Altruistic Attitudes Research Articles

Revisiting happiness at work within the hospitality sector: revealing the power of ethical leadership and group diversity

PurposeIndividual happiness at the workplace allows hospitality organizations to foster an optimistic work environment and endorse the well-being of their employees, which is essential for achieving long-term success. While ethical leadership has been verified as an interpreter of happiness, however, enhancing employee happiness at work remains a gap. The current study seeks to fill this gap by utilizing a multilevel model of the direct and indirect relationship between ethical leadership and happiness at work and also the mediation of group diversity in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved a cross-sectional study with a quantitative methodology. The authors collected data from 36 Jordanian hospitality teams. A total number of 960 participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The model of the study was validated by multilevel structural equation modeling, and the hypothesized relationships were tested using SPSS 26.FindingsResults showed that ethical leadership directly promoted happiness and indirectly through group diversity. Moreover, group diversity was found to mediate this relationship.Practical implicationsFindings propose that leaders within hospitality organizations can attain happiness at work by showing more ethical leadership. Practitioners within the hospitality industry likewise ought to recognize that promoting altruistic attitudes among followers is capable of guiding ethical leadership into happiness at work. Moreover, building a developmental culture is crucial for hospitality teams to reinforce the impact of ethical leadership on happiness at work.Originality/valueThe current study magnifies the leadership-happiness research by unlocking both the direct as well as indirect links, the mediation effect, between ethical leadership and happiness at work.

Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer.

Motivations to become psychotherapists have long been associated with the concept of the wounded healer, which posits that practitioners entering the field of mental health often do so as a result of their own personal struggles and challenges. Early difficulties and wounds are seen as a source of healers' capacity to comprehend and promote the processes of recovery, fostering a deeper connection between the healer and the person seeking support. Nevertheless, other factors not directly linked with early adversities have been posited to have an influence on the development of motivations towards pursuing a career in the psychological field. The present work aimed to review available empirical literature on the motivations to become psychotherapists, encompassing the concept of the wounded healer as well as other possible factors shaping practitioners' career choice. Three main domains of motivations have been addressed within the wounded healer framework: dysfunctional caregiving, negative personal experiences in the family of origin, and other early relational issues. Additionally, two other main domains, namely self-oriented and altruistic motivations, have been identified, and the concept of the healing healer was proposed to underline both the self-oriented healing process that a person may undergo while becoming a therapist, as well as the altruistic attitude in providing healing care towards others. Results were discussed addressing possible links between conscious and unconscious motivations to become therapists as well as in terms of clinical implications for practitioners in the field of clinical psychology.

Religiosity and Attitudes: A Study of Indonesian Islamic Primary School Students

The integration of religious learning significantly shapes students' educational experiences and character development. This study explores specific dimensions of religiosity in the attitudes of Islamic primary school students in Indonesia, focusing on awareness, initiative, and altruism. Using a qualitative design with a grounded theory approach, the research was conducted in 64 classes from grades 1 to 6, involving 1,920 students. Instruments included a guidebook of students' daily worship activities and teacher observations. Data were analyzed using NVivo 14 and Crosstab analysis. The findings reveal that students' external religiosity, influenced by their environment and personal motivation, leads to internal religiosity characterized by conscientiousness, initiative, and altruism. Conscientiousness reflects adherence to religious norms, initiative is shown through disciplined and pious actions, and altruism manifests in helping others based on religious teachings. The study concludes that the development of students' religiosity dimensions results from disciplined and continuous training supported by teachers and parents. The findings highlight the importance of ongoing attention and guidance in fostering altruistic attitudes. These insights have implications for educators, policymakers, and parents, emphasizing the need for comprehensive religious education that promotes ethical behavior and social responsibility. Future research should explore the long-term effects of religious education on moral and social development, its impact across diverse backgrounds, and the role of digital platforms in enhancing religious education.

Green Buying Behaviour: An Integrated Model

The pursuit of a sustainable world has today compelled both companies and individuals to scrutinize the environmental impact of goods and services. As a result, the field of green marketing, encompassing topics like sustainability, ecologism, and social impact, has gained significance. This study aims to explore the attributes influencing consumers’ decisions to purchase green products. The research builds upon an extensive literature review conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. The resulting model integrates the variables linked to green buying behaviour. Empirical analysis utilizing partial least squares (PLS) methodology validates multiple hypotheses, including those concerning personality traits, altruistic attitude, environmental commitment, and the influence of social factors. This study also highlights the intricate relationship between environmental awareness, positive attitudes towards green products, and perceptions of greenwashing. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the factors guiding consumers towards sustainable purchasing choices, shedding light on the intricate interplay of attitudes, influences, and perceptions in the realm of green consumption.

