Alternative Carbohydrate Source Research Articles

Infant consumption of 100% lactose-based and reduced lactose infant formula in the United States: Review of NHANES data from 1999 to 2020.

An acceptable alternative to human milk is US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-registered infant formula, which must meet the requirements of the US FDA Infant Formula Act. Human milk contains lactose, but some infant formulas may contain alternative carbohydrate sources such as corn syrup solids, maltodextrin, and sucrose. Recent research shows that infant-formula made with corn syrup solids may be associated with increased obesity risk in the first 5 years of life. A previous study found that of all formulas purchased, 59.0% were lactose-reduced. More US infants consume infant formula with nonlactose carbohydrates more frequently than is medically necessary. The purpose of this study is to use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to describe the type and prevalence of nonlactose carbohydrates consumed in infant formula. NHANES data from 1999 to 2020 was used to perform cross-sectional analyses and analyses of comparison of prevalence over time on consumption of nonlactose carbohydrate sources in infant formulas. We identified 3709 unique infant IDs associated with 36,084 feeding sessions. More than half of the feeding sessions involved a formula with at least one nonlactose carbohydrate. Feeding sessions involving a formula with at least one nonlactose carbohydrate increased by 163% from 1999-2004 to 2017-2020; formulas containing single or multiple nonlactose carbohydrate types account for the increase in prevalence. This study highlights an increase in the consumption of infant formula containing a nonlactose carbohydrate. More studies are needed to understand the short- and long-term effects of early exposure to these carbohydrates.

Gluconic Acid Production by Using Recombinant Escherichia coli Waksman pqq+ Cells with a Novel Approach from Biomass Sources.

Gluconic acid (GA) is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, detergent, textile, leather, and concrete industries. However, cost-effective and high-yield production of GA remains a challenge. Due to currently high raw material inputs of GA, various alternative carbohydrate sources are being investigated. Sucrose is one of the cost-effective biomass sources that can be used as feedstock. The most common industrial production of GA is based on wild-type bacteria and fungi, but there are many problems with this production. This study aimed to optimize the production of GA from glucose produced by hydrolysis of sucrose using recombinant E. coli Waksman (W) pqq+ strain. After sucrose was enzymatically hydrolyzed, significant medium components for GA production were determined as glucose, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), peptone, and ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4) using Placket-Burman Design (PBD). Detailed optimization of the medium components that are significant in GA production was carried out using central composite design (CCD), and optimum values of the independent variables examined in maximum GA production (93.5 ± 2.95g/L) were determined as glucose 95, CaCO3 25, peptone 2, and (NH4)3PO4 1.13 (g/L). Using results obtained in the Erlenmeyer experiments, GA production in the bioreactor was investigated by CCD. The maximum GA efficiency (3.20 ± 0.15g/L. h) was obtained under conditions where the air supply rate was 10.82 L/min, stirring speed was 656.87rpm, and CaCO3 concentration was 16.90g/L. In conclusion, it has been shown that GA can be produced with a high yield with this novel approach using a recombinant strain for GA production from sucrose.

Nutritional Characteristics of White Bread Banana Horn Flour (Musa Paradisicia) with the Addition of Fragrant Pandan Leaf Extract (Pandanus Amaryllifolius-Roxb) as an Alternative Source of Carbohydrates and Protein

Indonesia is one of the countries that uses white bread as a substitute for rice or as a snack. White bread is a food product made from wheat flour which is then given yeast and baked. This research used experimental research with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. Proximate test testing for water content, ash content, protein content, fat and carbohydrate content and acceptability test. The results of the nutrient content test for white bread, banana flour with fragrant pandan leaf extract, are the most preferred and good in white bread products, namely in the R3 treatment with high levels of results. air 25.79%, ash content 1.378%, protein content 7.88%, fat content 4.218% and carbohydrate content 60.72%. And the most favorable hedonic test results and hedonic quality were the R3 white bread treatment with the substitution of banana horn flour with the addition of fragrant pandan leaf extract, which stated that there was no real difference and no further tests were carried out. White bread with the substitution of horn banana flour with the addition of fragrant pandan leaf extract was declared to have no real difference and no further testing was carried out

