Aluminum Pan Research Articles

Disposable Waste Aluminium Pan Derived Pseudoboehmite Nanoparticles for Concurrent Removal of Fluoride and Arsenate from Aqueous Medium

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of fluoride and arsenate in groundwater is a growing global concern owing to their synergistic adverse effect on human health. Thus, development of materials capable of capturing fluoride and arsenate simultaneously from aqueous medium is of much need. Moreover, it is a matter of great research importance to develop sustainable adsorbents by recycling solid wastes. Keeping this in mind, herein a novel pseudoboehmite nanoparticles (PBN) were synthesized by chemical valorization of disposable waste aluminium pan for simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenate in aqueous medium. The physicochemical properties of the material were confirmed using analytical techniques such as XRD, BET, FT‐IR, FESEM etc. Batch study confirms the maximum monolayer adsorption of 90.10 mg g−1 and 94.84 mg g−1 of fluoride and arsenate respectively, which shows comparable affinity of the material for both contaminants. The selectivity of the adsorbent towards fluoride and arsenate was further evaluated by set of kinetic experiments in both single‐ion and mixture‐ion environment. The synthesis of pseudoboehmite nanomaterial using disposal waste Al pan and its high efficacy for removal of fluoride and arsenic even in presence of competing anionic environments provide a new direction of waste management for sustainable remediation of groundwater contaminants.

Performance comparison of three prototype biomass stoves with traditional and Mirt stoves for baking Injera

Abstract Background Injera is food consumed daily by Ethiopians like bread and rice in other parts of the world. Biomass stoves are used to bake Injera in most rural households. The unsustainable use of fuelwood causes deforestation. Improved cook stoves such as Mirt (name in local language) were introduced to replace traditional stoves and save fuel wood. This study presents a performance comparison of three newly developed prototype biomass stoves with traditional and Mirt stoves. The prototype stoves were made with a clay pan (designated MUC: Mekelle University prototype with clay pan), with a glass pan (MUG) and with an aluminum pan (MUA). Controlled cooking tests were conducted for each type of stove to determine the thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. Results The thermal efficiencies of the traditional, Mirt, MUC, MUA and MUG stoves were found to be 14%, 17%, 21%, 29% and 32%, respectively. Similarly, the percentage fuel wood savings by Mirt, MUC, MUA and MUG compared to the traditional stove were 32%, 48%, 64% and 67%, respectively. The results indicate that the prototype stoves had significantly better performance compared to the traditional and Mirt stoves. Conclusion The prototype stoves have the potential to reduce fuel wood consumption by more than half of that currently consumed employing traditional stoves. In addition to the economic benefit of saving fuel wood, the improved stoves will have significant environmental implication. Based on the fuel saving figures, it is estimated that 0.4, 0.5 and 0.52 tons/year of fuel wood may be saved per household adopting MUC, MUA and MUG stoves, respectively.

Penggunaan Bubuk Bentonite untuk Menjernihkan Solar dari Olahan Sampah Plastik dan Oli Bekas

<p><strong>Plastic to Solar (PLATOS) machine is a machine that processes plastic waste or used oil into fuel through a pyrolysis process. Based on observations made, pure diesel produced by the PLATOS machine has a very cloudy color or brownish black. Therefore, to get clearer </strong><strong>fluid</strong><strong>, a purification process is needed, one of which is by using bentonite powder. Bentonite powder used is Bleaching Earth Bentonite which can bind or absorb dirt and unwanted materials in oil or diesel, so that oil or diesel becomes paler and clearer. The heating method is used in the purification trial using a blow torch fire flame gun and an aluminum pan as a diesel fuel container. This study aims to observe the extent of the effect of using bentonite to improve the quality of diesel fuel that has been produced. The research was conducted by conducting 4 times the purification process with the same amount of bentonite and diesel weight of 20 grams and 1 liter. Based on the experiments that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the diesel produced has specifications that are within the limits of diesel specifications set by the Director General of Oil and Gas. Overall, the results of these specifications can state that the use of bentonite powder with heating methods up to 100o C can improve the quality of diesel fuel well.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords </em></strong><em>– Bentonite, Purification Process, Pyrolysis, Solar</em><em>.</em></p>

