Alternative Methods Of Instruction Research Articles

Institutional Information Communication Technology Capacity influence on E-Learning Utilization for Instruction in Kenyan Universities

E-Learning is globally recognized as a significant strategy in improving relevancy, efficiency, costeffectiveness, and quality of higher education. The paper presents a discussion of Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure capacity influences on e-Learning utilization in instruction in Kenyan universities, with a view to determining strategies that universities employ to enhance e-Learning utilization. It opines that e-Learning has not been very popular as a method for instruction in universities, due to limited institutional ICT infrastructure capacities to fully implement e-Learning. The study used the mixed methods research design methodology to debate, reflect, critique, and discuss institutional capacities by universities in utilizing e-Learning in instruction. The reviewed different data sources, borrowed and immensely used government publications, e-Learning books, journals and research articles were used in document analysis. The researchers also used own intuitive experience and knowledge in e-Learning utilization in instruction. E-Learning utilization demands for collaborative effort between government, universities, faculty and students, as well us bodies like the Commission for University Education (CUE). It was found that there are several major barriers to institutional capacities of universities in utilizing e-Learning in instruction. First, was the procurement of technology and sourcing of funds. It was seen that the total capitation for funding the programs was as low as 3%. Secondly, internal barriers arising from within individual institutions and faculty. Majority of the universities for a long time have relied on face to face interaction between students and faculty. However, in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, all learning institutions including universities, colleges and schools were forced to close down and seek alternative methods of instruction. It was found that most universities have moderate capacities to utilize e-Learning, but are yet to exploit its full potential. The study also established that nearly all the faculty were aware and used e-Learning for instruction but to a limited extent. Findings revealed that faculty prefer blended mode of instruction, but complained of limited bandwidths and poor connectivity for faculty and students far off from the university campuses. To mitigate the challenge, universities must strive to train and retrain the faculty on how to use technology and not about technology. Based on the review carried out in six universities; all the universities have some technologies in place including Computer Based Learning, Virtual Learning, video conferencing, content delivery via networks, use of memory sticks and emails. All have an e-Learning portal, module and platforms used for e-Learning. Majority of the university dons consider bandwidth, networking and a reliable Learning management system (LMS) as critical infrastructure for e-Learning utilization. Development and improved utilization of e-Learning is practically possible with enhanced institutional capacities. Enhanced use implies enhanced information transfer, reduced movement of faculty and students allow adequate time for faculty to invest in innovative teaching; enable faster transfer of information while students actively learn on their own. This would help bridge the gap and reduce pressure on existing resources. E-Learning could be the solution to the problem of increased student enrolment and reduced quality of university education. However, to ease the burden of financing university programs, public- private sector partnerships need to be encouraged. The study established that universities must provide students with affordable internet. To a large extent it delves into possible benefits and opportunities that would arise if universities realize and utilize fully the available institutional infrastructure and e-Learning resources. Demand is made upon the universities to develop and operationalize e-Learning policy and invest more in capacity building, set up infrastructure to deliver instruction online.

A Sustainable Model for Deployment of M-Learning in Kenyan Universities

Institutions of higher learning around the world are considering the use of technology as alternative methods of instruction. Mobile learning technologies and wireless networks are becoming increasingly popular tools of facilitating learning in higher education institutions. Mobile learning (or m-learning) has the ability to connect learners to information anytime and anywhere. While some studies have explored the challenges and the issues of implementing this technology, a majority have focused on acceptance alone. However, little research has been conducted to comprehend factors for sustainable deployment of m-learning in higher education. This study was conducted with the intention of identifying the factors that affect the deployment of m-learning, in order to propose and evaluate a sustainable model for mobile learning deployment in university education. Objective: The main objective of the study was to develop a deployment model for use of m-learning in HEI in Kenya. Another objective was to find out the factors that affect deployment of HEI. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed method of research design where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. The study was A survey was conducted with a total of 148 students and 28 lecturers. The findings of this study indicate that a conceptual framework and model clearly delineating pre and post-deployment processes can provide a roadmap for sustainable deployment of m-learning. Furthermore, Education Organization and schools can use the model for blending mobile learning with traditional learning using a planned approach to improve education and learning

