Aluminum Waste Research Articles

Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle Adsorbents from Waste Aluminum Foil and Assesses Their Efficiency in Removing Lead (II) Ions from Water

Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle Adsorbents from Waste Aluminum Foil and Assesses Their Efficiency in Removing Lead (II) Ions from Water

Investigation of various process attributes in an ingotless rolling-extrusion process imposed on waste aluminum alloy rods

Investigation of various process attributes in an ingotless rolling-extrusion process imposed on waste aluminum alloy rods

Uniaxial compressive response of cement mortar with waste aluminium fibre sourced from electrical distribution cables

Uniaxial compressive response of cement mortar with waste aluminium fibre sourced from electrical distribution cables

Sustainable transformation of waste Aluminium into high-performance composites: A review

Sustainable transformation of waste Aluminium into high-performance composites: A review

Innovative recycling and conversion of aluminum waste to hydrogen and aluminum chloride: Enhancing economic feasibility and sustainability in Saudi Arabia

The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Saudi Arabia have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly in recycling aluminum waste. This study explores an innovative approach for converting aluminum waste, specifically beverage cans, into valuable products such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and hydrogen (H2). The process involves the chemical reaction of aluminum with hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing AlCl3 and H2, and is modeled using Aspen Plus software. Two scenarios are evaluated: one without recycling and one incorporating recycling processes. In the first scenario, the direct conversion process yields 355 tons of AlCl3 and 9 tons of H2 per day from 100 metric tons of aluminum waste. The minimum selling price (MSP) of AlCl3 is calculated to be $764 per ton, with an annual profit of $25 million, assuming a market price of $1000 per ton. However, the economic viability of this scenario is highly sensitive to conversion efficiencies and market conditions. The second scenario integrates a recycling loop, processing 90 % of the aluminum waste back into aluminum, significantly enhancing economic stability. This scenario produces 35 tons of AlCl3 and 1 ton of H2 per day, with an MSP of $1068 per ton. Despite the higher MSP, the inclusion of recycled aluminum, sold at $2400 per ton, results in a higher annual profit of $38 million, demonstrating greater economic resilience and sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive techno-economic analysis, highlighting the dual benefits of waste reduction and resource recovery. By optimizing reaction conditions and incorporating recycling, the proposed process aligns with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 sustainability goals, offering a viable pathway for enhancing economic feasibility and environmental sustainability in aluminum waste management.

Removal of persistent and mobile organic micropollutants from drinking water utilizing a synthesized waste-derived adsorbent

Persistent and mobile (PM) substances refer to a wide range of organic micropollutants (OMPs) with high persistence and mobility in water. So far, only a few methods have been explored for the removal of PM substances from drinking water. In this work, a new adsorbent based on spent coffee grounds and aluminum waste was synthesized and utilized to remove 25 OMPs, including 22 PM substances, from drinking water. Different characterization methods, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), analyses according to Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were applied to describe the adsorbent's textural and structural characteristics. The results revealed that the adsorbent is highly effective in removing OMPs. Common OMPs (i.e. carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac) were completely removed from drinking water. Also, many of the PM substances were removed by more than 80% using an adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g/L. A strong relation between abatement of ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and OMP removal was observed. Therefore, UV254 abatement is a useful surrogate for a quick estimation of OMP removals.

Quality Assessment of Aluminum Alloys for Automotive Rims

Abstract This paper presents experimental research conducted at a factory specializing in the development of aluminum alloys and the semi-continuous production of bars intended for rim manufacturing. The semi-finished products are made of 6082 aluminum alloy and undergo forging processes to obtain rims. The charge load consists of various types of aluminum waste and primary aluminum in different proportions, depending on the quality of the waste in the experimental recipes. The elaboration of the aluminum alloy takes place in melting furnaces with a capacity of 80 tons, equipped with two chambers. The casting is performed using a semi-continuous casting installation, and the cast semi-finished products undergo further heat treatment. The casting process involves the addition of alloying elements, in the form of wire, which serve to refine the structure. Experimental data were processed, and correlations between the qualitative characteristics of the alloy and the elements in the chemical composition, as well as grain size, were analyzed. From the obtained correlation analysis, it is observed that the alloying elements refine the grain size, while the grain size and quality of the resulting product are of interest for industrial practice.

Effect of L-glutamic acid as hydrogen generation inhibitor on aluminum waste

Aluminum on reaction with water generates hydrogen, aluminum waste (AW) under moist condition causes hydrogen blast. To inhibit the evolution of hydrogen during the reaction of aluminum with water, environmentally friendly L-glutamic acid (GA)was utilized. The results of hydrogen generation experiment show that 0.3 g GA with 0.5 g AW and 0.5 g sodium borohydride (NH) has the ability to suppress the hydrogen generation reaction. The XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis indicate the presence of protective covering film of GA is formed on the surface of AW, blocking the reaction to occur between aluminum with water. This study addresses the lack of research on inhibitors for hydrogen fire blasts when removing wet aluminum dust.

