Alumina Nanotubes Research Articles

Development and Characterization of Novel Green Cutting Fluids with Nano-additives

In this current investigation, novel cutting fluids developed through a unique combination of food grade emulsifiers, plant based additives (EA) and nano particles (NP) as cutting fluid additives in corn oil (CO) based vegetable oil. Five dissimilar corn-based green cutting fluids (CBGC1, CBGC2, CBGC3, CBGC4, CBGC5) were prepared by varying the weight percentages (wt.%) of EAs (5, 10, 15, 20, 25) with CO, and their thermo-physical properties were meticulously analyzed. Among these formulations, CBGC2 demonstrated superior lubrication performance, making it the most promising oil for further investigation. Subsequently, the effect of different NP was investigated by adding alumina (Al2O3), graphene (Gr) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) NPs in the CBGC2 solution in the ratio of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 in weight percent (wt.%) and the experimental results reveal substantial enhancements in thermophysical properties. Among various samples, the nanofluid containing 0.8 wt.% concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles in CBGC2 exhibited the highest viscosity. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid enhanced by 24.82% when 1.2 wt.% of Gr nanoparticles added oil compared to CBGC2. Furthermore, in tribological tests, CBGC2 with 0.4% Al2O3 exhibited the lowest frictional force among the prepared cutting fluids. The contact angle reduced to a maximum extent by 11.14% for cutting fluids containing 1.2% alumina nanoparticles. These findings suggest that these innovative green cutting fluid formulations with nano-additives hold great potential for improving machining processes in various industrial applications towards sustainability.

Impact of dual nano-enhanced phase change materials on mitigating thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery cell

Thermal management remains a pivotal challenge in enhancing the safety and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries, especially under conditions prone to thermal runaway. This study investigates the performance of dual nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) in moderating extreme thermal events in battery cells. By integrating nanoparticles, specifically alumina and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), into phase change materials (PCM), the study explores modifications in thermal behavior and phase change dynamics within a cylindrical battery enclosure. The research focuses on comparing the thermal performance of pure PCM and NEPCM, using two types of nanoparticles dispersed within the PCM matrix at various volume fractions. The findings indicate that NEPCM significantly improves heat transfer rates and accelerates the melting process. Specifically, NEPCM with 6 % SWCNT increases the melting temperature distribution by up to 15.27 % compared to pure PCM setups and enhances the liquid fraction by up to 66.54 % under similar conditions. The inclusion of SWCNT demonstrates a superior enhancement in thermal conductivity compared to alumina, leading to more effective heat absorption and dissipation. Liquid fraction analysis confirms that NEPCM configurations facilitate quicker and more uniform thermal behaviors, especially near the heat source. PCM1, positioned adjacent to the battery, exhibits an immediate increase in temperature and melting rate, significantly outperforming PCM2 in thermal regulation. This study underscores the potential of dual nano-enhanced PCM in improving the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries, particularly in scenarios at risk of thermal runaway. By optimizing the PCM formulation with nanoparticles, a robust solution is presented to control temperature spikes and improve battery safety and durability in challenging operational environments.

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Clay, Alumina, and Carbon Nanotubes Based on Epoxy Nanocomposites

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Clay, Alumina, and Carbon Nanotubes Based on Epoxy Nanocomposites

Innovative Nanostructured Fillers for Dental Resins: Nanoporous Alumina and Titania Nanotubes.

The possibility of improving dental restorative materials is investigated through the addition of two different types of fillers to a polymeric resin. These fillers, consisting of porous alumina and TiO2 nanotubes, are compared based on their common physicochemical properties on the nanometric scale. The aim was to characterize and compare the surface morphological properties of composite resins with different types of fillers using analytical techniques. Moreover, ways to optimize the mechanical, surface, and aesthetic properties of reinforced polymer composites are discussed for applications in dental treatments. Filler-reinforced polymer composites are the most widely used materials in curing dental pathologies, although it remains necessary to optimize properties such as mechanical resistance, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility. Anodized porous alumina nanoparticles prepared by electrochemical anodization offer a route to improve mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as to allow for the controlled release of bioactive molecules that can promote tissue integration and regeneration. The inclusion of TiO2 nanotubes prepared by hydrothermal treatment in the resin matrix promotes the improvement of mechanical and physical properties such as strength, stiffness, and hardness, as well as aesthetic properties such as color stability and translucency. The surface morphological properties of composite resins with anodized porous alumina and TiO2 nanotube fillers were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray chemical analysis. In addition, the stress-strain behavior of the two composite resins is examined in comparison with enamel and dentin.