Diazotrophic organisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the establishment of cassava plants

Cassava is an important food base and an excellent alternative source of carbohydrates, especially in developing countries. As it is an easy-to-manage crop, it can be grown in small areas and does not require high soil fertility. This culture has a symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which expand the extent of the roots by the projection of their hyphae, which favors the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil and with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the initial stage of cassava culture. The following parameters were evaluated: the day of sprouting, plant height, root length, plant volume, colonization rate of mycorrhizal fungi and the genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plants inoculated with AMF and diazotrophic bacteria presented the lowest day of sprouting, the highest plant height and longer root length. Mycorrhizal interactions with and without inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria were classified, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genera Acaulospora, Diversispora, Glomus and Gigaspora were classified.

Carbohydrate nutrition associated with health of overwintering honey bees.

In temperate climates, honey bees rely on stored carbohydrates to sustain them throughout the winter. In nature, honey serves as the bees' source of carbohydrates, but when managed, beekeepers often harvest honey and replace it with cheaper, artificial feed. The effects of alternative carbohydrate sources on colony survival, strength, and individual bee metabolic health are poorly understood. We assessed the impacts of carbohydrate diets (honey, sucrose syrup, high-fructose corn syrup, and invert syrup) on colony winter survival, population size, and worker bee nutritional state (i.e., fat content and gene expression of overwintered bees and emerging callow bees). We observed a nonsignificant trend for greater survival and larger adult population size among colonies overwintered on honey compared to the artificial feeds, with colonies fed high-fructose corn syrup performing particularly poorly. These trends were mirrored in individual bee physiology, with bees from colonies fed honey having significantly larger fat bodies than those from colonies fed high-fructose corn syrup. For bees fed honey or sucrose, we also observed gene expression profiles consistent with a higher nutritional state, associated with physiologically younger individuals. That is, there was significantly higher expression of vitellogenin and insulin-like peptide 2 and lower expression of insulin-like peptide 1 and juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase in the brains of bees that consumed honey or sucrose syrup relative to those that consumed invert syrup or high-fructose corn syrup. These findings further our understanding of the physiological implications of carbohydrate nutrition in honey bees and have applied implications for colony management.

Amorphophallus muelleri blume diversity based on morphological characteristics in South Sulawesi

Porang is an alternative carbohydrate source plant that contains the highest glucomannan among other Amorphophallus species in Indonesia. Amorphophallus muelleri Blume is an important species of the genus Amorphophallus, which belongs to the same subspecies A. bulbifer and A. yuloensis. A. muelleri Blume has good disease resistance and heat tolerance tendency, and high KGM content. Kinship relationships can be used as a basis for assembling more potential genotypes. To find out the kinship between existing varieties we must exploration and identify. This research was carried out using qualitative methods analysed in the numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 2.02i (NTSYS) program. The genetic materials used in this study were explored from wild growing habitat in agroforestry areas in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results obtained that the MR6 and BL10 genotypes which had a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, between genotypes MR4, MR9, MR10, BT4 and BT10 had a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, between genotypes BT5 and BT7 have a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, and between genotypes BT1, BT2, BT9 have a similarity coefficient value of 1.00. Furthermore, BL1, BL4, and BL6 contribute significantly of the variation as showed by PC1.