Special Education in a Remote Setting: Stakeholders’ Stories and More

Remote special education is a relatively new phenomenon. Since the beginning of special education in schools, direct and explicit instruction has been used for learners with autism. Learners, parents, and teachers as stakeholders struggle with alternative instructional methods. Parents are critical players in remote learning. They facilitate home-based learning through modular instruction. Parents help students engage when teachers facilitate online learning. Stakeholders are also alternatively referred to as frontline or grassroots remote special education implementers. This study elicited special education stakeholders' constructs in three areas: views on remote special education, essential special education practices, and policy building blocks. Three teachers and three parents with children with autism respectively participated. Using a semi-structured interview guide, data were collected via online interviews. From an interpretivist's lens, constructs were gleaned from participant narratives. George Kelly's Personal Construct Theory aided the construction process. Stuart Hall's multiple readings informed textual analyses. Findings suggest that special education stakeholders viewed remote learning as a shared responsibility. Eight essential special education practices were determined: individualization, modification, accommodation, assessment, intervention, early detection, collaboration, and inclusion. Individualization and modification, accommodation, teachers' competency, home program, and collaboration emerged as policy building blocks. Researchers’ recommendations include (1) taking advantage of technology in individualization, (2) assessing the feasibility of online learning as an alternative learning modality, (3) providing teachers with comprehensive competency training, (4) supporting home programs as a supplementary educational intervention, and (5) considering telehealth and teletherapy as emerging collaboration strategies.

Training Strategy of Music Expression in Piano Teaching and Performance by Intelligent Multimedia Technology

Teaching using a multimedia technology in the 21 s t century affords the possibility of developing novel instructional strategies and paves the way for the all-around extension of musical educational functions. The importance of multimedia teaching technology in piano instruction has started to emerge in our country and society due to the ongoing development of this kind of technology in music educational institutions here. The conventional method of teaching piano has several drawbacks that may be mitigated by using one of the several alternative methods of instruction for the instrument, especially in light of the ongoing advancements in science and technology. A pianist’s methods of expression are the tools they use to convey their thoughts and emotions about a piece of music to the audience. Teachers may demonstrate their musical skills to students and they must immediately focus on a musical expression which is vital for performers. In this paper, the Multimedia-based Piano Teaching Model (MPTM) has been proposed to improve the piano teaching quality. Traditional piano instruction is improved and developed using multimedia technology in this article. The Internet education model is used for teacher assessment, and the systematic way representing piano teaching combines different music educational materials. It begins building a sufficiently broad music network infrastructure resource sharing framework and benefits society’s amateur music literacy. The use of machine learning in students’ concrete piano instruction has the potential to thoroughly promote contemporary piano instruction and enhance the overall quality of instruction. To begin, an explanation of the intelligent piano’s features and capabilities is provided. The neural network is used to suggest a technique for detecting a piano note on a set. The network can assess the input piano music signal’s time frequency by translating the original time-domain waveform into the time-varying frequency distribution. Intelligent piano instruction analysis can effectively achieve the overall optimization of piano performance. The test results show that MPTM has a significant role in boosting the desire to learn to play the instrument. The experimental results show that the proposed MPTM achieves a learning skills ratio of 97.6%, a learning activity ratio of 98.5%, a student performance ratio of 93.8%, a teaching evaluation ratio of 90.3%, and a learning behavior ratio of 94.2% when compared to other methods.

Simulation as an Alternative to Women's Health Clinical Rotations for Ultra-Orthodox Men: A Pilot Study of Cultural Adjustment

BackgroundDue to the cultural needs of male Jewish Ultra-Orthodox nursing students, the entire women's health clinical rotation in our nursing program was replaced with simulation training. This study sought to determine student and teacher satisfaction and student knowledge and skill acquisition during a pilot of an alternative method of instruction. MethodsParticipants, a total of 96 Ultra-Orthodox male students from four student cohorts. Six clinical settings were created, with 32 hybrid scenarios, covering 47 clinical situations. The program's evaluation was based on student and instructor feedback and pre-post knowledge exams. ResultsStudents and instructors reported that the training improved students' skills and readiness to practice. Students significantly improved their post-course knowledge score and were comfortable taking care of female standardized patients in common women's health clinical settings. ConclusionsSimulation was found to be an effective and feasible way to meet curriculum requirements while also addressing the cultural needs of male Ultra-Orthodox nursing students.

