Alternative Source Of Electrical Energy Research Articles

IoT Application for Monitoring and Recording Solar Power Plant Data

The availability of fossil energy sources to produce electricity for the purposes of providing electricity used by industry and society is increasingly limited. Alternative sources of electricity that do not depend on fossil energy sources as an energy source to drive prime mover generators for power plants have been mobilized and developed as alternative sources of electricity, one of which is solar cells. The use of solar cells as a device that can convert sunlight into electrical voltage and then store it in a battery, becomes an alternative source of electrical energy to meet various electrical power needs. Monitoring the current and voltage produced by solar cells is very necessary to find out how much power the solar cells we use produce. We can determine the intensity of light absorbed by solar cells by measuring light intensity. The goal of this project is to monitor and track the electrical power generated by solar power plants using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. A web server, an ESP32 to process data from the current and voltage sensors mounted on the solar cell and then transfer it to the web server, and a smartphone to monitor the current and voltage produced by the solar cell make up the built Internet of Things system. Smartphones can access the data that is sent from the ESP32 because it is saved on a web server. Data from measurements from the IoT system that we created for monitoring power on solar panels taken on 6 November 2023 until 12 November 2023 Obtained data of average/day 140.2VA and measurements of average light intensity 31,380 lux. This data describes the power produced per day from a place with the intensity of light received by solar cells to produce electrical power as a result of monitoring data from the IoT system that we developed. From the case above, the IoT system that we have developed can monitor initial data for a place where solar panels will be installed to be used as a solar power plant.

Skillion Roof Design to Get Optimum Solar Radiation in Yogyakarta

Electrical energy is energy that cannot be released from daily activities at home, all elec-tronic equipment requires electrical energy, one source of electrical energy is the electrici-ty company PT. PLN (Persero) and as an alternative source of electrical energy, a home can use solar panels installed on the roof as a small scale power generator or can be called Solar Home System (SHS), but electrical energy obtained is very dependent on the radia-tion received by the solar panels, therefore, to obtain optimum solar radiation, it is neces-sary to calculate the azimuth angle and tilt angle which can be used as a reference for in-stalling solar panels. So mathematical calculations are needed to calculate the maximum azimuth angle and tilt angle. Mathematical modeling is used to calculate solar energy in-stalled at coordinates 7.7° south latitude, in that coordinate, average solar radiation can get from Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency on horizontal surface, then calculation the declination angle, latitude angle, hour angle, azimuth angle and tilt angle to get value of incidence angle. Value of the declination angle, latitude angle, and hour angle are constant, while the azimuth angles divide into four directions, it’s 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° and the tilt angles are 20°, 25°, and 30° on skillion roof design. The results of the calculation and analysis of the movement of the sun for one year show that, by calculating the average solar radiation in a year, the roof of the house in the form of a skillion with an azimuth angle in the 0° gets the most optimal solar energy at an angle of 20° with an aver-age solar radiation of 442,96 W/m2 in one year.

Kajian Potensi Angin Laut Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan Pembangkit Listrik Pulau Kecil di Pesisir Utara Provinsi Papua

Kajian Potensi Angin Laut Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan Pembangkit Listrik Pulau Kecil di Pesisir Utara Provinsi Papua

Penerapan Bank Energi Surya sebagai Sumber Energi Mandiri untuk Penerangan Masyarakat di Dusun Batu Ampar Desa Mulyorejo

Solar Energy Bank is an activity of the Community Service Student Creativity Program (PKM-PM) in collaboration with Ayo Berbagi (ABG) partners and given to 24 houses of Dusun Batu Ampar RT 04/RW 17 which still do not have access to the PLN electricity network so that lighting conditions at night are very poor. The purpose of this program is to implement the Solar Energy Bank as an alternative source of electrical energy for night lighting with emergency lights and Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring systems. The program implementation method uses 3 implementation techniques, extension techniques through socialization, then science and technology assistance techniques include preparation and implementation activities, and the third is training and mentoring techniques. Benchmarks for the success of community services activities are measured by questionnaires given to society before and after implementation of the solar energy bank. Based on the result of the questionnaire, the implementation of the Solar Energy Bank has helped solve lighting problems, provided community service satisfaction and increased knowledge regarding the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source and skills in operating the Solar Energy Bank for the people of Dusun Batu Ampar RT 04/RW 17.