PKM Usaha Rumahan Pembuatan Jamu Tradisionil Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Produk

The home business of making traditional herbal medicine carried out by Mrs. Khasi'ah as a Community Service Partner whose address is Jalan Penjaringan 3 no.10 Rungkut Surabaya is a business that was founded 40 years ago. Mrs. Khasia'ah is an elderly widow aged 70 years who is able to live independently by making traditional herbal medicine (beras kencur, sinom, kunir asam, cabe puyang, suruh kunci, sambiloto, mengkudu laos) to be marketed around the village every day. The problem found based on observations from Wak Si''s traditional herbal medicine business was that the equipment for grinding ingredients (kunir, jahe, kunci, kencur, etc.) still used a mashing tool in the form of an ancient mortar which caused the process of making herbal medicine to take a long time. Apart from that, the process of making herbal medicine is that when it is finished boiling, it is placed in a bucket made of old plastic (not suitable from a health perspective). Problems also occur when selling around the village, namely the carts used to sell herbal medicine are rotten and the bottles used for herbal medicine are used mineral water bottles which should not be used again. The solutions offered to overcome Mitra's problems are: procuring a blender to mash the ingredients so that the process of making herbal medicine can be done in a shorter time, procuring an aluminum pan to hold the herbal medicine that has been boiled so that it is suitable from a health perspective, making a cart because the existing cart is already rotting, it's time to replace it. and providing drinking containers as a place for herbal medicine to replace used mineral water bottles so that they are suitable as drink containers. The results obtained from this community service program are that the process of refining herbal medicine raw materials can be done more quickly, the process of making herbal medicine is hygienic, adequate carts for herbal medicine and bottles for storing herbal medicine are suitable.

Pengaruh Jenis Limbah Aluminium Pada Proses Pengecoran Menggunakan Tungku Krusibel Terhadap Nilai Kekerasannya

Aluminum waste that has accumulated due to the widespread use of aluminum in household needs, daily life, and in the manufacture of industrial material components will have an impact on the environment if not handled properly. It is necessary to utilize aluminum waste in a product that has a sale value through a casting process using a crucible furnace. This research was conducted to determine the hardness differences of waste aluminum from used aluminum cans, used aluminum pots, and used aluminum wires melted in a smelting furnace. This study uses quantitative analysis and experimental research types. Tests carried out on this crucible furnace were carried out to determine the effect of the type of aluminum waste and the length of time it took to smelt the three types of material on the hardness results. The results of the Rockwell hardness test on aluminum can waste have an average value of 71.38 HRB, on aluminum pans waste it has an average value of 71.68 HRB, and on aluminum cable waste it has an average value of 53.02 HRB.

Crystallization of Amorphous Nifedipine Under Isothermal Conditions: Inter-laboratory Reproducibility and Investigation of the Factors Affecting Reproducibility

High inter-laboratory reproducibility is required for conducting collaborative experiments among several laboratories. The primary aim of our evaluation of the physical stability of amorphous drugs, conducted in co-operation with eight laboratories, was to establish a protocol for isothermal storage tests to obtain data of the same quality from all the participating laboratories. Sharing a protocol that contained the same level of detail as the experimental section of general papers was insufficient for high inter-laboratory reproducibility. We investigated the causes of variations in the data from the various laboratories and restricted the protocol step-by-step to achieve high inter-laboratory reproducibility. The various experimentalists had very different levels of awareness regarding how to control the temperature of a sample as the samples were transferred into and out of thermostatic chambers. Specific instructions on how to conduct this operation, such as regarding the time required for the transfer and thermal protection of the container during the transfer, helped to reduce variation. Improved inter-laboratory reproducibility revealed that the physical stabilities of amorphous drugs differed when samples were prepared in differently shaped aluminum pans designed for various differential scanning calorimeters.