127 Caution and Context: COVID-19 as the Educational Focus for Inter-Professional Learning

Traditionally our university-affiliated Office of IPE delivers a 3-phase (exposure, immersion, competence) inter-professional education (IPE) curriculum which is a graduation requirement for students. On 13 March 2020, on-site classes were suspended due to the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the state. Faculty rapidly implemented alternative methods of instruction to complete coursework for the spring semester utilizing COVID-19 as the educational focus and hosting these learning events on the virtual platform.The aim of the study was to lean into the educational opportunities provided by the global pandemic to continue to provide high-quality IP education including simulation, crafting these educational events to meet the pandemic needs of our community.During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare students and faculty stepped forward with a desire to serve during this health crisis. Several public health support programmes were provided by the academic health centre and IP educational activities were crafted around these. Such programmes included: a 1–800 COVID-19 hotline providing rapid access to health screening to assist the community in understanding when and where they should access the healthcare system for testing or care; a Contact Tracing Call Center to identify those with exposure and risk and counsel next steps; and provision of public health information regarding the virus and the vaccine. IP Faculty developed a series of IP simulations to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to serve in these public health support areas. These simulations were all structured utilizing an initial brief (detailing Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) domains and Patient- and Family-Centered Care principles), followed by scenario-specific education such as IP team review of screening algorithm and decision tree for hotline and call centre work, with subsequent standardized patient (SP) interaction, and finally IP debriefing. Five simulations involving 190 students occurred. Evaluation metrics collected included pre-/post-Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS), evaluation of learning objectives, SP interaction and simulation methodology via Likert scale, and identification of themes from qualitative response items.Inter-professional simulation training activity via an online platform supported student learning for COVID-19 disease information, screening algorithm and decision tree tools and telemedicine delivery. The rapidly implemented virtual training prepares students to graduate whilst also supporting the state during this public health crisis. This work provides a template by which curricula can pivot to meet the needs of all key stakeholders during a time of global crisis.

Wound Closure Skills: Teaching Suturing in Athletic Training Education

Context The examination, diagnosis, and intervention curricular content listed in the 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education Standards for Accreditation of Professional Athletic Training Programs states that learners must be able to evaluate and manage wounds, including care and closure. Although many wound closure techniques exist in clinical practice, suturing may be a necessary skill for athletic trainers (ATs) and one for which they need proper training. Objective To describe the instructional format and step-by-step process for wound closure using the “simple interrupted” method of suturing. Background Athletic training has continued to evolve in terms of the skills that are permitted within the scope of an AT's practice. The skill of wound closure via suturing has been omitted in athletic training programs due to the invasive nature of the technique. As state practice acts continue to adapt, many athletic training programs are adding suturing to their curricular content, and subsequently, a need exists to educate the credentialed AT. Description A multimodal approach to teaching suturing is recommended. This educational technique focuses on the cognitive introduction module that should occur before the skills lab. Step-by-step instructions are available to ensure that educators are able to properly train others in the task and for learners to gain a baseline understanding of the technique. Clinical Advantage(s) Described herein are multiple strategies related to supplies and techniques to be mindful of the resources available for other athletic training programs. In addition, ATs who are trained and permitted to suture can provide improved patient outcomes through comprehensive interventions at the point of care. Conclusion(s) Learners should be taught the skills of suturing including wound cleaning and anesthetizing and given opportunities to practice the skills over time. By providing budget-conscious options and alternative methods of instruction, this skill can be delivered for most programs.

Identification of alternative instructional methods when physical guidance is contraindicated.

Identification of alternative instructional methods when physical guidance is contraindicated.