Hybrid-Filler-Incorporated, Photocurable, Thermally Conductive Elastomers with High Stretchability and Self-Attachability

The thermal management issues caused by low-thermal-conductivity elastomers in flexible devices can be mitigated using thermally conductive elastomers (TCEs), which contain thermally conductive fillers. TCEs are usually prepared by solvent mixing and thermal curing, but these steps are also problematic as they emit volatile organic compounds and cause thermal damage, respectively. Furthermore, fabrication of a complex structure is strictly restricted in these steps. Therefore, we fabricated a TCE by photocuring and additionally imparting adhesive properties, enabling uniform heat transfer. White spherical alumina and black rod-shaped multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used together as a hybrid filler. The prepared TCE exhibited higher adhesive strength than a commercial TCE, especially in terms of its lap shear strength, which was 61.5-fold higher. Grid-patterned TCEs were successfully manufactured by photocuring with a masking film. This patterning can facilitate the fabrication of complex-structured TCEs by light-driven three-dimensional printing.

Systematic microstructure modification effect on nanomechanical, tribology, corrosion, and biomineralization behavior by optimized anodic alumina nanotubes coated Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Electrochemical anodization is a cost-effective surface modification method that has been used in recent years not only for creating protective layers but also for the fabrication of porosity in biomedical applications. This method allows for the optimized fabrication of self-ordered nanotubular or nanoporous oxide structures. In this study, the structural characteristics, mechanism, adhesion, scratch hardness, wettability, nanoindentation, wear resistance, corrosion behavior, and in-vitro bioactivity of aluminum/alumina (Al/Al2O3) nanotube coating on Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) were systematically studied. As the primary layer, a thin layer of pure Al was sputtered onto a Ti64 substrate via physical vapor deposition. Consequently, a dense and uniform Al2O3 nanotubes layer was fabricated as the second layer by anodization in a 0.35 wt% NH4F electrolyte solution (90 ethylene glycol:10 water) at 60 V (constant potential) for various durations, followed by optimization of the sealing to remove the oxide layer and transform the nanoporous into nanotubes. Optimized anodizing, sealing, and annealing resulted in a homogeneous nanotube structure with a mean diameter of 85 nm and a length of 1.58 μm. Systematic improvements in the adhesion, scratch hardness, nanoindentation, and wettability were achieved in each modification process. The corrosion rate and the coefficient of friction also reached 0.7297 × 10−1 (mm year−1) and 0.208 (load of 10 N) after 1 h of anodization and 30 min sealing followed by annealing at 450 °C, respectively. When a thick apatite layer with the desired Ca/P ratio was created on the annealed Al2O3 nanotube structure, an excellent improvement in surface bioactivity was demonstrated.

ENHANCING THE MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA-MWCNT HYBRID NANOFILLER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES

In this work, alumina and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid nanofiller reinforcing pure epoxy at varying weight fractions of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) w/% is investigated to enhance the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The porosity, tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity of epoxy hybrid nanocomposites are studied after the effects of the alumina-MWCNT hybrid nanofillers. The interfacial adhesion and mechanical interlocking between the hybrid nanofillers and epoxy are greatly increased with the addition of alumina and MWCNTs, thus leading to an improvement in the mechanical properties. Additionally, a uniform distribution of hybrid nanofillers results in a larger increase in the thermal and electrical conductivity. The presence of voids in specimens is gradually decreased when the nanofiller content is increased up to 0.3 w/%. The alumina-MWCNT reinforcement significantly improves the tensile strength, by 88 %, compared with pure epoxy. Similarly, the electrical and thermal conductivity increase by 85 % and 64 %, respectively, when compared with low weight fractions of the hybrid nanofiller. Agglomeration during the fabrication of nanocomposites is manageable but it is inevitable. During the formation of chains and networks, the alumina-MWCNT reinforcement of pure epoxy greatly influences the thermal conductivity. This strategy provides a prospective new concept for the use of epoxy and its composites in structural and thermal engineering applications.