Comparative characteristics of two methods for popping popcorn

Topicality. The comparative study on effectiveness of several methods of popping popcorn from Zea Mays L. everta Sturt. is important and relevant. Technological indicators of popcorn kernels depend on many factors, including the method of popping. Purpose. To compare the technological characteristics for popcorn kernels obtained by two methods of popping the grain: frying in a frying pan and heating with air-popping appliances. Methods. The initial material for research was kernels of popcorn lines bred by the Laboratory of Maize Breeding for Food Use at SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. According to the first method of popping, one layer of popcorn kernels were placed on an aluminum pan heated to 175 ºC and fried without oil, shaking the kernels every 5–6 seconds. For the second popping method, Clatronic PM 3635 electric popcorn maker having a capacity of 1200 W was used. Results. In the first method of producing popcorn, the dominant type of popcorn flakes was unilaterally expanded; the average percentage of unpopped kernels was 3.5 %; the coefficient of kernel volume expansion varied from 16.4 to 29.7; and eating qualities were from 3 to 4.5 points. In the second method, the dominant type of popcorn flakes was bilateral expanded; the average percentage of unpopped kernels was 18.2 %; coefficient of kernel volume expansion ranged from 23.4 to 45.2; and eating qualities were from 3.5 to 5 points. For the first popping method, the coefficient of kernel volume expansion had an inverse average correlation with the percentage of unpopped kernels; for the second popping method, it had a direct average correlation with the thousand kernel weight. Conclusions. The method of popping popcorn affects the technological indicators of popcorn such as the number, weight and percentage of unpopped kernels; volume and weight of popcorn flakes; coefficient of kernel volume expansion; type of popped flakes and flavor of popcorn. Lines RB 20, RK 1, RK 44, RK 6 with kernel volume expansion coefficient over 40 and popcorn taste qualities of 5 points were selected. Key words: breeding, line, technological indicators, coefficient of kernel volume expansion, unpopped kernels, type of popped flakes, correlation

Field performance of cryopreserved seed-derived tomato plants and post-thaw survival of viral-infected meristems

The effectiveness of different cryopreservation techniques of tomato meristems isolated from viral-infected plants ‘Irishka’ cultivar was determined. The pieces of stem were protected with dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol and cooled in vapour phase of liquid nitrogen (–170 °C). For the vitrification and droplet-vitrification protocols, the meristems were treated with loading solution and dehydrated with different plant vitrification solutions (PVS1 modified, PVS2, 88 % PVS3, PVSN). The samples were placed to sterilized aluminum foil pieces, in 1.2 ml cryovials or in 50 µl aluminum pans for differential scanning calorimetry and were directly immersed into liquid nitrogen. Acсording to the dehydration technique, the meristems were dehydrated with sterile airflow for 120 min. The post-thaw survival rates of meristems (from 34.2 to 78.5 %) were observerved only for 50 µl aluminum pans and airflow dehydration. We determined the productivity of plants, obtaned from cryopreserved seeds (‘Seven’, ‘Potiron Ecarlate’ and ‘Druzhba’ cultivars). We observed increasing in total and marketable yields for the plants grown from the cryopreserved seeds for all the cultivars. Total number of diseased plants decreased by 33 % for ‘Seven’, for ‘Potiron Ecarlate’ it did by 6.7 %, for that of ‘Druzhba’ the total percentage of sick and healthy plants did not differ after seeds cryopreservation.

Influence of sample measuring cell on isothermal crystallization of liquid crystalline compound forming the smectic CA* phase

ABSTRACT Crystallization of liquid crystalline (S)-4′-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-yl 4-[7-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy) heptyl-1-oxy]-2,3-difluorobenzoate in isothermal conditions is investigated by polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It is shown that the sample container influences the crystallization kinetics, as a faster development of the crystal phase is observed on microscopic textures, for a sample in an electro-optic cell with a planarly aligning polymer layer, than for a sample in an aluminum pan used in a differential scanning calorimetry experiment. However, in both cases the total time of melt crystallization in the 291–303 K range is shorter than 10 min. Only at the highest investigated temperature, 305 K, the crystallization process is completed after 1.4 h because of a long initialization time. The difference with the glassforming (S)-4′-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-yl 4-[7-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy) heptyl-1-oxy]-2-fluorobenzoate is explained based on the thermodynamic driving force of crystallization.