Scoping Review of Critical Thinking Literature in Healthcare Education

Critical thinking is the process of analyzing and evaluating thinking to make decisions. Critical thinking exposes assumptions, biases, and beliefs that influence clinical reasoning. This scoping review sought to explore instructional approaches for advancing students’ critical thinking in healthcare education. Through analysis of 15 articles, no common definition of critical thinking emerged, nor consensus found on measurement or instructional methods. Some alternative instructional methods such as case-based learning, reflective guided questions, and multiple case exposures, when compared to lecture, did significantly impact learner critical thinking. To determine if critical thinking is an instructional method that would impact implicit biases and healthcare outcomes, five author recommendations are offered from gaps in the existing literature to provide a pathway for future research. To effectively prepare students for clinical practice, long term outcomes are necessary to assess if critical thinking skills can be taught and become part of a professional growth mindset.

Supplemental Material for Identification of Alternative Instructional Methods When Physical Guidance Is Contraindicated

Supplemental Material for Identification of Alternative Instructional Methods When Physical Guidance Is Contraindicated

Analyzing the effects of mathematical discourse-based instruction on eleventh-grade students’ procedural and conceptual understanding of probability and statistics

This study utilized discourse-based instruction as an alternative method of instruction that emphasizes the teaching of mathematics by actively engaging students in mathematical discourse practices. A quasi-experimental study was employed to determine the effectiveness of mathematical discourse-based instruction in enhancing eleventh-grade students’ conceptual and procedural understanding of probability and statistics. A researcher-constructed test instrument was used for data collection from the experimental and control groups. The data analysis performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the experimental group outperformed the control groups in terms of conceptual and procedural knowledge. Furthermore, the results suggest that discourse-based instruction when appropriately designed and implemented can increase students’ understanding of mathematical topics.

A Typology of University Agriculture Students’ Projected Motivations to Study Abroad: An Application of Q Methodology

The study’s purpose was to understand Louisiana State University freshman agriculture students’ projected motivations to study abroad. To achieve this, we used a Q methodological approach. When viewed through the lens of the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation, findings suggested students’ motivations could be interpreted through three typologies: (1) Goal-Oriented Students, (2) Social-Oriented Students, and (3) Learning-Oriented Students. In particular, the Goal-Oriented Students expressed they were motivated to enroll in a study abroad course because they perceived it could enhance their educational and careerrelated ambitions through personal growth. Meanwhile, Social-Oriented Students articulated that the social dimensions of study abroad courses, i.e., networking, relationship building, and opportunities to experience a new culture, served as their primary motivation. Finally, the Learning-Oriented Students reported their desire to gain more agricultural knowledge, experience an alternative method of instruction, and learn to work with diverse populations provided intrinsic value and encouraged them to study abroad in the future. As a consequence, this study’s findings not only broaden the study abroad literature but also provide implications for university administrators and faculty to better accommodate students through recruitment and programming tailored to their motivational needs. Keywords: motivation; Q methodology; study abroad; university agriculture students

A Typology of University Agriculture Students’ Projected Motivations to Study Abroad: An Application of Q Methodology

The study’s purpose was to understand Louisiana State University freshman agriculture students’ projected motivations to study abroad. To achieve this, we used a Q methodological approach. When viewed through the lens of the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation, findings suggested students’ motivations could be interpreted through three typologies: (1) Goal-Oriented Students, (2) Social-Oriented Students, and (3) Learning-Oriented Students. In particular, the Goal-Oriented Students expressed they were motivated to enroll in a study abroad course because they perceived it could enhance their educational and career-related ambitions through personal growth. Meanwhile, Social-Oriented Students articulated that the social dimensions of study abroad courses, i.e., networking, relationship building, and opportunities to experience a new culture, served as their primary motivation. Finally, the Learning-Oriented Students reported their desire to gain more agricultural knowledge, experience an alternative method of instruction, and learn to work with diverse populations provided intrinsic value and encouraged them to study abroad in the future. As a consequence, this study’s findings not only broaden the study abroad literature but also provide implications for university administrators and faculty to better accommodate students through recruitment and programming tailored to their motivational needs.

Disruptions during a pandemic: Gaps identified and lessons learned.