Apple puree as a natural fructose source provides an effective alternative carbohydrate source for fuelling half-marathon running performance

ABSTRACT Carbohydrate supplementation during endurance exercise is known to improve performance, but the effects of food-based approaches in running exercise are understudied. Therefore, this study investigated the performance and gastrointestinal (GI) effects of a carbohydrate supplement containing a natural fructose source compared with a highly processed fructose source in a combined glucose-fructose supplement, during a half-marathon. Eleven trained runners (9 males, 2 females; age 32 ± 8 y, 89:53 ± 13:28 min half-marathon personal record) completed a familiarisation (8 miles) and two experimental trials (13.1 miles) on an outdoor running course, with blood and urine samples collected before and after the run. Subjective GI measures were made throughout the run. Carbohydrate was provided as a natural fructose source in the form of apple puree (AP) or highly processed crystalline fructose (GF) in a 2:1 glucose-to-fructose ratio (additional required glucose was provided through maltodextrin). Half-marathon performance was not different between carbohydrate sources (AP 89:52 ± 09:33 min, GF 88:44 ± 10:09 min; P = 0.684). There were no interaction effects for GI comfort (P = 0.305) or other GI symptoms (P ≥ 0.211). There were no differences between carbohydrate sources in ad libitum fluid intake (AP 409 ± 206 mL; GF 294 ± 149 mL; P = 0.094) or any other urinary (P ≥ 0.724), blood-based (P ≥ 0.215) or subjective (P ≥ 0.421) measures. Apple puree as a natural fructose source was equivalent to crystalline fructose in supporting half-marathon running performance without increasing GI symptoms. Highlights Research examining food-first and food-based approaches to carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare carbohydrate supplements either containing a natural or highly processed fructose source as part of a glucose-fructose supplement on half-marathon running performance and gastrointestinal comfort in trained runners. Running performance (apple puree 89:52 ± 09:33 min vs. crystalline fructose 88:44 ± 10:09 min), gastrointestinal comfort and symptoms were not different between the two fructose sources. Apple puree can be effectively used as a carbohydrate source to fuel half-marathon running performance.

Saccharina latissima, candy-factory waste, and digestate from full-scale biogas plant as alternative carbohydrate and nutrient sources for lactic acid production

To substitute petroleum-based materials with bio-based alternatives, microbial fermentation combined with inexpensive biomass is suggested. In this study Saccharina latissima hydrolysate, candy-factory waste, and digestate from full-scale biogas plant were explored as substrates for lactic acid production. The lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus were tested as starter cultures. Sugars released from seaweed hydrolysate and candy-waste were successfully utilized by the studied bacterial strains. Additionally, seaweed hydrolysate and digestate served as nutrient supplements supporting microbial fermentation. According to the highest achieved relative lactic acid production, a scaled-up co-fermentation of candy-waste and digestate was performed. Lactic acid reached a concentration of 65.65 g/L, with 61.69% relative lactic acid production, and 1.37 g/L/hour productivity. The findings indicate that lactic acid can be successfully produced from low-cost industrial residues.

Alternatif Pangan Sebagai Sumber Gizi Dengan Memanfaatkan Umbi Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) (Sumber Pangan Dengan Indeks Glikemiks Rendah)

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the most common degenerative disease in Indonesia, so that the regulation of food intake is important. Food sources of carbohydrates with a low glycemic index (GI) can control blood sugar levels. GI is the rate at which food is absorbed into blood glucose. Purple sweet potato has a low GI so it is suitable as an alternative source of carbohydrates. Different cooking processes can affect the GI of the purple sweet potato, the frying technique produces the lowest GI compared to the boiling or baking technique. The manufacture of hybrid purple sweet potato flour is able to replace the use of wheat flour for processed food products. Hybrid purple sweet potato flour can increase the antioxidant content.