Development of Orodispersible Ibuprofen Tablets Based on a Polymer-drug Complex

Introduction. Orodispersible dosage forms are a very promising direction in the development of dosage forms. Such dosage forms are designed for both systemic and local action of the active pharmaceutical ingredients that make up their composition. Active pharmaceutical ingredients from orodispersible forms enter directly into the systemic circulation, bypassing the "first pass effect".Aim. Development of orodispersible tablets based on the Eudragit® EPO/ibuprofen polymer-drug complex and evaluation of ibuprofen release from the resulting system.Materials and methods. Samples of the polymer-drug complex (PDC) were obtained with different ratios of EPO and ibuprofen, as well as with different mixing orders. Turbidimetric studies to find the stoichiometry of the resulting EPO/IB PLC were performed spectrophotometrically (Lambda 25, PerkinElmer, U.S.A.) at a wavelength of 600 nm. Thermal analysis was performed by modulation differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) on a Discovery™ DSC instrument (TA Instruments, U.S.A.). Samples sealed in Tzero aluminum pans (TA Instruments, U.S.A.) were scanned in the temperature range from 0 to 250 °С at a speed of 2 °С/min. IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet iS5 FT-IR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, U.S.A.) with an ATR nozzle, in the range from 500 to 4000 cm-1. Drying of samples of complexes and dispersible tablets was carried out in a FreeZone 1L laboratory freeze dryer (Labconco, U.S.A.) for a 24 hours at a temperature of –49 °C and at a pressure of 0.350 mbar. The drug release was evaluated on a dissolution tester DT 828 (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany) in a volume of 900 ml, at 37 ± 0.5 °C and a blade rotation speed of 50 rpm.Results and discussion. Studies on the formation of PDC Eudragit® EPO/ibuprofen (EPO/IB) were carried out at various molar ratios. On samples of PDC and individual components, bands are observed that are characteristic both for EPO – at 2770 and 2820 cm-1, confirming the presence of non-ionized dimethylamino groups, and at 1725 cm-1, corresponding to the stretching vibrations of carboxyl groups. A new band is appeared at 1573 cm-1, which confirm the formation of ionic bonds between carboxylate groups of IB and ionized dimethylamino groups of EPO. The mDSC thermograms of the samples are characterized by a single glass transition temperature (Tg) at 27,3 ± 0,3 °С (for molar ratio 1 : 2) and 44,9 ± 0,4 °С. (for molar ratio 1 : 1), which confirm the formation of polymer-drug complexes. Received PDC Eudragit® EPO/ibuprofen in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 and oral dispersible tablets based on them by lyophilization. The resulting systems are characterized by immediate release of IB with maximum rates at 30 min for a 1 : 1 composition and 60 min for a 1 : 2 composition.Conclusion. Eudragit® EPO/ibuprofen polymer drug complex can be used to develop orodispersible tablets providing immediate release of IB.

Upcycling Polytetrahydrofuran to Polyester

Upcycling Polytetrahydrofuran to Polyester

Modeling of Adhesion in Tablet Compression at the Molecular Level Using Thermal Analysis and Molecular Simulations.

The molecular basis of adhesion leading to sticking was investigated by exploring the correlation between thermal analysis and molecular simulations. It is hypothesized that intermolecular interactions between a drug molecule and a punch face are the first step in the adhesion process and the rank order of adhesion during tablet compression should correspond to the rank order of the energies of these interactions. In the present study, the sticking propensity was investigated using ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and ketoprofen as model substances. At the intermolecular level, a thermal analysis model was proposed as an experimental technique to estimate the work of adhesion between ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and ketoprofen in a DSC aluminum pan. The linear relationship was established between the enthalpy of vaporization and sample mass to demonstrate the accuracy of the instruments used. The threshold mass for ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and ketoprofen was determined to be 107, 112, and 222 μg, respectively, after three replicate measurements consistent with the experimental results. Ketoprofen showed a 2-fold higher threshold mass compared to ibuprofen and flurbiprofen, which predicts that ketoprofen should have the highest sticking propensity. Computationally, the rank order of the work of adhesion between ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and ketoprofen with the metal surface was simulated to be -75.91, 44.75, and -96.91 kcal/mol, respectively, using Materials Studio. The rank order of the interaction between the drug molecule and the iron superlattice decreases in the order ketoprofen > ibuprofen > flurbiprofen. The results indicate that the thermal model can be successfully implemented to assess the sticking propensity of a drug at the molecular level. Also, a new molecular simulation script was successfully applied to determine the interaction energy of the drug molecule upon contact with iron.

