of this study was assessed by applying the PICO framework, including the samples used were humans or experimental animals suffering from Alzheimer's, the sample received a ketogenic diet intervention.Results: Showed an effect of the ketogenic diet on cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients. There were four articles reviewed where all articles examined the effect of giving a ketogenic diet on cognitive function in Alzheimer's sufferers. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carb diet that promotes the process of ketogenesis. The resulting ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can meet the energy needs of brain cells and improve memory performance. The chronic effect of giving a ketogenic diet has been shown to increase cognitive test scores. However, acute administration of the ketogenic diet is still not known with certainty.Conclusions: The chronic intervention of the ketogenic diet has a positive effect on improving the cognitive function of Alzheimer's sufferers. The ketogenic diet has been shown to be safe, feasible, and recommended as a treatment method for Alzheimer's patients.

Wheat ergot fungus-derived and modified drug for inhibition of intracranial aneurysm rupture due to dysfunction of TLR-4 receptor in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of dementia that strikes elderly people more frequently than it does younger people. The cognitive skills and memory of Alzheimer's sufferers continue to deteriorate over time. Recent studies have shown that patients with AD have greater amounts of inflammatory markers in their bodies, which suggests that inflammation occurs early on in the progression of the disease. There is a possibility that Aß oligomers and fibrils can be recognised by TLRs, in addition to the microglial receptors CD14, CD36, and CD47. When Aß binds to either CD36 or TLR4, it sets off a chain reaction of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that ultimately results in neurodegeneration. Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease have both been recently related to TLR4. The activation of TLR4 has been connected to a variety of clinical difficulties that are associated with diabetes, in addition to the internal environment of the body and the microenvironment of the brain. TLR4 inhibitors have been shown in clinical investigations to not only lessen the likelihood of getting sick but also to increase the average longevity. In this work we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics modelling to investigate the effectiveness of FDA-approved antidiabetic plant derived drugs in combating the TLR4 receptor. Molecular docking experiments were used to make a prediction regarding the most important interactions involving 2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate. With a binding affinity of -8.26 kcal/mol, it stood out from the other candidates as the one with the greatest potential. To verify the interaction pattern that takes place between 2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate and the TLR4 receptor, a molecular dynamic simulation was run at a time scale of 150 nanoseconds. Because of this, 2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate was able to make substantial contact with the active site, which led to increased structural stability during the process of the complex's dynamic development. As a result of this, the results of our research may be relevant for future research into the efficacy of 2-bromoergocryptine mesylate as a potential lead treatment for TLR4 receptors in intracranial aneurysm rupture in AD.

Medicinal plants: A promising breakthrough in the management of Alzheimer's disease progression compared to than NSAID

Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease is currently limited only to slowing the severity of the symptoms felt by patients, not curing Alzheimer's itself. Current FDA-approved therapies such as Donepezil, Tacrine, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, and Memantine have quite disturbing side effects for Alzheimer's sufferers, as well as the mechanism of action of these drugs which is dominated by working as AChE inhibitors. On the other hand, the hypothesis for Alzheimer's causes is varied. Another study also states that the Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) can be given to people with Alzheimer's, this is pro and cons because in one study NSAIDs can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's progression through inhibiting inflammatory process on AD pathogenesis; on the contrary, other studies have argued that giving NSAIDs to Alzheimer's sufferers is not necessary. Despite administering Alzheimer's drugs and NSAIDs which have adverse side effects on long-term use as well as high doses, the administration of traditional medicines and medicinal plants can be a good solution due to lower side effects than common drugs, less risk, easy access and affordable. These medicinal plants have several mechanisms to counter the hypothesis that causes Alzheimer's disease.

Deep learning-based alzheimer disease detection techniques

Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common degenerative illnesses of the elderly worldwide. It is a progressive neurological condition that impairs cognitive memory. As a result, Alzheimer's sufferers struggle to recall daily activities, recollect family members, and solve logical problems. Medication which reduces the creation of proteins, block data communication between brain neurons and it can also delay the course of Alzheimer's disease. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) seems to be a common disorder that does not usually progress to Alzheimer's. It is difficult to find patients with modest cognitive decline who may acquire Alzheimer's. As a result, creating deep learning-based disease detection techniques to assist clinicians in detecting prospective Alzheimer's patients is crucial. The performance comparison of the Imaging, Electronic Health Record (EHR), and Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) datasets is evaluated using the metrics Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Multi Area. Different mistakes are added under the curves for gradient calculation.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Anxiety, Depression and Nursing Burden of Caregivers in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study.