Global disruptions caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) affects all walks of life, and dentistry and dental education are no exceptions. Dental education uniquely blends didactic courses and hands‐on clinical training seamlessly to prepare oral healthcare providers of the future. Apart from economical and access to care implications, closure of all the dental institutions in the United States affects their educational mission greatly, equally disturbing pre‐doctoral and graduate training. Efforts are ongoing to continue the educational mission in dental institutions by delivering scheduled course content remotely using multiple online tools. In spite of those efforts, since clinical experiences cannot be completely replaced by any available alternative method of instruction that is delivered remotely, students are missing out on valuable patient‐based clinical experiences. In this perspective article, we briefly discuss the several implications of COVID‐19, in the context of dental education. We then highlight some of the lessons we can learn from this pandemic which we hope will have several positive implications, including curricular changes, increased public health awareness and preparedness for future public health emergencies.

Development of the BioCalculus Assessment (BCA).

We describe the development and initial validity assessment of the 20-item BioCalculus Assessment (BCA), with the objective of comparing undergraduate life science students’ understanding of calculus concepts in different courses with alternative emphases (with and without focus on biological applications). The development process of the BCA included obtaining input from a large network of scientists and educators as well as students in calculus and biocalculus courses to accumulate evidential support of the instrument’s content validity and response processes of test takers. We used the Rasch model to examine the internal structure of scores from students who have experienced calculus instruction in the two methods. The analysis involved three populations (Calculus 1, Calculus 2, and Biocalculus) for which the Calc 1 and Calc 2 students were not exposed to calculus concepts in a life science setting, while the Biocalculus students were presented concepts explicitly with a life science emphasis. Overall, our findings indicate that the BCA has reasonable validity properties, providing a diagnostic tool to assess the relative learning success and calculus comprehension of undergraduate biology majors from alternative methods of instruction that do or do not emphasize life science examples.

Examining the Effects of Using Polya’s Problem- solving Model on Mathematical Academic Achievement and Analyzing Ability of the Fourth Grade Students

The study sought to investigate the effects of Polya’s Problem-Solving Model (PPSM) on learning achievement and analyzing ability in mathematics of fourth grade students. The sample of 32 students out of three sections was selected purposively as the subject of the study. Pretest and posttest one-group experimental design, achievement test and time series record were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and t-test. The t-test analysis revealed a statistical significant difference between the mean scores of in favor of posttest (M=13.78; SD=3.02) than the pretest (M=6.66; SD=2.44) at p=.00, indicating the improvement in the mathematical academic achievement using PPSM. Moreover, the time series record also showed that there was significant progression in the performances of the students after the inclusion of the PPSM. Thus, this study recommends the implementation of PPSM as an alternative method of instruction in teaching and learning of mathematical problem solving.

Flipping Roles: Exploring the Impact of a Flipped Classroom Method on the Student Success Rate in a Pharmacology Course

There are an estimated 1.05 million job postings across the United States for registered nurses by the year 2022. To answer for this demand, nursing programs across the nation are undertaking quality improvement initiatives to increase student success and graduation rates. Referencing Ausebel’s Assimilation Theory and motivated by the research question: Did the introduction of the active, flipped classroom make a difference in student success rates when compared to the student success rates in the traditional class room in a pharmacology course a retrospective data analysis was performed. The relationship between student success rates in the flipped classroom were compared to the relationship of student success rates in the traditional classroom based on the comprehensive final examination. There were 169 final examination scores extracted for data analysis 90 traditional classroom, 79 flipped classroom examination scores were extracted for data analysis. Independent t-tests were used to compare the means of the final examination scores in the traditional classroom to the means of the final examination scores in the flipped classroom. The findings of the research indicated there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the traditional classroom (M= 81.7, SD= 6.3) and the mean scores in the flipped classroom (M= 80.1, SD= 7.8, t(135)= 1.39, p= .15). Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the flipped classroom can be utilized as an alternative method of instruction in the course as well as in other courses within the nursing program.