Metagenomic tracking of microbial consortia of cassava flakes (garri)

The affirmation of several cross-sectional studies on the vulnerability of cassava flakes commonly called 'garri' to microbial attack has long been documented. However, longitudinal data on metagenomic tracking of microbial consortia of this important staple food are scarce. Hence, this study was aimed at tracking the microbial consortia of garri. A total of eight samples (four each from both Nigeria and Republic of Benin markets) were randomly collected aseptically using pre-sterilized aluminum pans and processed through a metagenomic approach, while both the chemical and proximate components of garri were assessed following standard techniques. The analysis of the taxonomic consortia of garri reveals the predomination of bacteria (99.82 and 99.81% for samples from Nigeria and Republic of Benin, respectively) while the remaining sequences matched with the Archae (0.07%), fungi (0.09%) and protozoa (0.09%). A large proportion of the sequences were unclassified at the phylum level (approximately 84.10 and 86.2% for Nigerian and Beninese samples, respectively). The reads of cassava flakes metagenome of both Nigeria and Republic of Benin exhibited analogous level of average GC content with sequence count of between 187773-213444 for samples from Nigeria and 157784-198763 for samples from Republic of Benin. The functional characteristics of the inhabiting metagenomes were found containing the genes encoding for adhesins, bacteriocins, resistance to antibiotics, toxic chemicals as well as toxins and superantigens. Both the chemical and the proximate compositions of the examined garri samples, though exhibited significant disparity, but without any apparent variation in the patterns of metagenomic data. Our findings however revealed bacteria as the major contaminants of these cassava food products.
 Keywords; Metagenomics, Microorganisms, Cassava flakes (garri), Proximate composition

P23 Accelerating and de-risking the production of paediatric oral formulations

Background & AimAs part of the EU paediatric regulation, the paediatric use marketing authorisation (PUMA) was introduced, with an aim to stimulate research in existing compounds that are off-patent and/or to help transform known off-label use into authorised use.1 However, success has been limited, with only a few products gaining a PUMA, such as Sialanar 320 micrograms/mL glycopyrronium (equivalent to 400 micrograms/mL glycopyrronium bromide). A distinct challenge to overcome in this area is the development of more ‘age appropriate formulations’, particularly with an excipient composition and load that is suitable for paediatric patients. This project aims to establish an excipient screening platform, supplemented with analytical characterisation of materials, which will act as a decision making tool to accelerate and de-risk the production of age appropriate paediatric medicines.MethodTo develop this excipient screening platform, a list of drugs that require an age appropriate formulation was produced using the ‘needs for paediatric medicines’ documents provided by the European medicines agency (EMA),2whilst common problematic excipients in paediatrics were identified using an EMA reflection paper.3 Literature and prescribing data were also reviewed to ensure drugs selected would benefit from an age appropriate formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine compatibility of selected drugs with widely used excipients was carried out using a TA DSCQ200 instrument (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE) with TA Instruments Universal Analysis 2000 software. Data was collected under nitrogen atmosphere (50 mL min−1) using pierced flat-bottomed TZero aluminium pans (sample mass about 2 mg) and heating rate of 10 °C min−1 in the range from 50 to 400°C. For samples containing both the drug and an excipient, 1 mg of each was measured out and gently mixed with a spatula for one minute.ResultsThe most common class of drugs identified as requiring age appropriate formulations were related to cardiovascular disorders and neurology, whilst the majority of drugs identified also exhibit poor aqueous solubilities. Some identified problematic excipients include ethanol, sodium benzoate and sorbitol; however, these excipients may still be used in paediatric formulations, as long as they are below certain concentrations (for example, ethanol concentration should not exceed 0.5% w/v for under 6 years old). Two drugs identified through the initial screening, carvedilol and nifedipine, were analysed by DSC, alone and then alongside starch from corn and starch 1500; the resulting DSC curves showed no changes in peak size, position (peak onset temperatures for nifedipine and carvedilol were observed at 173.2°C and 117.3°C, respectively) and shape, as well as no additional peaks, therefore suggesting compatibility between the tested samples.ConclusionThis first phase of the development of an excipient screening platform will continue to scan several different excipients with selected active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in order to create compatibility profiles. The excipient screening platform generated will accelerate and de-risk the production of age appropriate formulations, as it would allow screening for potential incompatibilities and acceptability, alongside informing formulation of appropriate oral paediatric dosage forms.ReferencesEuropean Commission. State of Paediatric Medicines in the EU. 10 years of the EU Paediatric Regulation. COM (2017) 626. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/files/paediatrics/docs/2017_childrensmedicines_report_en.pdfNeeds for paediatric medicines - European Medicines Agency [Internet]. 2019 [cited 28 June 2019]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/research-development/paediatric-medicines/needs-paediatric-medicinesReflection paper: formulations of choice for the paediatric population [Internet]. European Medicines Agency. 2019 [cited 28 June 2019]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/reflection-paper-formulations-choice-paediatric-population_en.pdf

