Alternative Source Of Potassium Research Articles

Application of Glauconite Mineral as Alternative Source of Potassium in Sandy Soils

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Alternative for potassic fertilization of vegetables in organic management in low fertility natural soil of the humid tropics

The organic food production and mainly the demand for these products have been growing much worldwide, and with this rising demand there is need for more adequate soil management. Organic fertilization is one of the points to improve and the alternative sources of nutrients should be better evaluated. Potassium is an essential nutrient required in large quantities by greenery and fruit, but according to the legislation of organic production, it can only be used as crushed rocks such as potassium sulfate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of potassium sulfate (soluble source), wood ash and marble powder as alternative sources of potassium in organic system, using hybrid maize AG 1051 as the indicator crop. The experimental design applied was in randomized blocks in the 3x4x2 factorial scheme, consisting of three potassium sources applied in four doses (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 K2O) in the presence and absence of Biofertilizer, with four repetitions. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Both wood ash and marble powder tested can be used as complementary potassium fertilization in organic production systems. Marble powder proved to be the most efficient among the treatments and the Biofertilizer did not have a significant effect on the evaluated characteristics.

Rocha contendo biotita como fonte alternativa de potássio para fertilizante após processamento térmico com aditivos

A biotita é um filossilicato ferromagnesiano que contém potássio. Ela é muito abundante e dispersa em todas as regiões do mundo. Formada secundariamente nos processos metamórficos constitui impureza em muitos processamentos minerais e descartada em bacias de estéreis ou de rejeito. É uma fonte alternativa de potássio para produção de fertilizante, porém, ainda sem exploração comercial em grande escala, para este propósito, por falta de tecnologia que torne o negócio viável economicamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito do processamento térmico, usando aditivos, na solubilização do potássio e impurezas em ácido mineral diluído, de rocha contendo biotita. Foi selecionada uma rocha da província mineral de Carajás–Pará – Brasil, com teor de 9,7% de K₂O e 70% de biotita. O processamento térmico foi executado em duas temperaturas, 800°C e 900°C, durante 6h, usando dois sistemas de misturas: (biotita+CaCO₃+MgCl2.6H2O) e (biotita+gesso+Na₂CO₃). A etapa de lixiviação ácida sulfúrica foi executada em pH mantido entre 2,0 e 3,0, temperatura de 85℃, durante 1h. As extrações, no sistema com cloreto de magnésio (800°C), chegaram a 63% do potássio e com solubilização máxima de 5% de Fe e Al. As extrações de potássio com gesso ficaram menores, 41%, mostrando tendência de melhor eficiência em temperaturas mais altas do que as escolhidas para este estudo, porém, com licor efluente da lixiviação isento de alumínio e 1,2% máximo de extração de ferro.

Alternative sources of potassium in the growth of calla lily

The effectiveness of new nutrient sources has been evaluated with the aim of replacing traditional fertilizers used in agricultural production, favoring sustainability actions. In order to evaluate agronomic efficiency, the objective of this study was to test whether alternative sources of potassium (K) from calcined Glauconite can be used for production of calla lily crop. The effects of 3 K sources (fresh Glauconite, granulated calcined Glauconite and powdered calcined Glauconite) at 4 K rates (0, 205, 410 and 820 mg dm−3) and potassium chloride (KCl) at 1 K rate (410 mg dm−3), on aboveground plant growth and nutrient composition was evaluated in 2 substrates (natural soil and soil added with 30% (v/v) cattle manure). After 180 days of cultivation, application of granulated calcined Glauconite and powdered calcined Glauconite yieled better plant growth compared to application of fresh Glauconite, and these sources at 410 mg dm−3 were equivalent to plant growth in the KCl treatment. The use of soil as a substrate plus cattle manure yielded better plant growth than plants cultivated with soil. Thus, it is indicated that the tested alternative sources are efficient in supplying the calla lily crop with K, Ca and N.