A Study on the Effects of Hybridized Metal Oxide and Carbonaceous Nano-Cutting Fluids in the End Milling of AA6082 Aluminum Alloy

Finding an alternate solution for supplanting the existing conventional lubricant in machining is a challenge. This work narrows the search down to the use of nano-cutting fluids, as they exhibit excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity and good lubricity. A technical analysis of the performance of hybrid nano-cutting fluids in the end milling of AA6082 aluminium alloy in a constrained end milling condition is presented. Alumina and carbon nanotubes were chosen in this study for their better physical characteristics and compatibility during machining. Coconut oil was chosen as the base fluid (dispersal medium) as it provides good lubricity and better dispersion of nanoparticles due to its excellent rheological behaviour. The hybrid nanofluid was prepared by mixing alumina-based nanofluid with carbon nanotube nanoparticles in different volumetric concentrations. The thermo-physical properties of the prepared hybrid nanofluid were tested. Furthermore, they were tested for their spread-ability and other mechanical properties. Later, their performances as cutting fluid were studied with the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique, wherein nanoparticle mist was formed and evaluated in the end milling of AA6082 aluminium to reduce the quantity of nanofluids’ usage during end milling. The controllable parameters of speed, feed rate, and type of cutting fluid were chosen, with the levels of cutting speeds and feed rate at 75–125 m/min, and 0.005–0.015 mm/tooth, respectively, and the response parameters studied were surface roughness and tool wear. The results show that better performance is achieved in hybridized nano-cutting fluid, with a sharp improvement of 20%, and 25% in tool wear and surface roughness when compared to the base fluid. This study has explored the concept of hybridization and the capability of nanofluids as cutting fluids that can be used as eco-friendly cutting fluids in manufacturing industries.

Aluminum oxide nanotubes fabricated via laser ablation process: Application as superhydrophobic surfaces

Laser-induced surface structuring is a promising technique for the novel formation of nanostructures that can effectively be used to modify the surface and synthesis of nanostructures. Metallic and semiconductor oxide nanotubes presently have been attracted in an extensive domain of materials that range from optoelectronic, gas sensor, catalyst, and superhydrophobic surface applications. In this work, aluminum oxide nanotubes were successfully fabricated by laser ablation processes of a 40-nm gold nanolayer coated on an aluminum surface plate inside the ethanol. A continuous-wave fiber laser with a power of 40 W was used to create Al2O3 nanotubes. The electron diffraction pattern analysis of these nanotubes demonstrated that the Al2O3 nanotubes had a single crystal and hexagonal crystal structure with the lattice parameter of a = 0.432 nm as well as zone axis of z=12¯13¯. These nanotubes had a highly-crystalline structure with about 50–200 nm diameters, 10–50 nm wall thicknesses, and 5–20 µm length as well as open-ended. In addition, aluminum oxide nanotubes structures indicated a near superhydrophobic behavior with about 155° ± 2° as a contact angle using experimental and simulation approaches. Meanwhile, molecular dynamics simulation was applied to investigate the wetting property of the aluminum surface and the aluminum surface containing Al2O3 nanoparticles and Al2O3 nanotubes. The effect of the Al2O3 nanotubes on wetting properties was considerable compared to the Al2O3 nanoparticles. The growth mechanism of Al2O3 nanotubes was proposed and illustrated in detail. Also, the obtained findings of this work can be applied to superhydrophobic surfaces in industrial production.

Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Aluminum Single-Lap Adhesive Joints Due to Organized Alumina Nanotubes Layer Formation on the Aluminum Adherends

The present investigation aims to take a step forward for the transfer of a simple laboratory electrochemical method of surface nano-treatment of aluminum to industrial applications. The electrochemical method has been applied to process 1050A aluminum. Surface nano-structuring has been achieved and resulted in the formation of an organized alumina nanotubes layer on commercial aluminum plates used as adherends for the manufacturing of aluminum single-lap adhesive joints. The mechanical properties of single-lap aluminum adhesive joints constructed with both non-anodized and anodized adherends were investigated and compared. Two types of epoxy resins were used to prove that the anodization of the adherends is equally effective, independently of the adhesives’ type. Furthermore, three overlap lengths were used (7, 10, and 25 mm) to study the effect of the overlap length on the overall joint mechanical response. Results of both three-point bending and tensile–shear testing showed that there is a considerable improvement of the joints’ mechanical performance with the addition of the nanostructures, for all the overlap lengths. It was found that the anodization method greatly contributes to the strengthening of the joints, leading to a strength increase of up to 176% and 148% for the shear and three-point bending strength, respectively.

Formation of Alumina Nanotubes and Jet Effect during High‐Voltage Local Anodization of Aluminum

Using an improved heat sink from the barrier layer, the voltage of anodic electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in sulfuric electrolytes is successfully increased from the conventional limit of about 40 to 200 V. This is done by localization of the anodized regions within the windows in the niobium thin film masks with the diameters of 0.3 μm to 2.5 mm. High‐voltage anodization in water solutions of sulfuric acid is observed to be accompanied by a reproducible formation of densely packed alumina nanotubes and intense gas propulsion from the pores of the forming alumina. The latter is proposed and experimentally confirmed for use as an efficient driving agent in micro‐ and nanoengines. Test samples are accelerated to the velocities up to 1 cm s−1, demonstrating a thrust‐to‐weight ratio of about 1000.

Anodization of aluminum in a sealed container

Sealed anodization was studied for the first time in this paper. With the other conditions remaining the same, anodization under normal pressure was also carried out for comparative purposes. It was found that the pressure of anodization had a great effect on the morphology of the anodic alumina formed. Under normal pressure, we obtained alumina nanotubes with nanograss on the top. However, under sealed conditions, porous anodic alumina covered with a relatively dense film was obtained, with a length about 2.3 times that of the nanotubes obtained under normal pressure. These experimental observations are contrary to the traditional field-assisted dissolution theory, but can be explained by the oxygen bubble mould theory. It is assumed that the oxygen gas plays a key role in the anodizing process. With the generation of hydrogen gas at the cathode, the pressure in the sealed container gradually increases, with the result that the oxygen bubbles cannot easily rupture the anion-contaminated layer. The volume expansion of the oxygen bubbles in the channels promotes the rapid upward growth of the anodic oxide. These interesting findings contribute to an understanding of the formation mechanism of various anodic oxides and suggest more approaches to the anodization of metals in the future.

Preparation of alumina nanotubes for incorporation into CO2 permselective Pebax-based nanocomposite membranes

Preparation of alumina nanotubes for incorporation into CO2 permselective Pebax-based nanocomposite membranes

Entropy generation and heat transfer analysis of alumina and carbon nanotubes based hybrid nanofluid inside a cavity

This article presents numerical investigation of heat transport, flow and entropy generation features of hybrid nanofluid, made up of Aluminum oxide, single – walled carbon nanotubes as nanoparticles and Ethylene glycol as base fluid, inside a square cavity. The resultant non-dimensional equations are numerically assessed by employing finite difference technique. The variations in the scatterings of isotherms, streamlines and entropy generation with diverse values of radiation parameter volume fraction of parameter of alumina nanoparticle Prandtl number Rayleigh number volume fraction parameter of single—walled carbon nanotubes and magnetic parameter have schemed through graphs. Rate of heat transfer augments from 8.2% to 17.6% in the case single—walled carbon nanotubes of volume fraction 0.05 are suspending into the base fluid, whereas, heat transfer rate rises from 8.2% to 12.4% in the case of alumina nanoparticles of volume fraction 0.05 are suspending into the base fluid.