BackgroundMany countries have adopted lockdown strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the pandemic on anxiety, depression and care burden in caregivers of nursing patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), over a one-year period.MethodsWe collected data on consecutive patients and their caregivers recruited at T0 (from 30 September to 31 December 2019) before the pandemic of COVID-19 at the memory clinic of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. The patients and caregivers were followed up on face-to-face at T1 (from 30 September to 31 December 2020) during the pandemic to assess changes in physical activity, social contact, sleep quality, caregiver burden, anxiety and depression.ResultsA total of 105 AD, 22 DLB and 50 MCI patients and caregivers were enrolled. A total of 36.6 % of the AD, 81.6% of the DLB, 38% of the MCI caregivers had worsening ZBI, whereas 31.7 % of the AD, 54.4% of the DLB, 26 % of the MCI caregivers had worsening GAD-7, and 29.6 % of the AD, 54.4% of the DLB, and 32 % of the MCI caregivers had worsening PHQ-9. DLB caregivers exhibited a rapid deterioration of ZBI (by 4.27 ± 5.43, P < 0.001), GAD-7 (by 2.23 ± 3.26, P = 0.003) and PHQ-9 (by 1.32 ± 2.25, P = 0.003) compared to AD and MCI caregivers.ConclusionSocial isolation, physical inactivity and sleep disturbance after lockdown for at least 12 months were significantly related to increased caregiver burden and worsened psychological states of caregivers of AD, DLB and MCI sufferers, especially among DLB caregivers.

IMPLEMENTATION OF WEARABLE DEVICE FOR MONITORING ALZHEIMER’S PATIENTS

Thousands of persons with Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive problems go missing every year. As a result, the person with dementia must frequently keep track of their current location. As a result, a dependable and affordable monitoring system is required to improve the quality of life of these individuals and their families. Individuals and their caretakers must be constantly monitored and cared for, as well as intervene and provide support, putting a great financial and human load on them. Interconnected sensing technologies, such as wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, offer a potential solution for objective, dependable, and remote monitoring, assessment, and support throughout one's lifetime, with the help of the environment. This suggested wearable device would combine GPS systems with a microcontroller to provide real-time monitoring of Alzheimer's sufferers when they leave their homes, ensuring their safety. The fall is detected, the caregiver is alerted, and emergency care can be given in the event of a patient collapsing. On the screen, there are also simple routine reminders.

Model Komunikasi Antar Pribadi Caregiver Dengan Penderita Alzheimer

Growing old is a natural law in the story of human life that is destined to live long, where physically as we get older, humans will experience a decrease in the function of tools, as well as the elderly who suffer from Alzheimer's.&#x0D; The purpose of this study was to find out communication techniques, types of message delivery and find out why interpersonal communication is important when there is a fight for family members who suffer from Alzheimer's, because each family has its own ways and habits in daily activities.&#x0D; The theory used in this study uses the theory of Interpersonal Communication, Symbolic Interaction, I-Thou Theory and Therapeutic Communication. The method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. A qualitative approach is considered. The method in this study uses qualitative methods, because research is a scientific activity that is carried out through a long process for the purposes of gathering information, drawing conclusions about certain phenomena in empirical symptoms.&#x0D; The results of the study It is necessary to have different communication techniques when dealing with Alzheimer's sufferers, communication techniques include informative communication, persuasive communication, command communication and human relations and these four components are one of the techniques used by caregivers. In addition to techniques in conveying communication, it turns out that the types of message delivery carried out by family members with Alzheimer's sufferers are also different, namely by using verbal and nonverbal communication, and the most important thing in dealing with Alzheimer's patients is to think of them like the elderly in general. , and in Communication Studies it is better known as interpersonal communication or face-to-face communication, where this communication is usually a series of message exchanges between two individuals, namely between caregivers and Alzheimer's sufferers and interpersonal communication becomes a very helpful communication activity between caregivers and Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's.

The Elderly Alzheimer Patient’s Portable Tools for Position Detection with SMS Notifications

In this study we propose a portable tool to monitor and monitor patients at risk of Alzheimer's. The aim of this research was design and make a useful tool to determine the position and condition of Alzheimer's sufferers. The research stages consisted of designing hardware, software and testing the whole tool. The patient's condition find out by an accelerometer sensor was used which read the values of the x, y, and z axes to determine the condition of patient normal or falling. This tool also have a panic button which use by the patient if he did not know his position and forget the way to go home and SMS notification will be sent to the colleague when this button was pressed. The results of the test show the device can send an SMS notification of the patient's position when the supervisor sends a sms "GPS ON” and the navigation module can determine the location of the position. The distance between reading position of the GPS module to the test point in average was 2.39 meters. Generally speaking, the tool can working properly.