Prototype of Solar Cell Automatic Charging Handphone as Alternative Sources of Electricity

Electrical energy has not been able to adequately meet the needs of communication equipment in the remote areas,especially at a location far from electrical energy sources such as when conducting natural tourism, traveling to thebeach or doing mountain climbing. Utilizing solar cell as an alternative source of electrical energy will support themanufacture of automatic charger equipment that will be supplied to the load of handphone where the method used inthe charging process is constant current and constant voltage.This method uses LM317 as its main component. Thedesign of this tool uses two 3000 mAh capacity batteries that are assembled in parallel.Where the battery is flowingcurrent and voltage constantly so as not to happen overcharging.The circuit is controlled automatically using theArduino nano and is monitored via LCD.

FEATURES OF FIREFIGHTING ORGANIZATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANT

The article presents a description of solar power plants, which are an alternative source of electrical energy, the main types, as well as features of the organization and implementation of fire extinguishing in the event of a fire in these systems, associated with their inherent properties, dangers and hazardous factors.

Transition to alternative sources of electricity supply: diversifying the energy strategy in the Republic of Uzbekistan

In today’s world, the problem of energy security is becoming increasingly important. The issue of increasing energy independence and diversification of energy supply sources is becoming an important component of this problem. Transition from classical to alternative energy sources allows not only to reduce dependence on external suppliers, but also to improve the environmental situation. The article is devoted to analyzing the process of transition to alternative sources of electric energy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the conditions of constantly growing demand for electricity and irreversible depletion of natural resources, the importance of this topic can hardly be overestimated. The purpose of this study is to examine the theoretical and practical aspects of this transition, including not only changes in the energy sector, but also socio-economic, technological and environmental consequences of these changes for the country.

Poly(9-Vinylcarbazole)/Graphene Nanoheterostructure Interfaces: Ab Initio Dynamics Studies for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications

Polymer photovoltaics have great technological potential as an alternative source of electrical energy. The demand for inexpensive, renewable energy sources drives new approaches to produce low-cost polymer solar cells. In the last decade, the development of these solar cells has progressed rapidly. One of the limiting parameters of these polymer photovoltaics is the mismatch between their absorption spectrum and the terrestrial solar spectrum. Using low-band-gap polymers is a viable method to expand the absorption spectrum of solar cells and increase their efficiency. We report first-principles calculations on the binding of Poly(9-vinylcarbazole), PVK, to graphene. Considering the different relative orientations of the subsystems, our calculations predict reasonable binding energies, demonstrating interactions between the polymer and graphene. The band gap value we have calculated in this work is low enough to make the nanoheterostructure exceedingly promising for photovoltaic applications.

Use of Ambon Banana Peel Solution As a 12 Volt Accumulator Charging Electrolyte

There are so many natural resources that have not been used as a source of electrical energy, one of which is a material that can be used as an alternative source of electrical energy, namely banana peel, a material that is very easy to find in the surrounding environment. It contains carbohydrates and is rich in minerals such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride, calcium, and iron. Carbohydrates contain glucose, when glucose is mixed with water and left in an airtight space for several days, fermentation will occur so that ethanol can be obtained. Ethanol will eventually be oxidized to an acid electrolyte. The purpose of this research is tomeasuring the value of no-load voltage, load and load current. The composition of the Ambon banana peel solution consists of water and banana peel which is divided into three groups A1, B1 and C1, with a long fermentation time of 18 days or 360 hours. The results of the measurements in this study with three different compositions obtained the highest value, namely the composition of C1 with a no-load voltage value of 9.53 Volts, a load of 8.66 Volts and a load current of 13.24 mA