Saccharina Latissima, Candy-Factory Waste, and Digestate from Full-Scale Biogas Plant as Alternative Carbohydrate and Nutrient Sources for Lactic Acid Production

Saccharina Latissima, Candy-Factory Waste, and Digestate from Full-Scale Biogas Plant as Alternative Carbohydrate and Nutrient Sources for Lactic Acid Production

Whey Powder Supplementation Changes Chemical Composition, Improves Fermentation Quality, Increases the Utilization of Nutrients and Net Energy Lactation Value of Alfalfa Haylage in Kıvırcık Rams

The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of whey powder (WP) supplementation on chemical composition, silage fermentation, in vivo digestibility and net energy lactation (NEL) value of high dry matter (DM) alfalfa silage (Haylage). Alfalfa treated with different doses WP (0, 2, and 4%) were ensiled in plastic cans for 60 days. Nine Kıvırcık rams were used to estimated digestibilities of haylages in 3x3 Latin Square design with fifteen days experimental period. According to the results, the addition of WP significantly increased the DM of alfalfa haylage compared to the control whereas decreased ether extract, crude protein and crude ash. But, cell wall fraction rates of all groups were similar. Relative feed value and physical characteristics other than color improved in WP supplemented groups, and lactic acid rates increased in these groups. In terms of silo acids, the best values were found in the group with 4% WP. On the other hand, the addition of WP increased the organic matter digestibility of haylages, however the effect on other in vivo digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and neutral detergent fiber was insignificant. Moreover, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and NEL values of haylages were found to be improved with the addition of WP. As a result, it was concluded that in order to obtain quality haylage in the ensiling of high DM and long chopped alfalfa, WP generally can be used as an alternative source of carbohydrates and a 4% whey powder dose can be recommended in the production of haylage especially in the sense of improving silage fermentation.

Applications and Pharmacological Properties of Cactus Pear (Opuntia spp.) Peel: A Review.

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the exploitation of by-products from fruits and vegetables, generated from industrial processing or human feeding. Residues of popularly consumed fruits such as orange, lemon, banana, pomegranate, among others, have been widely described and studied; however, cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) residues, as a locally consumed product, have been forgotten. The whole fruit can be divided into the edible portion (pulp) and the non-edible portion (seeds and peel). Several studies mainly focus on the characteristics of the edible portion or in the whole fruit, ignoring by-products such as peels, which are rich in compounds such as phenols, flavonoids and dietary fiber; they have also been proposed as an alternative source of lipids, carbohydrates and natural colorants. Some uses of the peel have been reported as a food additives, food supplements, as a source of pectins and for wastewater treatment; however, there have not been any deep investigations of the characteristics and potential uses of the cactus pear peel (CPP). The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the current research on CPP. CPP has many bio-active compounds that may provide health benefits and may also be useful in pharmaceutical, food and manufacturing industries; however, greater research is needed in order to gain thorough knowledge of the possibilities of this by-product.

KEANEKARAGAMAN TANAMAN UMBI – UMBIAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI PANGAN ALTERNATIF DI KECAMATAN RENDANG DAN BEBANDEM, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM, BALI

ABSTRACT
 This study aimed to explore and identify the types of tubers, processing methods, utilization, morphological characteristics and nutritional content of tuber plants found in Rendang District and Bebandem District, Karangasem Regency. The method used was descriptive method with interview techniques, field observations, exploration, collection and documentation. The results showed there are 9 types of tubers were found, namely Manihot esculenta Crantz., Ipomoea batatas L., Colocasia esculenta L., Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, Amorphophallus campanulatus BI., Dioscorea alata L., D. bulbifera L., D. bulbifera L., D. hipsida Dennts, and D. aculeata. There were three variants were identified for Manihot esculenta, 5 variants of Ipomoea batatas, 4 variants of Xantosoma sagittifolium, 1 variant of Colocasia esculenta, 1 variant of Amorphophallus campalunatus, 4 variants of D. alata, 2 variants of D. aculeata, 1 variant of D. hipsida and 2 variants of D. bulbifera. The utilization of each type of tubers varies : cassava, taro, and sweet potato can be boil, grilled, steamed, fried, while the other 2 types, namely gadung and suweg, require special treatment before consumption because these tubers can cause poisoning. Utilization of other organs from the type of tubers can be used as vegetables (cassava leaves, sweet potato leaves, taro leaves, taro leaf stalks), traditional medicine (uwi and sweet potato), animal feed (taro stems, sweet potato leaves) and as a support for the family economy. The description and morphological character of each type of tuber are different. Differences in morphological characters are seen in stature, tubers (shape, structure, size, color), stem (shape, structure, size, color), leaves (shape, structure, size, color). All tubers found can be alternative carbohydrate source to rice because they have complex nutritional content.
 Key words : Manihot esculenta Crantz., Ipomoea batatas L., Colocasia esculenta L., Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, Amorphophallus campanulatus BI., Dioscorea spp.

Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill: Uses and bioactivity

Dioscorea esculenta (Dioscoreaceae) has been long used as an alternative food ingredient and traditional medicine. This panel aims to examine the use of D. esculenta as a food ingredient, traditional medicine and its bioactivity. The research method uses a literature review on various research reports, books, journals obtained online at Google Scholar by using the keywords D. esculenta, uses, and bioactivity D. esculenta. The tubers of D. esculenta are an alternative source of alternative carbohydrates and have been traded in traditional markets, but the supply is relatively small and decreasing. The nutritional content of tuber flour is protein (7.19%), fat (1.10%) dietary fiber (10.16%) inulin (7.49%), and total starch content (71.78%). Ethnomedicinally, D. esculenta tubers are used as antifatigue, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-spasmodic and immune. The bioactivity of D. esculenta is anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic mellitus, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-fertility and anti-cancer. The D. esculenta tubers are very potential to be developed as an alternative food ingredient because they have a good glycemic index and are able to overcome diabetes mellitus.

The effect of the addition of chicken feet flour to crispy corn on energy density and nutritional quality

Maize contains several essential nutrients that are well-known for their contribution to food studies. This crop is an alternative carbohydrate source. Considering the increase in maize production and health advantages, it is the right decision to utilize the crop as an ingredient of snacks, such as crispy maize. Chicken feet are rich in collagen and protein. Despite the unpopularity, chicken feet contain nutrition that helps the growth and development of children. The present study was devoted to analyze the nutrient content of crispy corn. Relying on an experimental method, the treatment was done by substituting chicken feet flour on crispy corn; it consisted of five treatment levels with three replications. The quality of the crispy corn with chicken feet flour was assessed objectively in a laboratory by doing some analytical methods, including proximate analysis, energy analysis, calcium analysis, dietary fibre analysis, and iron analysis. Data analysis procedures were carried out to examine the effect of chicken feet flour on the snack's chemical quality. This process involved the ANOVA test and LSD test. The results showed that the addition of chicken feet flour enhanced the nutritional value of the crispy corn product; this is seen in the rise in the content of energy, protein, fat, water, and ash. The most recommended formula is F3, the crispy corn with 45 g of chicken feet flour.

Morphological Observation, Identification and Isolation of Tropical Marine Microalgae from Ambon Bay, Maluku

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that are widely distributed in waters. They have the potential as an alternative source of pigments, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. In this study, identification and isolation of single-cell microalgae from Ambon Bay were carried out by serial dilution method and inoculation of the culture by appearance/spread on the surface of the solidified agar medium. The results showed that the waters of Ambon Bay have physical parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, and TDS, which are still within the threshold specified in the seawater quality standard for biota. The water conditions at the 10 sampling locations had different salinity, pH, temperature, and TDS. This condition affects the distribution of microalgae in the waters in Ambon Bay. The image from light microscopy shows that there are 27 species of microalgae scattered in the waters of Ambon Bay, which belong to the classes Chlorophyceae, Flagilariophyceae, Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), Coscinodiscophyceae, and Dinophyceae. Microalgae isolation obtained five species (single-cell) including four species from the class Bacillariophyta (Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp, Cyclotella sp) and one species from the class Chlorophyta (Chlorella sp).