ANALYSIS OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is referred to as one of the highest non-unusual neurodegenerative disorders that inflict eternal harm to the memory-associated brain cells and wonder skills. There is a 99.6 percent failure rate in clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease pills, perhaps due to the fact that AD sufferers cannot be without early-stage complications. This observation analyzed machine learning knowledge of strategies to use empirical statistics to forecast the progression of AD in the years of fate. Diagnosis of AD is often difficult, particularly at an early stage in the disease system, due to the degree of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is at this point where treatment is much more likely to be successful, so there will be great benefits in enhancing the diagnosis process. Research in this area aims to identify the most complex mechanisms directly related to changes in AD. Various imaging methods are used to diagnose AD, and image modes play a key role in the diagnosis of AD. This paper uses a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image to detect AD early. The PET image is often used to know how organs and tissues function in the human body. This research study analyses prediction approaches using various kinds of machine learning algorithms to solve AD diagnostic problems. Artificial Neural Networks are one of the many algorithms. Modern research has shown that deep learning is a proficient technique for solving numerous problems of image recognition, but most of these published approaches owe their performance to training on a very large number of data samples.

The effect of educational intervention by tele‐nursing on caregiver burden in family caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer's disease

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that 90% of people with Alzheimer's disease live in their homes. And in 80% of the cases, the burden of caring for these people falls on family members. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and evaluate intervention programs for home caregivers to prevent and relieve their caregiver burden. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention by tele‐nursing on caregiver burden in family caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer's disease.MethodThis quasi‐experimental study was performed on 44 home caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease in Neyshabur during In the first six months of 2019. The participants in the first stage were selected based on inclusion criteria and purposeful sampling method. In the second stage, they were randomly divided into intervention and control groups by by permutation blocks. For the intervention group, 6 weeks educational intervention was conducted through tele‐nursing. The control group received routine care. Data collection tools included demographic information form and standard Copenhagen Burnout Inventory questionnaire (CBI). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 and independent t‐test, paired t‐test and chi‐square tests.ResultThe mean score of total caregiver burden before intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.425). After the intervention, a significant decrease was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group (P &lt;0.0001). The control and intervention groups had a significant difference in the caregiver burden rating after the intervention (P &lt;0.0001).ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that training through telenursing is an effective and cost effective method of reducing the care burden of caregivers of older people with Alzheimer's disease. Since the issue of family care for Alzheimer's sufferers is a very sensitive and important issue for Alzheimer's policy makers and social service providers. And while this requires a great deal of cost and human resources, it can be suggested as a low‐cost and effective method of reducing the burden of care for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Insights from outside BJOG

Insights from outside BJOG

Don't forget astrocytes when targeting Alzheimer's disease.

Astrocytes are essential for CNS health, regulating homeostasis, metabolism, and synaptic transmission. In addition to these and many other physiological roles, the pathological impact of astrocytes ("reactive astrocytes") in acute trauma and chronic disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established. Growing evidence supports a fundamental and active role of astrocytes in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. With a growing interest in normal astrocyte biology, and countless studies on changes in astrocyte function in the context of disease, it may be a surprise that no therapies exist incorporating astrocytes as key targets. Here, we examine unintentional effects of current AD therapies on astrocyte function and theorize how astrocytes may be intentionally targeted for more efficacious therapeutic outcomes. Given their integral role in normal neuronal functioning, incorporating astrocytes as key criteria for AD drug development can only lead to more effective therapies for the millions of AD sufferers worldwide. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.

Maternal Food Memories in Lin Cheng-sheng's 27°C: Loaf Rock and Eric Khoo's Recipe: A Film on Dementia

Elderly mothers pick pineapple in Taiwanese fields and cook curry rice in a Singaporean hawker stand in Lin Cheng-sheng's biopic, 27°C: Loaf Rock, and Eric Khoo's telefilm, Recipe: A Film on Dementia, respectively. Both 2013 Chinese language films employ flashbacks to portray maternal food memories. Lin and Khoo depict food as comforting and possessing a unique ability to stimulate long-term memory to counter the short-term memory loss symptomatic of this form of dementia. The gustatory and the olfactory act directly upon the limbic brain, which houses emotions. In depicting Alzheimer's sufferers and their responses to food, 27°C and Recipe fight for causes. Lin calls attention to the marginalized in his portrayal of the mother succumbing to the disease from the perspective of her son—a character based on contemporary Taiwanese baker Wu Pao-chun, who overcame the adversity of impoverishment to win the world famous Master's de la Boulangerie and found prestigious eponymous bakeries. Parallel to its role in individual memory, food preserves cultural memory. Analogous to culinary arts, cinema, which is made for consumption, combines art and science, embodies culture, and incorporates tradition and innovation, as I show in this comparative study.