Thin-walled aluminium waste remelting in circulation circuit with magnetodynamic pump

Modern technologies for remelting thin-walled aluminium waste are considered, and a new method to implement such process is proposed. This made it possible to increase the yield of a suitable remelted product to 83% from the mass of the initial remelting portion. The main idea is to use indirect heating of the charge. This will allow to significantly reduce the irreversible loss of metal due to burning which can reach 60%. In the proposed process, solid waste is melted by overheated melt stream. The movement of such stream is provided by the action of electromagnetic field. For the practical implementation of the offered idea, there was used a magnetodynamic pump (MDP) designed in the Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The MDP has a significantly higher heat and power factor than electromagnetic pumps of travelling magnetic field which are often used in similar technologies. Mathematical model of the remelting process of aluminium thin-walled and fine charge due to convective heat transfer was developed. On the basis of this model, an engineering calculation of the specific process of remelting used aluminium cans in the liquid aluminium stream was also carried out. The obtained results were used at further conducting a full-scale experiment. There is designed and successfully practically tested the experimental two-chamber circulation circuit with MDP for remelting thin-walled aluminium waste. Recommendations for further development of the proposed process were formulated.Graphical abstract

Influence of aluminum waste, hydrogen peroxide, and silica fume ratios on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of alkali-activated sustainable raw perlite based geopolymer paste

Geopolymer concretes have great potential in the sustainable construction industry in the future, as they can be produced without using cement and waste materials can be used as binders. This paper explores the use of sustainable, lightweight geopolymer pastes as construction materials using raw perlite as the primary ingredient. It achieves this by alkaline activation with additives such as waste aluminum lathe (Al), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and silica fume (SF). The experiments were conducted in four groups: Al added in the 1st group, Al + Silica fume (SF) in the 2nd group, H2O2+SF in the 3rd group, and Al + H2O2 in the 4th group. Apparent density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity tests were performed at 7, 14, and 28 days. SEM and EDX analyses were also conducted. The results showed that as the ratio of Al and H2O2, which have a aerating effect, increased, decrease in apparent density and strength was observed. However, when Al + SF were added together, significant improvements of 10%–20% were observed in compressive and flexural strengths, as well as apparent density. 35% water/pearlite ratio and 0.50% Al addition reduced compressive strength by 5% and lightened apparent density by 15%. At 40% water/pearlite ratio, 0.50% Al addition reduced compressive strength by 10% and lightened apparent density by 5%. According to these results, the best performance is obtained with 35% water/pearlite ratio and 0.50% Al addition Furthermore, the addition of lightweight SF resulted in good geomerization and reduced crack formation. This effect was evident in the internal structure based on SEM analysis. Interestingly, despite aluminum's overall high thermal conductivity, its incorporation into raw perlite-based pastes resulted in reduced thermal conductivity.

Effect of Recycled Fibers on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sand Concrete

Recycling waste in construction materials is part of a sustainable development approach aimed at creating new materials with characteristics that have been shown to be competitive with traditional materials. In this context, this study aims to recover steel, copper and aluminum wastes from blacksmiths’ workshops together with the reuse thereof in the form of reinforcing fibers in sand concrete. However, in order to assess the impact of this waste on the concrete properties, we introduced such wastes in the form of fibers at different proportions (0.4 %, 0.8 % and 1.2 %). Further, a series of tests was then carried out to determine the evolution of the concrete characteristics in the fresh state (workability and density) and in the hardened state (compressive strength, flexural strength, compressive strength obtained using a sclerometer and the speed of ultrasonic waves), as well as the concrete’s durability (absorption coefficient by immersion, by capillarity and the porosity accessible to water). In closing, the behavior of the concrete was assessed in the face of a chemical attack by H2SO4 and HCl by measuring mass loss. In virtue of thus, the results obtained demonstrated a positive evolution of certain properties of sand concrete as a function of the type and percentage of fibers incorporated into the composition of the concrete.

Effect of Continuous Casting and Heat Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled EN AW-2007 Alloy.