Carbapenem Antibiotics Promote Mucus Degradation By Bacteroides and Aggravate Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are at risk for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The gastrointestinal tract has been identified to be a primary target of allogeneic donor T cells in allo-HSCT. The intestinal microbiota is known to interact with the host immune system and has been found to be an important modulator of GVHD. Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as carbapenems are often used in allo-HSCT patients to treat infections but have been found to increase the risk for intestinal GVHD, possibly via bystander depletion of beneficial commensal bacteria. However, whether loss of beneficial commensal bacteria is mechanistically sufficient to aggravate intestinal GVHD is not known. To examine this further, we utilized a mouse model of GVHD to study the effects of meropenem, a commonly used carbapenem in allo-HSCT patients.Lethally irradiated B6D2F1 (H-2 b/d) mice were intravenously injected with 5 × 10 6 bone marrow cells and 5 × 10 6 splenocytes from major histocompatibility complex-mismatched B6 (H-2 b) or syngeneic donors on day 0. Meropenem was additionally administered to some allo-HSCT recipient mice in the drinking water from days 3 to 15 after allo-HSCT.We found that meropenem treatment aggravated GVHD primarily in the colon of mice, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated that many bacterial genera were depleted in meropenem-treated mice, including Blautia and Lachnoclostridium that belong to the class Clostridia. Simultaneously, the abundance of the genus Bacteroides was increased in meropenem-treated mice, which we also observed in allo-HSCT patients at our institution following meropenem treatment. Interestingly, when meropenem-treated mice were additionally treated orally with decontaminating antibiotics, GVHD severity and survival were ameliorated, suggesting that meropenem could induce worsened GVHD via expansion of pro-inflammatory bacteria as well as depletion of beneficial bacteria.We explored which species of Bacteroides was the most expanded by meropenem treatment and identified Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT) as significantly increased species. Reintroduction of BT restored aggravated GVHD in mice treated with decontaminating antibiotics. BT is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe with a broad ability to degrade dietary polysaccharides as well as host mucin glycans. In meropenem-treated allogeneic mice, we observed significantly thinner colonic mucus, increased myeloid-cell infiltration into colonic tissue, and increased bacterial translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes. Decontamination, in contrast, led to preservation of the colonic mucus layer in meropenem-treated allogeneic mice. BT, in the presence of multiple suitable carbohydrate substrates, has been found to preferentially consume certain carbohydrates first and only after depleting these will it then upregulate utilization genes targeting other available polysaccharides. Host mucin glycans are particularly low on the metabolic hierarchy for BT. RNA sequencing of stool samples from meropenem-treated allogeneic mice demonstrated that BT upregulated expression of β-galactosidase, sialidase and α-L-fucosidase, all of which participate in the degradation of host mucin glycans. Carbohydrate mass spectrometry profiling of colonic luminal contents showed decreased levels of polysaccharides comprised of xylose. Interestingly, xylose supplementation in meropenem-treated allogeneic mice significantly prevented thinning of the colonic mucus layer, indicating that providing an alternative carbohydrate source was sufficient to suppress mucus-degrading behavior in BT (Figure).In conclusion, expansion of BT in meropenem-treated allogeneic mice is strongly associated with GVHD-related mortality. Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as meropenem are useful for treating infections in allo-HSCT, but can also lead to an altered intestinal environment with changes in levels of microbial-derived metabolites or decreased nutrients. This, in turn, can lead to expansion and altered behavior of commensal bacteria such as BT to target intestinal mucus, which can contribute to increased severity of GVHD. Specific nutritional supplementation strategies such as providing xylose may be helpful to combat changes to the intestinal environment in allo-HSCT patients with antibiotic-mediated microbiome injury. [Display omitted] DisclosuresJenq: MaaT Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; LisCure: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seres: Consultancy, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Kaleido: Consultancy, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Prolacta: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Consultancy; Microbiome DX: Consultancy; Karius: Consultancy.