Thermovolumetric and thermogravimetric analysis of diesel S10

The volatility characteristic of diesel fuel represents one of the most important properties, directly influencing its ignition temperature, thus being an important information for handling and storage safety. The ASTM D86 standard test method is the most commonly used to evaluate the volatility of a fuel at ambient pressure, being used in this work to analyze a diesel S10 from a Brazilian refinery. Thermogravimetric (TG) analyses and density determinations of the ASTM D86 distillation collected fractions of a diesel S10 were performed. TG analyses were accomplished in open platinum pans and in aluminum pans sealed with pinhole lids, from room temperature to 580 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1, using 50 mL min−1 of nitrogen, as the purge gas. Densities were measured from the respective masses and volumes of the collected fractions, which were used to obtain the corresponding distillation thermogravimetric (TG) and thermovolumetric (TV) curves, as a function of respective boiling temperature. The ASTM D86 results are quite like those obtained by TG/DTG curves of diesel S10, performed in sealed pans with pinhole lids. Due to the density evolution of the collected condensed fractions, the shape of the TV curve when compared to the TG curve may indicate the presence or absence of some typical organic classes usually present in diesel composition, which in the present case indicate that it is composed mainly by paraffinic components.

Experiment on Hardness and Impact Strength of Recycled Aluminum Alloys by Metal Casting Process

In this present work, the effects of recycled aluminum scraps on the impact and hardness properties and microstructures with a melting process are studied. The method was conducted to determine an impact toughness by Charphy pendulums; hardness materials by Vickers's test; and chemical composition by spectroscopy. Four types of aluminum scraps have been recycled using a metal casting process. They are beverage cans, aluminum profile bar waste, gasoline engine piston, and scrap pans. The results show that the maximum hardness obtained is 54.13 VHN on the material of the gasoline engine piston. The lowest hardness is 26.88 VHN which is obtained for pan aluminum recycle. The highest impact test result is obtained on an aluminum pan material which is 40.3 J/mm2 in average and the lowest value obtained is on the gasoline engine piston material which is 1.7 J/mm2 in average. The microstructure of the gasoline piston shows finer compared to the pans after cast.

OIL OF PANDAN KELAPA HUTAN (Pandanus jiulianettii Martelli): PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TOTAL PHENOLS, TOTAL CAROTENE, VITAMIN E AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Pandanus plant is one of the important plant in Papua and Papua New Guinea. Traditionally pandanus plant is used by local people for lots of daily activities and daily needs, start from food flavoring, medicine, to religious ceremony needs. Pandan kelapa hutan fruits (P. jiulianettii Martelli.) is one of a kind of pandanus that been used from generation to generation the highlands of Papua and Papua New Guinea for the food ingredients. This research aims to determine the physicochemical properties, total phenol, total carotene,vitamin E and antioxidant activities of the forest coconut pandan oil (P. jiulianettii Martelli.) extracted using an aluminum pan. Physicochemical character that been analyzed is specific gravity, iod value, saponification value, free fatty acid content, acid value and peroxide value. Total phenol, total carotene and vitamin E measured respectively using Folin-Ciocalteu method, spectrophotometry method and colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activities is measured using a method that called DPPH. The result shows the pandan coconut oil has 1,00059 of specific gravity, 65.87 g/100gr of iod, 201,28 mg/g of saponification, 4.26% of acid and 5.64 Meq/kg of peroxide. The content of total phenols, total carotene and vitamin E respectively are 48.55 ppm, 2.75 µg/g and 5.0303 mg/100g. The antioxidant IC50 measuring result shows the value is 45.83 mg/mL.