Purification of the subtle realm through yagya

Most of the problems of the present times may be attributed to the vitiated thought process and emotions of human beings. Be it the occurrence of physical or mental disorders at the individual level, or the problems in family, society, and the world, the root cause may be attributed to various kinds of vicious human tendencies like jealousy, ego, greed, discontentment, selfishness, etc. Although modern science now realizes the role of vicious human tendencies in the occurrence worldwide problems, yet, as of now, it doesn’t seem to have effective methods for the resolution of these vicious tendencies. Ancient Indian culture provides various methods for the resolution of vicious human tendencies, and yagya is one of the prime methodologies in this regard. Various aspects of Yagya deal with the development of righteous values and virtuous tendencies in human beings, through the cleansing of the subtle realms of consciousness (thoughts and emotions), as well as the subtle environment. The present article described various dimensions of the philosophical principles of yagya associated with the purification of the subtle realms, as well as their implications. The basic principle of yagya represents and develops altruistic feelings and actions. The development of altruistic attitude leads to growth of benevolent sentiments and compassion, which can prevent the arousal of criminal tendencies. An outlook based on the philosophy of yagya can resolve war-like tensions prevalent in the modern world; it can promote sincere discussion on issues faced by humanity and their resolution. The philosophical principles associated with the fire ritual of yagya promote cooperation, sharing and benevolence. Fire of yagya imparts six philosophical teachings through it physical and subtle conduct; adoption of these teachings in one's nature can awaken righteous tendencies, leading to all-round peace and well-being. Various other components of the fire ritual like the herbal mixture, mantras, prayers, etc. contribute in cleansing the subtle realm. Thus, the philosophical principles of yagya, associated with the purification of subtle realm, can be effective in the development of righteous values and virtuous tendencies in human beings, which in turn can lead to the resolution of various problems faced by humanity today.

Evolving Altruistic Attitudes towards Vaccination Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis across Age Groups.

Altruism plays an essential role in promoting vaccine uptake, an issue that came to the fore during the COVID-19 pandemic through discussions of herd immunity and altruistic motivations. In response, the primary objective of this cross-sectional survey was to explore how altruistic attitudes have evolved in the post-pandemic era and to assess their effectiveness in motivating vaccination behavior in different age groups. The study aimed to elucidate changes in altruistic motivations for vaccination and their implications for public health strategies. Using a representative sample of the adult population of South Tyrol, Italy, including 1388 participants, altruism was assessed in 2023 with the scales of the Elderly Care Research Center (ECRC) and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) subscale of the version 5F30F-R1. Its association with demographic variables, vaccination attitudes and personal beliefs in two age groups (18-69 years, 70+ years) was analyzed. The results reveal distinct predictors of altruism across these scales and age groups, suggesting a shift in altruistic attitudes towards vaccination when comparing data from a similar survey conducted in 2021 with the 2023 results. Consequently, the use of altruism scales for different age groups is warranted. This study highlights the need for further research in this field. It concludes that while promoting altruistic behavior to increase vaccine uptake appears to be effective primarily among the younger population, emphasizing personal safety is more appropriate for encouraging vaccination among older individuals.

Supplier–customer cultural similarity and supplier performance

Using a corporate culture measure based on the textual analysis of the Q&A section of earnings conference calls, we document robust evidence that similar corporate cultural values between supply chain partners improve the financial performance of suppliers. Consistent with the view that supplier–customer cultural similarity facilitates communication, promotes altruistic attitudes, and builds trust between trading partners, we find that culturally similar suppliers experience higher cost efficiency, fewer problems with underinvestment, and better innovation performance. Our results also indicate that cultural similarity benefits customers, although to a lesser extent. Overall, our study sheds new light on how inter-firm cultural similarity influences firm performance along the supply chain.