Optimizatiaon of MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) Media with an organic waste substitute to assess the potential of Lactobacillus in Ink degradation

Lactobacillus species are normally found in human digestive and urinary tracts. In this study, the capability of probiotic strains to grow in media using banana peel waste as an alternative carbohydrate source was investigated. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated using homemade curd, banana peel powder was made using an alternate drum drier technique and used as a fermentation media on which strain of probiotic, Lactobacillus sp. were grown. The result showed that bacterial growth using banana peel powder obtained at 370C under anaerobic condition (2- 3 days), was comparable to growth seen in MRS medium. It can be concluded that the banana peel powder can be utilized to produce culture medium for cultivation of probiotic bacteria as a substitute to MRS medium which is expensive for cultivating probiotics. This will not only result in cost reduction of probiotic from cheap, inexpensive Agro-waste material, but also helps in solving the environmental pollution problem caused by their extensive disposal. The capability of Lactobacillus sp. to degrade dye was also investigated. Lactobacilli was incorporated under anaerobic condition in the M9 media containing the dye. The dye degrading capability of Lactobacillus sp was estimated colorimetrically at 520nm. The result showed a decrease in the dye concentration obtained at 37oC under anaerobic condition. So, it can be concluded that the Lactobacillus strain can be used for the bioremediation of dyes.

Karakteristik berbagai jenis tepung ubi jalar termodifikasi dengan metode autoclaving retrogradation

Sweet potato has great potency to be developed as an alternative carbohydrate source in the form of modified sweet potato flour. Autoclaving retrogradation is a physical modification method to improve the physicochemical characteristics of flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the autoclaving retrogradation method on the characteristics of various sweet potato flour: dietary fiber, resistant starch, starch digestibility, nutritional content, and antioxidant, and to determine the best modified sweet potato flour. The experimental design used a non-factorial completely randomized block design with four replications. The treatment consisted of 6 types of sweet potato, namely control (purple sweet potato without treatment), orange sweet potato, purple sweet potato, honey-sweet potato, red sweet potato, and purple white sweet potato). The results showed that there were significant differences in dietary fiber, levels of resistant starch, digestibility of starch, nutritional content, and antioxidant activity amongst various types of modified sweet potato flour. The best modified sweet potato flour was found in modified red sweet potato flour which contained 44.64% dietary fiber, 19.75% resistant starch, 13.50% starch digestibility, 66.32% antioxidant activity, with comparable nutritional content.

ANALISIS KORELASI DAN JALUR DALAM PENENTUAN KRITERIA SELEKSI UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI

[CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSES FOR DETERMINING THE SELECTION CRITERIA OF HIGH YIELDING SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)]. Sweet potatoes can serve as an alternative source of healthy carbohydrates. The productivity of sweet potato is relatively low, namely 13,51 tons/ha. Plant breeding activities are one of the solutions to develop superior varieties. The success of plant breeding is determined by the success of the selection activity, one of which is determined by the selection characters used. Correlation and path analysis are used to study the closeness of the quantitative variables as the basis for a more efficient selection program. The purpose of research was to determine the character selection of sweet potato and determine the correlation pattern between the observed characters based on the correlation coefficient value along the direct and indirect effect. The research was carried out on dry land with Inceptisol dryland, at an altitude of 350 m above sea level using a randomized block design with three replications. The material used in the researh was thirteen sweet potato genotypes. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the tuber yield had a very strong and positive correlation to the number of plants (r = 0.706), tuber fresh weight (r = 0.816), and tuber BK (r = 0.898), while the tuber number variable had a moderate positive correlation. (r = 0.605). Several variables also showed a negative relationship, including stover fresh weight,% BK tuber, BK stover, and BK biomass. Based on the analysis and path analysis, the BK variable can be used as an effective and efficient selection variable in producing high yield sweet potatoes.