The growing use of aluminum and its compounds has increased the volume of aluminum waste. To mitigate environmental impacts and cut down on manufacturing expenses, extensive investigations have recently been undertaken to recycle aluminum compounds. This paper outlines the outcomes of a study on fabricating standard EN AW-2007 alloy using industrial and secondary scrap through continuous casting. The resultant recycled bars were analyzed for their chemical makeup and examined for microstructural features in both the cast and T4 states, undergoing mechanical property evaluations. The study identified several phases in the cast form through LM, SEM + EDS, and XRD techniques: Al7Cu2Fe, θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, and α-Al15(FeMn)3 (SiCu)2, along with Pb particles. Most primary intermetallic precipitates such as θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 dissolved into the α-Al solid solution during the solution heat treatment. In the subsequent natural aging process, the θ-Al2Cu phase predominantly emerged as a finely dispersed hardening phase. The peak hardness achieved in the EN AW-2007 alloy was 124.8 HB, following a solution heat treatment at 500 °C and aging at 25 °C for 80 h. The static tensile test assessed the mechanical and ductility properties of the EN AW-2007 alloy in both the cast and T4 heat-treated states. Superior strength parameters were achieved after solution heat treatment at 500 °C for 6 h, followed by water quenching and natural aging at 25 °C/9 h, with a tensile strength of 435.0 MPa, a yield strength of 240.5 MPa, and an appreciable elongation of 18.1% at break. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of producing defect-free EN AW-2007 alloy ingots with excellent mechanical properties from recycled scrap using the continuous casting technique.

Utilization of recycled coral sand and aluminum scraps in foam concrete: Preparation, insulation of environmental noise and heat, and pore structure

The utilization of industrial and marine wastes in building materials can significantly mitigate resource consumption and environmental hazards. In this study, the waste aluminum scraps and coral sand were utilized as foaming agent and fillers for foam concrete (FC) to address application challenges associated with industrial and marine wastes. Simultaneously, their impact on the mechanical property, heat and noise insulation properties, as well as pore structure of FC were investigated. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the mix design of FC. Heat and noise insulation characteristics of FC were tested by a visible infrared thermometer and a self-manufactured soundproof device, while the pore characteristic was analyzed by digital image processing technique. Additionally, the effect of foaming agents and coral sand on the internal pore structure of FC was studied by means of microscopic analysis(FTIR, XRD, SEM). The results show that foam content significantly influenced the performance of FC. As the foam content reached 15%, the compressive strength was the worst (ranging from 1.26 to 1.59MPa). Additionally, foam and coral sand inhibited the expansion of sulfoaluminate cement. At 15% foam content and 30% coral sand content, the thermal conductivity decreased to 0.082 W/(m·℃), representing a reduction of 52.5% compared to the control group. Regarding noise reduction performance, a foam content of 10% yields optimal results. The heat and noise insulation properties were both improved due to the enhanced porous structure of coral sand. However, excessive admixtures, such as 50 % content of coral sand, could weaken the strength by destroying the fine pore structure. Microscopic analysis further revealed that foaming agents could affect the hydration of cement with little impact on macro performance. Moreover, they also enhanced the toughness of bubbles and changed the surface structure of pore walls to ensure the integrity of the pore structure of FC.

Hydrogen Production from Aluminum Waste Using the Aluminum-Water Method with Potassium as Activator

Hydrogen Production from Aluminum Waste Using the Aluminum-Water Method with Potassium as Activator

Synthesis of industrially appealing low-silica zeolites using aluminum scraps and sand

In this study, Carbon footprint (CF) and hydric footprint (HF) were estimated for the synthesis of zeolite A and X using aluminum cans and sand as sources of aluminum and silicon, respectively. The fuse reagent prepared from sand, at 250 and 500° C, and the filtrated of fuse reagent product were considered as input variables in the experimental design. Aluminum waste, the mixture of aluminum waste treated with sodium hydroxide, and the formed Al(OH)3 were also considered as input parameters for the aluminum sources. Results showed that for obtaining of the fuse reagent based on sand, a temperature as low as 250 °C was sufficient to obtain the desired zeolites A, X and P without increasing the CF or the HF. The type of aluminum source did not display a significant impact on the CF and FH for the synthesis of the targeted zeolites.

Disposable Waste Aluminium Pan Derived Pseudoboehmite Nanoparticles for Concurrent Removal of Fluoride and Arsenate from Aqueous Medium

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of fluoride and arsenate in groundwater is a growing global concern owing to their synergistic adverse effect on human health. Thus, development of materials capable of capturing fluoride and arsenate simultaneously from aqueous medium is of much need. Moreover, it is a matter of great research importance to develop sustainable adsorbents by recycling solid wastes. Keeping this in mind, herein a novel pseudoboehmite nanoparticles (PBN) were synthesized by chemical valorization of disposable waste aluminium pan for simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenate in aqueous medium. The physicochemical properties of the material were confirmed using analytical techniques such as XRD, BET, FT‐IR, FESEM etc. Batch study confirms the maximum monolayer adsorption of 90.10 mg g−1 and 94.84 mg g−1 of fluoride and arsenate respectively, which shows comparable affinity of the material for both contaminants. The selectivity of the adsorbent towards fluoride and arsenate was further evaluated by set of kinetic experiments in both single‐ion and mixture‐ion environment. The synthesis of pseudoboehmite nanomaterial using disposal waste Al pan and its high efficacy for removal of fluoride and arsenic even in presence of competing anionic environments provide a new direction of waste management for sustainable remediation of groundwater contaminants.