The effectiveness of guidance groups using educational cinema techniques to increase students’ altruistic attitudes

Effective educational cinema techniques can be employed in group guidance sessions for junior high school students, aiming to enhance their altruistic attitudes. This study seeks to assess the efficacy of utilizing educational cinema techniques in group guidance to promote altruistic behavior among junior high school students. Employing a quantitative approach, this research adopts a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. Purposive sampling is applied to select male and female students aged 13-14 in classes VIIIC and VIIID at SMP Negeri 2 Negara, with a focus on those demonstrating a medium-level altruistic attitude. Data collection involves construct validity and Cronbach's Alpha reliability. Descriptive analysis, encompassing mean value, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum values, is employed for data analysis. Hypothesis testing utilizes the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. The Wilcoxon test yields a result of 0.027 < 0.05 for both the control and experimental groups, supporting the acceptance of the hypothesis. The Mann-Whitney test reveals a result of 0.015 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference in altruistic attitudes between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, group guidance incorporating educational cinema techniques proves effective in fostering altruistic attitudes among junior high school students.

Altruism Viewed from Self-Compassion and the Role of Fathers in Students

Many pupils act alone, seem solitary, and do not depend on others. In this study, students of psychology of Universitas Diponegoro judgments of fatherhood and self-compassion are compared to their levels of altruism to see how they correlate. The idea is that there is a correlation between college students' levels of self-compassion, paternity perceptions, and generosity. 40 students on 4th semester from the Faculty of Psychology took part in this study. The self-compassion scale, the perceived fatherhood scale, and the altruism scale were all used in the data collection process. Multiple linear regression is used in the data analysis technique. The findings of student study must start to take on an altruistic attitude because they must be able to empathize with a difficult problem. With the ability to empathize, they find it simpler to approach and investigate the subject's concerns. Additionally, they must exhibit traits of altruism include a low level of egoism, a sense of social duty, and an internal center of control.

청소년이 지각한 공정성과 다양성이 직업가치와 이타적 태도에 미치는 영향

청소년이 지각한 공정성과 다양성이 직업가치와 이타적 태도에 미치는 영향

Berge equilibria and the equilibria of the altruistic game

Berge’s notion of equilibrium represents a complementary alternative to the Nash equilibrium when modeling socioeconomic behavior and human interactions. While the notion of Nash equilibrium is based on self-interest, as players seek to maximize their own payoffs given the action of the other players, the idea behind Berge equilibrium is mutual support, as given the action of one of the players, all others select their actions looking for her best interest. However, because of the demanding conditions involved, the existence of Berge equilibria is rarely guaranteed. In this paper, we propose vector-valued normal-form games as a unified framework in which to study and extend the concept of Berge equilibrium. Based on the equilibria of the so-called altruistic game, we introduce new equilibrium concepts which constitute different relaxations of Berge’s notion, although they still retain the underlying idea of mutual support. We establish the links between these new equilibria, Nash equilibrium, Berge equilibrium, and other related concepts already existing in the literature. Our approach has the advantage that it permits the incorporation of preference information to identify the equilibria which are consistent with different altruistic attitudes of the players.

Understanding altruistic behavior: The joint role of prefrontal damage and OXTR genotype

Altruism is a type of prosocial behavior that is carried out in the absence of personal benefit or even at an expense to self. Trait altruism varies greatly across individuals, and the reasons for this variability are still not fully understood. Growing evidence suggests that altruism may be partly determined by the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene, which regulates the emotions underlying altruistic attitudes, such as empathy and trust. Neuroimaging and lesion studies have also implied several higher-order brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, in altruistic behaviors. Yet the existing reports are contradictory and suggest that the top-down control exercised by the prefrontal cortex may promote both altruistic and self-interested behaviors and, thus, could obscure one's natural proclivity towards altruism encoded by OXTR.Here, we hypothesized that extensive prefrontal damage would result in an increased influence of the OXTR genotype on one's altruistic attitudes and actions. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 115 male combat veterans with penetrating traumatic brain injury to the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions, as well as 35 demographically matched control subjects without brain injury. Participants completed a self-report altruism questionnaire and were genotyped for four OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in prosocial behavior, including rs53576, rs1042778, rs2254298 and rs7632287.Consistent with the previous studies, we found that individuals homozygotic for the G allele of rs53576 and rs7632287 were significantly more altruistic than carriers of at least one “vulnerable” A allele. Remarkably, in patients with prefrontal cortex damage, greater lesion extent was associated with significantly lower altruism scores in carriers of the A allele of rs7632287, but not in G-homozygotes, suggesting that significant disruption of the prefrontal cortex increased the influence of genetic polymorphisms on prosocial behavior. This study presents the first account of an interaction effect between the OXTR genotype and the location and extent of brain damage.