The effectiveness of traditional Basic Life Support training and alternative technology‐enhanced methods in high schools

Background:Implementation of resuscitation training in school programs is a promising approach to improve rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation use by trained bystanders. Unfortunately, theoretical cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction alone is not sufficiently effective in developing practical skills.Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of traditional Basic Life Support training and alternative instructional methods to achieve learning objectives of Basic Life Support education.Methods:This quasi‐experimental study was conducted in a secondary school in Ankara, Turkey. Eighty‐three voluntary students were randomly allocated to theoretical (Group A), video‐based (Group B), and mobile‐assisted video‐based instructions (Group C). All groups were led by the course teacher. Assessments were conducted in training and again 1 week later. Assessments were based on Basic Life Support knowledge and confidence performance scores.Results:Statistically significant difference was found for the groups’ Confidence Scale scores (F(2, 73) = 3.513, p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.088); Group C (6.76 ± 1.70) scored higher than Group A. The groups’ Basic Life Support checklist scores were statistically significant (F(2, 73) = 28.050, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.435); Group C (32.32 ± 3.84) scored higher than the other groups. Statistically significant difference was found for the groups’ measurable Basic Life Support scores (F(2, 73) = 13.527, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.270); and Group C (23.76 ± 3.98) scored higher than the other groups.Conclusion:Our findings showed that all instruction methods led to increased Basic Life Support knowledge scores. The mobile‐assisted program significantly increased knowledge scores. Same‐group high‐quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation parameters were more positive than the other instruction groups except for hand position. Group C students expressed higher confidence in their ability to act in an emergency when witnessing a victim collapse.

Team-based learning in business courses: The application of case studies and simulation games

INTRODUCCIO. El domini en disciplines amb una gran orientacio practica, com la gestio d’empreses, no esta determinat directament pel grau de coneixement, sino per la capacitat d’aplicar teories economiques i de gestio al mon real. Aquesta naturalesa practica posa en relleu la insuficiencia de les tecniques educatives tradicionals per a l’ensenyament, consistents en lectures i classes magistrals, i condueix a l’aparicio de metodes instructius alternatius, com els fonamentats en l’aprenentatge basat en equips (ABE). METODE. Concretament, hi ha dos instruments l’us dels quals s’ha anat incrementant en educacio empresarial: els estudis de casos i les simulacions. RESULTATS. En aquesta investigacio, els dos instruments son analitzats detalladament amb l’objectiu de determinar si el seu us en la fase d’aplicacio de l’ABE es una alternativa apropiada, atesa la naturalesa practica d’aquesta fase. DISCUSSIO. Basada en l’avaluacio d’aquestes tecniques, la nostra investigacio suggereix que la implementacio conjunta d’ambdos instruments pot resultar especialment beneficiosa i desembocar en millors resultats d’aprenentatge i d’adquisicio de capacitats, ates que cada un produeix efectes diferents i, al seu torn, valuosos.

Best teaching practices in anatomy education: A critical review

In this report we review the range of teaching resources and strategies used in anatomy education with the aim of coming up with suggestions about the best teaching practices in this area. There is much debate about suitable methods of delivering anatomical knowledge. Competent clinicians, particularly surgeons, need a deep understanding of anatomy for safe clinical procedures. However, because students have had very limited exposure to anatomy during clinical training, there is a concern that medical students are ill-prepared in anatomy when entering clerkships and residency programs. Therefore, developing effective modalities for teaching anatomy is essential to safe medical practice. Cadaver-based instruction has survived as the main instructional tool for hundreds of years, however, there are differing views on whether full cadaver dissection is still appropriate for a modern undergraduate training. The limitations on curricular time, trained anatomy faculty and resources for gross anatomy courses in integrated or/and system-based curricula, have led many medical schools to abandon costly and time-consuming dissection-based instruction in favour of alternative methods of instruction including prosection, medical imaging, living anatomy and multimedia resources. To date, no single teaching tool has been found to meet curriculum requirements. The best way to teach modern anatomy is by combining multiple pedagogical resources to complement one another, students appear to learn more effectively when multimodal and system-based approaches are integrated. Our review suggests that certain professions would have more benefit from certain educational methods or strategies than others. Full body dissection would be best reserved for medical students, especially those with surgical career intentions, while teaching based on prosections and plastination is more suitable for dental, pharmacy and allied health science students. There is a need to direct future research towards evaluation of the suitability of the new teaching methodologies in new curricula and student perceptions of integrated and multimodal teaching paradigms, and the ability of these to satisfy learning outcomes.