Indonesia-Finland Renewable Energy Development Cooperation

As the largest archipelagic country globally, Indonesia requires much energy to develop and preserve development and its natural wealth. As a biologically rich country, Indonesia has eight (8) renewable energy sources that must be processed and then utilised for maximum energy fulfilment throughout the archipelago and must be adjusted to its geographical specifications. The declaration of cooperation between Indonesia and Finland was signed by diversifying renewable energy sources from solar energy, bioenergy, and ocean wave energy. The implementation based on the MoU is the first to develop practical and environmentally sound technology using wind energy and ocean wave energy. The application of ocean wave energy as an alternative source of electrical energy by using technology. Second, the development of natural resources and technology in the electricity sector. This condition is done by building a micro hydropower plant. This research shows that cooperation between the two countries is quite effective. Both countries depend on each other to fulfil their respective interests. Because of that, there has been an effect between countries to re-enhance cooperation in the energy sector for a relatively long period, starting again from 2011–to 2014.

Оценка возможности применения альтернативных источников электрической энергии для питания собственных нужд тяговых подстанций дистанции электроснабжения на примере ЭЧЭ-20 «Броневая»

Objective: To assess the possibility of using alternative sources of electrical energy to power auxiliaries of traction substations of power supply divisions on the example of ECHE-20 “Bronevayaˮ. Methods: Alternative energy is used on the railways. Results: Equipment was selected and a solar power plant was designed, economic effi ciency from the introduction of an alternative energy source and its payback period were calculated. Practical importance: The designed alternative source of electrical energy makes it possible to increase the energy effi ciency indicators of production processes of railway transport

Analysis of Electrical Energy Contained in Vegetables

This study aims to determine the source of electrical energy in potatoes and lime. The method used is based on the principle that the salt content in potatoes is a solution, where salt is the solute and water is the solvent, so the ions can move freely. The movement of the ions in the potato can conduct electricity. For the contained acid lime affects the hardness of the composite, which affects the matrix and filler bonds. oxalic acid, which is in lime juice, is a type of electrolyte solution. In a voltaic cell, the electrolyte solution can function to deliver ions from the anode to the cathode so that it can produce electrical energy. Electrical energy is energy that is very important in life. Electrical energy is a basic human need so that potatoes and lime can be used as an alternative source of electrical energy.

Optimization of Water Falling Points in Micro Hydro Power Plants

Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) is an alternative source of electrical energy for the community. PLTMH provides many benefits, especially for rural communities throughout Indonesia. When other energy sources start to run low and have a negative impact, water becomes a very important source of energy because it can be used as an energy source. PLTMH is a small-scale power plant that uses hydropower as its driving force such as irrigation channels, rivers, or natural waterfalls by utilizing the waterfall height (head) and the amount of water discharge. In rivers, there is the potential for sufficient water availability throughout the year, reliable discharge, suitable contours, and has been used for MHP. However, this river has decreased the electrical power it produces. Therefore, in this PLTMH river, it is necessary to analyze and recalculate the electric power generated by optimizing the water drop point, using an 8-inch pipe to produce a tangential force of 814.28 N, then using a 3-inch pipe to produce a tangential force of 100, 62 N and using a 2-inch pipe produces a tangential force of 25.37 N.