Radiation-induced effects on micro-scratch of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene biocomposites

Sterilization of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) based composites used for acetabular cup liner via UV or gamma-irradiation before surgery is inevitable. Thus, understanding the alteration of mechanical properties and wear resistance of cup liner via irradiation process requires investigation. This paper aims to understand the effect of UV (0.03 J/cm2) and gamma (25 kGy) irradiation on mechanical properties and scratch resistance of compression molded UHMWPE composites reinforced with alumina (Al2O3), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). After irradiation, nearly 100% increased crystallinity of polyethylene, due to recrystallization, helped in enhancing the hardness and elastic modulus by ~1.5 times compared to that of as-processed UHMWPE (Hardness: ~70 MPa and Elastic modulus: ~1.25 GPa). The recrystallization was not favored by the presence of nano-reinforcements in irradiated UHMWPE based nanocomposites, and caused deterioration in the mechanical properties. The micro-scratch results revealed the remarkable wear resistance (i.e., 1.5 to 2 times lower wear rate) of irradiated samples than that of as-processed samples. Mouse fibroblast L929 in vitro cell culture test confirmed the cytocompatibility of irradiated samples. This study indicated that the UV and gamma irradiated UHMWPE nanocomposites are the challenging candidates as acetabular cup liner.

Study of catalyst support utilization on ZnO-based solid catalyst to its activity at transesterification of Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) oil

ZnO-based solid catalyst was successfully synthesized with two types of catalyst support that is gamma alumina and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Those catalyst would be used to produce biodiesel from Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) oil via transesterification reaction. The aims of this study are to compare the performance of catalyst support that are gamma alumina and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for transesterification of Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) oil. The two kinds of catalyst are gamma alumina supported zinc oxide – copper oxide (ZnO-CuO/γ-Al2O3) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported zinc oxide (ZnO/MWCNTs). All of the catalysts were prepared by a combination of precipitation, impregnation, and gel process that familiarly called by Stober process. All of the catalysts, then were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption followed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) calculation and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The yield of biodiesel product has significantly different value which is ZnO-CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst can accelerate the reaction more effective than ZnO/MWCNTs catalyst. The yield of biodiesel reached above 80% while using ZnO-CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Contrarily, ZnO/MWCNTs catalyst only give biodiesel yield below 15% after 3 hours reaction.

Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance and Tribological Properties of LA43M Mg Alloy by Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings Reinforced with Alumina and Carbon Nanotubes

Magnesium is a suitable material for structural and aerospace applications owing to its high strength to weight ratio, yet the wide usage of Mg alloys is restricted due to their poor corrosion and mechanical properties. In this study, cold gas spraying method was used to produce pure Al, Al-Al2O3 and Al-Al2O3-CNTs coatings with feedstock powder containing Al admixed with 5 wt.% Al2O3 and 1 wt.% CNTs to improve electrochemical and tribological properties of Mg-LA43M alloy. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed for compositional and microstructural analysis of feedstock powders as well as coatings. Furthermore, corrosion properties of coatings were examined by photodynamic polarization, electrochemical spectroscopy and long-term immersion test in 3.5% NaCl solution. The obtained results were correlated with microstructural analysis and we found that reinforcement of hard particles, especially CNTs, resulted in better corrosion resistance of MMC coatings as compared to Mg substrate and pure Al coatings. Reinforcements of Al2O3 and CNTs also improved the sliding wear resistance of the coatings. Al-Al2O3-CNTs exhibited lower coefficient of friction and wear rate than the Mg substrate, pure Al, and Al-Al2O3 coatings due to the denser microstructure.