Do individual PES buyers care about additionality and free-riding? A choice experiment

Based on a survey of the French population, this study investigates consumer preferences for forest ecosystem services (FES) provision towards efficiency and equity in the context of additionality, and differences in willingness to pay (WTP) for FES between a tax-based and a donation-based payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme. We show that consumers prefer equity to strict additionality adherence, with this preference being significantly stronger among females. However, consumer preferences are heterogeneous, and respondents with a closer connection to forests express the opposite preference. Regarding WTP, we find no systematic difference between the two payment vehicles, though WTP does vary depending on how respondents perceive potential free-riding. When considering that non-contributors also benefit from a particular PES scheme, a small group perceived this as unfair and reacted by reducing their contribution. A second, significantly larger group interpreted this as an opportunity to contribute to the common good and showed a higher WTP, indicating a markedly altruistic attitude towards FES provision in French society. We conclude by discussing the role of altruism in PES, the dilemma posed by the partial economic and legal incompatibilities of additionality and equity, and the environmental impact of environmental credits when credit buyers do not account for additionality.

Humility, Intellectual Humility, and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Altruistic Attitudes and Prosocialness

Humility, Intellectual Humility, and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Altruistic Attitudes and Prosocialness

The relationship between body donation and attitudes toward death and altruism in Changsha City in China.

In recent years, China has been facing a shortage of cadavers for teaching medical students. A better comprehension of the attitudes and factors influencing the general public's opinion toward body donation would be invaluable for planning and implementing body donation programs. Although altruistic attitude and attitudes toward death have received considerable attention in recent years globally, they have been largely understudied in China. Herein, the potential relationship between attitudes toward altruism and death, and willingness toward whole-body donation in a sample of university students in Changsha City in China were analyzed. A multi-stage sampling method was adopted to recruit 478 Chinese college students from two universities: the Medical College of Hunan Normal University (n = 272) and the College of Civil engineering of Hunan University (n = 206). The study participants were assessed by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R-C) questionnaire, and the altruism scale. Moreover, Chinese University students demonstrated moderate willingness to donate their bodies. The mean score of the willingness of study participants to donate their bodies was 3.138 ± 0.933 (5-point Likert scale). Acceptance toward death, gender, and type of university were positive factors, whereas fear of death negatively affected willingness toward body donation. Regression analysis showed that factors, including gender (β = 0.237), type of university (β = 0.193), natural acceptance (β = 0.177), and fear of death (β = -0.160) influenced willingness toward body donation. Overall, the present study provides hitherto undocumented evidence on factors influencing willingness toward body donation among Chinese university students, which can assist in designing public awareness programs for encouraging body donation.

Prosopography of Teachers' Roles as Change Agents in Riau in the Twentieth Century

This article analyzes the factors that have contributed to developing teachers' roles as agents of change in Riau in the 20th century. Teachers have played a strategic role in the past and have become an essential group in social and political life. Using the Historical Method and the prosopography approach, 25 biographies of Riau Province figures and the results of interviews with four informants were collected, evaluated, and analyzed. The research findings indicated that the role of teachers in Riau in the 20th century was crucial, and teachers were a productive group that gained trust, recognition, and respect during various periods of struggle in Indonesia. Teachers were able to maximize their role as agents of change due to the following factors: (1) their presence had become an integral part of the cultural and historical journey of Riau society; (2) teachers succeeded in developing their social competence, and their social role became ingrained in the collective memory of society; (3) teachers were intellectual elites with better family backgrounds, education, and experience than the general population; and (4) the dedication, altruistic attitude, and willingness of teachers were reflected in their personalities.

School Boarding and Students’ Prosocial Behaviors: Evidence from Rural China

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of boarding at school on students’ prosocial behaviors in rural China using data from the National Children's Study of China. The instrumental variable (IV) approach was used to control for potential endogeneity, and the IVs were the proportion of boarding students in higher grades and the school area per student. The ordinary least squares and IV estimates showed that boarding students exhibited more prosocial behaviors, including compliance with rules, positive traits, and altruistic attitudes. These results were robust. Heterogeneity analyses suggested that students from low‐income families, children who were not “left behind,” high‐grade students, and female students were more likely to benefit from boarding. We found that these effects were primarily due to boarding students developing stronger feelings of trust and support from their peers and teachers and participating in more school‐organized events and team activities.