Recycling of waste biomass and mineral powder for preparation of potassium-enriched compost

An attempt was made to recycle waste biomass and mineral powder (waste mica) as an alternative source of potassium (K) through composting technology. Two different waste biomass, isabgol straw and palmarosa distillation waste along with two levels of waste mica (2 and 4% as K) were used for preparation of enriched composts. A notable decrease of C:N ratio was observed at the end of the composting (150 days) as an indicator of compost maturity. The mature composts were evaluated for K-supplying capacity through laboratory leaching and soil incubation study. Significantly higher water-soluble K released initially followed by a sharp decrease up to 21 days of leaching thereafter gradually decreased up to 35 days of leaching. Water-soluble K was released from K-enriched (mica charged) compost significantly higher than the ordinary compost throughout the leaching period. Soil incubation study also revealed that application of K-enriched compost greatly improved the available K (water soluble and exchangeable) pools in K-deficient soil which indicated that a considerable amount of K releases during composting. Therefore, K-enriched compost could be an effective alternative of costly commercial K fertilizer and eco-friendly approach to utilize low-cost waste mineral powder and plant residue.

<b>Extractant efficiency in the solubilization of alternative sources of potassium

Knowledge of a rock's composition allows for inferences regarding several properties, ranging from its physical characteristics to its solubility. This study aimed to evaluate the use of different extractants to solubilize the K present in rocks as a potential source of nutrients and the effects of extractant contact time and temperature on rock solubilization. Samples of two rocks and a mineral concentrated from a granitic rock were treated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4(H2PO4)), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (control). Sample-extractant treatments were performed using a water bath shaker at temperatures of 25 and 50°C for periods of 3, 7, 10, 20, and 30 days. The amounts of K extracted from rocks using the extractants were in the following order: NH4H2PO4>Ca(HPO4)2>NaOH>water. The sequence of K release (ppm) based on the rocks studied was as follows: nepheline syenite>green banded argillite>concentrated biotite. Increasing the extractant contact time and temperature enhanced the solubilized K content.

Alternative potassium source for the cultivation of ornamental sunflower

ABSTRACT Brazil is dependent on importation of fertilizers, especially the potassics. Rocks and minerals that contain nutrients have a potential for use in agriculture as fertilizer, especially those of slow solubilization and that exhibit residual effect. In this context, the objective was to assess the feasibility of glauconite rock as potassium source for the cultivation of ornamental sunflower. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions arranged in an entirely randomized design, in a 4x4 + 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and one plant per plot. Four glauconite-based fertilizers were used as a potassium source: fine grained glauconite, fine grained organo-mineral glauconite, coarse grained glauconite and coarse grained organo-mineral glauconite, in four doses, as well as an additional treatment with four doses of KCl, the principal conventional source of the nutrient. The height of the flower stalks, the diameter of the stem and floral capitulum, the number of cultivation days and post-harvest durability were evaluated. The application of KCl yielded the production of flower stems with greater height and larger capitulum diameter in relation to the supply of glauconite. Among the glauconite based fertilizers, the fine grained organo-mineral product provided the best flower charateristics. The postharvest commercial durability of the flower stalks was higher in plants that received the glauconite and fine grained organo-mineral glauconite. The fine grained organo-mineral glauconite surpasses all other alternative sources of potassium in relation to the agronomic characteristics evaluated.

Modeling Controlled Potassium Release from Phlogopite in Solution: Exploring the Viability of using Crushed Phlogopitite Rock as an Alternative Potassium Source in Brazilian Soil

The chemical and mineralogical properties of phlogopitite, a rock containing the mineral phlogopite, were studied aiming at employment as an alternative source of potassium. Mineralogical characterization of this rock was performed using X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. According to the results, phlogopite contains approximately 82.6 g K2O kg-1 (ca. 9%). The kinetics involved in the release of the potassium ions from the mineral were examined using acidic solutions (nitric, citric, oxalic and Mehlich-1) and a salt solution (sodium tetraphenylboron, Na[B(C6H5)4]). The experimental results from the kinetic studies were used to determine the mathematical relationship between the concentration of potassium released and the reaction time.