Sustainable resources management to support Sei Mangkei SEZ as an eco-industrial park

Sei Mangkei SEZ as an eco-industrial park with the development of downstream of natural resources resulting from plantations in North Sumatra, especially oil palm and rubber, emphasizes the principle of sustainability and environmentally friendly in exploring natural resources into quality ready-made products. The need for energy is very necessary to support the development of the region, region’s ability to provide energy independently is still limited to using of oil palm empty fruit bunches as an alternative source of electricity in the palm oil mill. The use of by-products is one aspect of sustainability that has been done in the Sei Mangkei SEZ. However, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to meet the energy needs of the Sei Mangkei SEZ as a whole so that the area’s operations can proceed as expected. This paper is written with a qualitative approach and then analysed descriptively to obtain renewable energy management to be applied to the Sei Mangkei SEZ. The research informants were the managers of the Sei Mangkei SEZ, namely: the administrator of the Sei Mangkei SEZ, PTPN III, and PT. Kinra. This paper will present the available energy sources, energy management problems, and appropriate energy management advice. Primary data were obtained from interviews and documents, as for secondary data obtained from previous research reports, articles from relevant journals, and regulations that support the application of sustainable energy management in the Sei Mangkei SEZ. This paper concludes that SEZ Sei Mangkei has implemented the principle of the eco-industrial park and can develop as planned. An alternative to meet the needs of electrical energy in Sei Mangkei SEZ are obtained from biomass power energy, namely: shells, empty fruit bunches, palm oil mill liquid waste, and domestic solid waste. This research suggests that biomass energy as an alternative source of electrical energy needs to be applied as soon as possible before the area operates optimally, and the demand for electrical energy is increasing.

Development of an Energy System at a Railway Station Using a Gas Turbine Power Station

The development of heavy traffic on the railways leads to the restriction of the passage of trains in small sections. Because of this, the restriction in movement occurs throughout the stage between stations of formation. In this case, alternative sources of electric energy should be sought to power a section of the traction power supply system. It is proposed to use gas turbine installations as such sources. The advantage of using an additional source of electricity in a direct current system is that this source does not need to be coordinated in frequency and phase of the generated voltage with the voltage in the contact network. One of the options for implementing a gas turbine power plant for the needs of the railway involves the use of C1000 Capstone gas turbine power installations. As a result of the installation of a gas turbine installation for power supply to the traction substation, the problem of lack of power for heavy trains will be solved, which will increase the freight turnover of the section and, consequently, increase the maximum profit growth from the development of additional traffic volumes. The gas turbine power installation itself can be fully paid back after 4-6 years after putting it into operation. Thus, connecting of C1000 power installations at a sectioning station is a promising and profitable way to increase the section throughput.

Penggunaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Sebagai Sumber Energi Pada Kapal Nelayan: Suatu Kajian Literatur

The need of electricity in every ship are very diverse. Power plants for using diesel as an engine can also come from sunlight as an alternative source of electrical energy. The measurement of solar energy in Indonesia is 4.8 kWh /m2. This renewable energy is in suitable for the Indonesian topography. Thus, the energy from the sunlight around the equator is so abundant that its availability is always available throughout the year, except when it rains. Utilization of solar energy can be used as a substitute for conventional energy which is starting to be limited and the price is quite expensive. Therefore, the data that are presented in this paper comes from publications, manufacturers, relevant official government documents, scientific publications and other publications. Utilization of solar energy as electrical energy can be done by using solar panels mounted in ships. The generated electricity can be used to turn on electrical equipment and send lights at night, and can be used as fishing aids. The use of solar power plant can also have a positive impact on fishermen, such as improving health, economy, environmental sustainability, and building independent fishermen.

Analysis of Ogan Ilir Regency's Kelakar River Runoff Discharge in Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLMTH) Planning

Micro hydro power plant (PLTMH) is an alternative source of electrical energy for the community where by using this PLTMH the community can utilize the existing river flow as electricity generation. The country of Indonesia has many rivers and creeks that can be used optimally in producing alternative electricity. Kelakar River, located in Ogan Ilir Regency has the potential to be developed as a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) that can be used to supply electricity in the region around the Ogan River. Data analysis includes: catchman area analysis, rainfall analysis, calculation of rainfall intensity plan, calculation of runoff discharge, and analysis of river flow rates. Based on the analysis that has been done, the Kelekar river runoff discharge is QRmax of 211.109 m3/second and QRmin of 15.732 m3/second. From this result, the selection of turbines to be used in PLTMH planning is Propeller Type turbines.