The Relationship of Spiritual and Moral Qualities with Altruistic Attitudes and Subjective Well-Being

The author deals with issues related to such constructs, as ‘spirituality of the personality,’ ‘altruism,’ and ‘subjective well-being.’ The results of two empirical studies of the relationship of spiritual and moral qualities with (1) altruistic attitudes, and (2) with subjective well-being are presented and analyzed. In total, 262 people (students from Ufa) took part in both studies. The first study (Study 1) involved 141 people: 79 males (56%) and 62 females (44%), aged 18 to 24 years (M = 19.86; SD = 1.579). The second study (Study 2) involved 121 people: 32 males (26%) and 89 females (74%), aged 18 to 22 years (M = 19.29; SD = 0.961). The following techniques were used in the study: The Spiritual Personality Inventory by A. Husain and M. Anas (adapted in Russian by G.V. Ozhiganova); Altruistic Attitudes Questionnaire by M.I. Yasin; Satisfaction with Life Scale by E. Diener et al., and Subjective Happiness Scale by S. Lubomirsky (both of the latter techniques were adapted in Russian by E.N. Osin and D.A. Leontiev). Study 1 was aimed at identifying the relationship between indicators of the spiritual and moral qualities of a person and altruistic attitudes. The purpose of Study 2 was to find out a relationship (if any) between indicators of the spiritual and moral qualities of a person and subjective well-being. The research objectives were: (1) to establish the correlation of indicators of the spiritual and moral qualities of a person with altruistic attitudes and subjective well-being; and (2) to reveal the relationship of dif- ferent indicators of the spiritual and moral qualities with indicators of subjective well-being. The results of Study 1 showed a significant positive relationship between the spiritual and moral qualities and altruistic attitudes. Study 2 revealed a significant positive relationship between indicators of the spiritual and moral qualities and subjective well-being as well as with altruistic attitudes.

DETERMINANTS OF THE INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE IN WAQF: ALTRUISM, TRUST, AND RELIGIOSITY

This study aims to determine community groups' behavior in participating in waqf. One of the motives that waqf marketers must capture is altruistic behavior in waqf. Altruism is a feeling of wanting to prosper others so that personal interests are sometimes not always important. The feelings of people who always want to help others must be seen and converted into one of the marketing tools in the future. Religiosity is proposed as a moderation of one's altruistic nature in participating in waqf. This study uses the Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) model, with a total of 61 active waqf in Indonesia. The main finding revealed that altruism significantly affected trust, although it did not affect the intention to participate in waqf. Another significant result reveals that Islamic religiosity moderates the effect of altruism on the intention to participate in waqf if the customer (wakif) has felt trust. In this case, someone with a higher level of religiosity has a greater intention to participate in waqf compared to those with lower religiosity. The significant contribution of this research is the developed theory about the relationship between altruistic attitude, belief, and intention to participate in waqf. This study also recommends practitioners making marketing strategies (segmentation-targeting-positioning) that use customer journeys in altruistic and religious programs. The marketing program is structured in order to find the interest of new wakif candidates as well as to prove credibility so that it will gain trust and in the end will increase a person's intention to participate in waqf.

Перфекционистская самопрезентация и альтруистические установки в период взрослости

The problem of effective tactics of personal self-presentation in various situations of social interaction is becoming increasingly important. The phenomenon of perfectionism as a person's desire for perfection, exceptional achievements and admiration from others, is becoming increasingly common both in professional and personal spheres. Objective: to identify the relationship between perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes in different periods of adulthood. It is hypothesized that there is gender and age characteristics and the interrelationships of perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes during adulthood. The study sample consisted of 90 respondents (men and women) aged 20 to 75 years (Minsk). Three periods of adulthood were compared: early (20-40 years), middle (40-60 years) and late (over 60 years). To diagnose perfectionist self-presentation, the Russian–language version of P. Hewitt's Perfectionist Self-Presentation Scale was used (adaptation by A. A. Zolotareva); to determine the manifestation of altruistic atti tudes, the methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological attitudes of the individual (O. F. Potemkin) was used. The authors obtained the data on gender and age characteristics and interrelations of perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes during adulthood. Through altruistic actions, men strive to create an image of a perfect person, demonstrate socially desirable behavior (altruism as a secondary benefit and a tool for self-promotion). With age, the level of perfectionist self-presentation decreases, and the manifestation of altruistic attitudes increases, reaching its peak in late adulthood. Empirically, the authors proved the existence of a relationship between perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes during late adulthood (the willingness to act for the benefit of others, to patronize people who suffer or experience difficulties, is associated with the desire to receive admiration and approval from others). Interpersonal interaction is shown to be regulated by empathy as well as by image and reputation goals, and altruism is one of the tactics of impression management. Taking care of one's reputation, public opinion, and image are important reasons for benevolence and prosocial behavior.