Correlation between Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Human Hair.

Context:Hair strength depends on integrity of protein structure, aging, and chemical effects and its exposure to mechanical (combing and curling) and thermal (hair drying and straightening) stimuli.Aims:The aim of this study is to correlate the mechanical properties such as tensile yield stress and tensile modulus of single hair fibers with thermal properties such as melting enthalpy and melting point obtained by differential scanning calorimetry.Materials and Methods:Single hair fibers covering seven decades of age were cut 2 cm above the scalp. Tensile specimens were prepared using single fibers with gauge length of 20 mm, and test was carried out with speed of 20 mm/min. For thermal analysis, 2–3 mg of hair samples were cut to 0.5 mm length and loaded in aluminum pan and heated at a rate of 10°C/min from 30°C to 280°C.Data Analysis:Tensile yield stress (determined at the onset of stress constancy at ~3% strain) and tensile modulus were determined using Origin software. The same software was used to plot the thermal data as heat flow (W/g)-temperature diagrams and to determine the peak temperature and peak area (melting enthalpy) by creating a sigmoidal baseline.Results:The typical values of tensile modulus, yield stress, and maximum stress obtained were 5.1 ± 0.5 GPa, 109 ± 9 MPa, and 161 ± 24 MPa, respectively. Further, typical values of melting enthalpy and peak temperature determined were 6.29 ± 0.20 J/g and 235°C ± 0.6°C, respectively.Conclusions:Mechanical yield stress and melting enthalpy were compared, and it was found that a good nonlinear (sigmoidal) correlation was obtained. The nonlinear correlation seems to provide an accurate representation of a composite keratin structure wherein the % crystallinity exhibits a range, and also, crystalline and amorphous regions are intertwined and intricate in nature.

사용 환경에 따른 캠핑용 조리 기구로부터 유해금속 용출의 변화

Hazardous metals leaching experiment was carried out in accordance with various usage environments for camping cooking utensils distributed in the market. There was a significant difference in the degree of migration for lead, arsenic, cadmium and nickel defending on the solvent and how to use, although they were all appropriate for criteria. In general, the migrated amount of aluminum was increased in acidic condition, and the migrated amount of arsenic was increased in salty condition. Physical scratches increased the overall release of hazardous metals from the portable pots and pans for camping in all solvents. Especially, in 0.5% citric acid solution, cadmium was migrated by physical scratch in stainless steel and hard aluminum pots and pans. The longer the leaching time, the higher the migration of aluminum in acid condition and arsenic in basic condition. From these results, it is desirable to use the cooking utensil for camping without being exposed to strong acidic or basic solution and scratches in order to reduce the migration of hazardous metals from them.

Thermal studies on Li(CH3CN)4PF6 and Li(C4H10O2)2PF6 complexes by the TG–DTA–MS and DSC

Li(CH3CN)4PF6 and Li(C4H10O2)2PF6 complexes are important intermediates created in the synthetic process of high-purity LiPF6 electrolyte via transformation method. The thermal decomposition behavior of as-prepared Li(CH3CN)4PF6 and Li(C4H10O2)2PF6 crystals in pure nitrogen atmosphere has been studied by means of thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG–DTA–MS). Results suggest that the decomposition of Li(CH3CN)4PF6 complex can be roughly divided into a three-stage process, and CH3CN is the primary gas product of decomposition process for Li(CH3CN)4PF6 in open Al2O3 pans. Further insight into Li(C4H10O2)2PF6 crystal indicates that it undergoes a similar decomposition process to Li(CH3CN)4PF6. Accordingly, the detailed deduction of the thermal decomposition mechanism formulas for them was presented in this paper. Besides, the thermal behaviors of Li(CH3CN)4PF6 and Li(C4H10O2)2PF6 complexes in hermetic aluminum pan were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).