Enhanced Hydrogen Generation through Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment of Waste Aluminum for Hydrolysis Reaction.

This study investigates the low-temperature hydrogen plasma treatment approach for the improvement of hydrogen generation through waste aluminum (Al) reactions with water and electricity generation via proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC). Waste Al scraps were subjected to ball milling and treated using two different low-temperature plasma regimes: Diode and magnetron-initiated plasma treatment. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted using powders with different treatments, varying molarities, and reaction temperatures to assess hydrogen generation, reaction kinetics, and activation energy. The results indicate that magnetron-initiated plasma treatment significantly enhances the hydrolysis reaction kinetics compared to untreated powders or those treated with diode-generated plasma. Analysis of chemical bonds revealed that magnetron-initiated hydrogen plasma treatment takes advantage by promoting a dual procedure: Surface cleaning and Al nanocluster deposition on top of Al powders. Moreover, it was modeled that such H2 plasma could penetrate up to 150 Å depth. Meanwhile, electricity generation tests demonstrate that only 0.2 g of treated Al powder can generate approximately 1 V for over 300 s under a constant 2.5 Ω load and 1.5 V for 2700 s with a spinning fan.

Synthesis of potash alum from waste aluminum cans for the purification of river water

Abstract This study explored the synthesis of potash alum from disposed aluminum cans for water purification. The effect of the labels on the cans on the yield of alum was also investigated as it is economically beneficial for industry. Single crystals of potash alum were obtained and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Through a series of jar test experiments, the characterized alum samples were used to purify river water samples. Some of the parameters investigated include; pH, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results show that the alum samples were able to reduce the turbidity by 100 % and substantially decrease the TSS, TDS and COD over the five-hour period of study. However, there were slight increases in acidity and EC which could be corrected by other methods

Aluminum Waste as Electrode for Home Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment using Batch Electrocoagulation Process: Studies on Operating Parameters

The manufacture of the Sasirangan home textile industry involves coloring and dyeing processes using synthetic dyes in large quantities. These contaminants of dyes and organic materials would cause high color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contaminants values. This study aims to characterize the wastewater of batik-modified Sasirangan and determine the effect of current density and length of operating time on color removal and reduction of COD in Sasirangan home textile industry wastewater through the batch electrocoagulation process. The method used in this research is an electric current flowing in the same direction to the Sasirangan home textile industry wastewater in a reactor with dimensions of 310 180 240 mm3. The electrode used is aluminum alloy type 1100. The aluminum/aluminum (Al/Al) electrode is used in this electrocoagulation (EC) process, then connected to a direct current (DC) power supply. The experiment was carried out at room temperature using an electrode distance of 2 cm with variations in the time of the electrocoagulation process for 15–120 minutes. The experiment was repeated for variations in pH (4–9) with a current density of 3.5–5.5 mA/cm2. Furthermore, an analysis of the color removal and the decrease in the concentration of COD was carried out. The results showed that the contaminant content in Sasirangan home textile industry wastewater decreased significantly, whereas the optimal conditions for the EC reaction were determined using color and COD removal efficiency parameters. The decrease in color and COD concentrations occurred at a current density of 5.5 mA/cm2 with a pH of 4 for 120 minutes, around 1110 PtCo and 90.4 mg/L of COD, respectively

Development of geopolymer mortar made from bagasse ash with waste aluminum

Geopolymer concrete is a type of concrete that is produced using industrial waste materials such as fly ash, slag, and other similar materials instead of traditional Portland cement. This research studied the variables affecting geopolymer mortar from bagasse ash mixed with aluminum scraps. The waste materials, bagasse ash (BA) and aluminium scrap (AL) were crushed to reduce the particles by grinding. An amount of ALU 0.01 – 0.15 wt% bagasse (BA) ash was added to the mixture. The alkaline solutions (AS) used to leach silicon oxide and aluminium oxide from BA were sodium hydroxide (NH) and sodium silicate (NS). The concentration of NH solution was varied between 7.5 – 15 molar. The ratio of alkaline solution to bagasse ash (AS/BA) was controlled at 0.50. Mortar samples were cast and cured at 60 80 and 100 °C for 48 hours. The results showed that the 10-molar sodium hydroxide solution tended to support the higher compressive strength. The highest compressive strength of geopolymer was found when using 0.04% aluminum scrap and curing at 80 °C. The additional water improved the workability of the fresh mortar, but the lower strength of the geopolymers was archived. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Do not use as a cementitious binder Reuse waste materials It is an environmentally friendly and sustainable material