(Invited) Growth of Self-Ordered Porous Anodic Oxide Nanomaterials By Coupled Ion Migration and Viscous Flow

Porous anodic oxide (PAO) films are self-organized porous oxide nanomaterials formed by electrochemical oxidation. PAO includes porous anodic alumina and TiO2 nanotube layers. These films eventually evolve into a hexagonally-ordered array of parallel cylindrical pores or nanotubes of order 100 nm diameter, with a characteristic interpore spacing that scales directly with the cell voltage.We explore the roles of mechanical stress and oxide flow in self-ordering, through a modeling analysis of stress-driven viscous flow of oxide (1). The model is based on coupled viscous flow of oxide and stress- and electric field-driven migration of metal and oxygen ions (2). Stress at the film interfaces is generated by ion-transfer processes and relaxed by viscous flow, resulting in layers with elevated compressive or tensile stress within a few nm of the interfaces (3,4). Experimental evidence for these layers has been found from in situ stress measurements (5,6). We present linear stability analysis incorporating the surface stress boundary conditions in the coupled oxide flow-electrical migration model of Houser and Hebert (2).For porous alumina, the calculations reveal self-organized pattern formation with steady-state pore spacing-voltage scaling ratios that compare favorably to those found experimentally (1). The scaling ratios are independent of oxide viscosity or uncertainties in the values of any other model parameters. The stress driving oxide flow arises at the oxide-solution interface due to strong electrolyte anion adsorption, which blocks direct oxide deposition on the surface itself. New results for TiO2 nanotube layers are presented. Near-surface stress is not present in TiO2 nanotube layers (6); instead, compressive stress driving flow arises at the metal-oxide interface from the volume change upon conversion of metal to oxide.REFERENCES P. Mishra and K. R. Hebert, Electrochim. Acta, 340, 135879 (2020).J. E. Houser and K. R. Hebert, Nature Mater., 8, 415 (2009).K. R. Hebert, P. Mishra, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, E737 (2018).K. R. Hebert, P. Mishra, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, E744 (2018).Ö. Ö. Çapraz, P. Shrotriya, P. Skeldon, G. E. Thompson, K. R. Hebert, Electrochim. Acta, 167, 404 (2015).Q. Dou, P. Shrotriya, W. F. Li, K. R. Hebert, Electrochim. Acta, 292, 676 (2018).Q. Dou, P. Shrotriya, W. F. Li, K. R. Hebert, Electrochim. Acta, 295, 418 (2019).

Comparison of Ordering Characteristics of Anodicformed Nanostructured Aluminum and Titanium Oxides Coatings

This article is concerned with the analysis of ordering the arrays of TiO2 and Al2O3 nanotubes using the correlation-spectral methods. As the tools, the spatial Fourier spectrum and one-dimensional autocorrelation function of SEM-image have served. It was shown that the arrays of the aluminum oxide nanotubes can have a nearly ideal ordering on a small scale at the expense of two-stage anodizing. It this case, the degree of order depends also on the purity of initial aluminum and sample preparation method. The introduced characteristics can serve as the measures of the structure order-disorder sensitive to both type and degree of order as a whole and to configuration of structural elements themselves.

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and alumina nano-additives in a light duty diesel engine fuelled with schleichera oleosa biodiesel blends

In the present research, the efforts have been lodged to improve the combustion and performance characteristics along with exhaust emissions of diesel-schleichera oleosa biodiesel blends by adding nanoparticles of alumina and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The nanoparticles (np’s) were synthesized and their morphologies were characterized by using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques. Test fuels containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm dosage of nanoparticles were dispersed with diesel–biodiesel blends and were labelled as D80B20A50, D80B20A100 (alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles) and D80B20C50, D80B20C100 (multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)). The droplet size of test fuels was analysed by using a laser-diffraction based Malvern Spraytec set-up. Interestingly, nano-additive dispersed test fuels showed smaller droplet size due to the higher force of collision between the nanoparticles. Moreover, the engine trial showed up to a 2–13% increase in brake thermal efficiency and upto 5–60% drop in exhaust emissions for nanoparticles dispersed test fuels. Also, alumina showed better results than MWCNT in terms of higher thermal efficiency, lower specific energy consumption and lower exhaust emissions as compared to diesel. However, due to the superior sorbent of nitrogen oxides, the (100 ppm) MWCNT has resulted in a maximum reduction of NO emissions.