Amyloid β synaptotoxicity is Wnt-PCP dependent and blocked by fasudil

IntroductionSynapse loss is the structural correlate of the cognitive decline indicative of dementia. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers, amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregate to form senile plaques but as soluble peptides are toxic to synapses. We previously demonstrated that Aβ induces Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which in turn activates the Wnt–planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway to drive tau pathology and neuronal death. MethodsWe compared the effects of Aβ and of Dkk1 on synapse morphology and memory impairment while inhibiting or silencing key elements of the Wnt-PCP pathway. ResultsWe demonstrate that Aβ synaptotoxicity is also Dkk1 and Wnt-PCP dependent, mediated by the arm of Wnt-PCP regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics via Daam1, RhoA and ROCK, and can be blocked by the drug fasudil. DiscussionOur data add to the importance of aberrant Wnt signaling in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and indicate that fasudil could be repurposed as a treatment for the disease.

Searching for new pharmacological targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease due to increase gene dosage resulting from chromosome 21 triplication. Although virtually all adults with Down syndrome will exhibit the major neuropathological hallmarks that define Alzheimer's disease, not all of them will develop the clinical symptoms associated with this disorder (i.e. dementia). Therefore, a good understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome will be crucial for the identification of novel pharmacological targets to develop disease-modifying therapies for the benefit of Down syndrome individuals and for Alzheimer's sufferers alike. The study of biomarkers will also be essential for the development of better screening tools to identify dementia at its incipient stages. This review discusses the best-validated pharmacological targets for the treatment of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. We further examine the relevance of newly discovered biological markers for earlier dementia diagnosis in this population.

An Aberrant Phosphorylation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Tyrosine Regulates Its Trafficking and the Binding to the Clathrin Endocytic Complex in Neural Stem Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is likely caused by defective amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking and processing in neurons leading to amyloid plaques containing the amyloid-β (Aβ) APP peptide byproducts. Understanding how APP is targeted to selected destinations inside neurons and identifying the mechanisms responsible for the generation of Aβ are thus the keys for the advancement of new therapies. We previously developed a mouse model with a mutation at tyrosine (Tyr) 682 in the C-terminus of APP. This residue is needed for APP to bind to the coating protein Clathrin and to the Clathrin adaptor protein AP2 as well as for the correct APP trafficking and sorting in neurons. By extending these findings to humans, we found that APP binding to Clathrin is decreased in neural stem cells from AD sufferers. Increased APP Tyr phosphorylation alters APP trafficking in AD neurons and it is associated to Fyn Tyr kinase activation. We show that compounds affecting Tyr kinase activity and counteracting defects in AD neurons can control APP location and compartmentalization. APP Tyr phosphorylation is thus a potential therapeutic target for AD.

Health-related quality of life in community dwelling patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundGiven the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is a key object to explore broad outcomes, such as patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to other variables including the feeling of burden experienced by caregivers. MethodsValidated tests and questionnaires were used in this survey for the assessment of clinical variables of patients, the severity of the caregiver burden, and the measurement of the HRQoL of mild-to-moderate AD patients. This study was carried on also in order to evaluate the appropriateness of the questionnaires (DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy) utilized in measuring HRQoL in AD and of their capability to identify whether there is agreement between ratings obtained by patients and caregivers. ResultsThe amount of burden for caregivers was found to be positively correlated with several measures of cognitive, psychological, behavioral, and motor impairment of the patients. Carers evaluated HRQoL worse than AD sufferers. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the caregiver stress and severity of depressive symptoms in the patients. The DEMQOL-PROXY was found to be significantly correlated with the patient level of depressive symptoms. ConclusionsDepressive symptoms mostly worsen the caregiver tolerability of the patient mental impoverishment. It is of great importance to assess patients with mild-to-moderate AD carefully in terms of depressive symptoms because they may have a great clinical implication. There was relatively low agreement between ratings concerning HRQoL obtained by patients and caregivers despite the capacity of the questionnaire to yield many clinical shades concerning the patient HRQoL.