Optimization of electricity generation from marine sediment of Kendari Bay using stacked sediment microbial fuel cell

Marine sediments of Kendari Bay has the potential as an alternative source of electrical energy through sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) due to the high level of sedimentation. This study aims to optimize the amount of electrical voltage that can be generated through the SMFC system using stacked SMFC in the form of a series connection. The research methods include determining the sampling location, physical-chemical properties measurement of sediments, SMFC assembly (single and stacked SMFC), and electrical voltage measurement. Three station points representing the overall condition of Kendari Bay are determined as sampling locations. The result shows that there was a decrease in the organic matter content of the sediment substrate after the use of SMFC namely organic carbon from 2.78 percent to be 2.68 percent due to microbial activity in sediments. The single SMFC from station 2 (S2) can produce the maximum electrical voltage of 438 mV which then optimized using stacked SMFC in series connection. The maximum electrical voltage of 2.174V can be obtained using stacked SMFC. These results show that marine sediments of Kendari Bay is interesting as an alternative energy source through SMFC and stacked SMFC could optimize the amount of electrical voltage from single SMFC.

An autonomous micro-generation site using alternative/autonomous sources of electric energy

Introduction: the article deals with development and implementation of an autonomous, scalable and flexible-capacity micro-generation site representing a combination of various alternative sources of electric energy (up to 30 kW). The co-authors offer a solution for an autonomous micro-generation site: a prototype of a modular platform for a hybrid power plant (MPHP), which enables the use of solar and wind energies, capacitors, as well as an autonomous standby power supply unit having an internal combustion engine. The basic idea underlying the concept of a modular platform and the module combination method are substantiated. Power supply patterns that comprise MPHP are provided. Testing results, as well as the economic efficiency of a system operating in a decentralized energy supply environment are presented in the article.Methods: the study is based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses and features of existing energy systems using alternative/autonomous sources of electric energy with a view to the extension of capabilities and capacity by means of connecting new generating sources.Findings and discussion: the results of development of an autonomous micro-generation site are presented; a prototype of a modular platform for a hybrid power plant (MPHP) is manufactured.Conclusion: the modular platform of a hybrid power plant enables to combine different types of electric energy sources and retain effective control over operating modes, thus improving the energy supply reliability and saving organic fuel consumed for the generation of 1 kWh of electricity.

Automated Solar Powered Street Lighting System with Super Capacitors

The researchers came up to conduct a study in creating a street lighting system powered up by solar panels that sustains its own power as a stand-alone system off the grid line. By analyzing the collected data regarding the power consumption of the institution where in every 15% increase in the student s population, there is 20% increase in the electric bill consumption rate, that is why the researchers continue to expand their previous study, the charging station that gives an alternative source of electrical energy for mobile devices in the institution, to consider a free energy that can be a source of light during night time, this may lessen the power consumption in the near future not only by supplying mobile devices but by also illuminating the environment of the campus. Two hardware designs were constructed and tested as an initial hardware design to control the lighting system namely; a microcontroller unit that will act as the charge controller for the storage unit and a relay module using discrete components that will also act with the same function. The study concluded that the installation of a relay module alone as the charge controller to automatically cut-off the full charge voltage and turn on the charging when voltage in the storage unit is drain enhances the power management capability and storage of the lighting system in comparison to the other design which consumes a greater amount of power in operating the sensor control unit 24/7. The charging unit that uses the super capacitors maximizes the charging time into an average of 136.567 minutes compared to the existing design that has twice of its charging time condition which is equivalent to more than six(6) hours. The researchers recommended that the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Bataan should implement the installation of this project study, or another study for improving the hardware design components of the system which can be extended to the employees, teachers and students of the institution.