Alternative Medicine Therapies Research Articles

A REVIEW ON EFFECTIVENESS OF AROMATHERAPY ON MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Aromatherapy has been used as an alternative medicine and complementary therapy, for the effective treatment of mental health and well-being. Essential oil is the main agents, which is abstracted from the flower, bark, roots, leaves or certain parts of plants which contains aromatic molecules in the cells of the plants (Steflitsch & Steflitsch, 2008). Objectives: this study aims to know the effectiveness of aromatherapy on mental health and well-being. Aromatherapy may be utilized to provide advantages through inhalation, topical application, and baths. Aromatherapy can treat depression, indigestion, headaches, sleeplessness, muscular discomfort, respiratory problems, skin illnesses, swollen joints, and urinary issues (Ali, et al, 2015). Aromatherapy can be benefited by adopting a balanced and healthy diet, as well as taking precautions recommended by health specialists and aromatherapist. This review paper is based on secondary data collected through literature searches in electronic journals and book reviews, which were analyse and assess articles from certain journals utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, Academia, Science Direct, Web of Science, and the Library Search.

Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Psoriasis.

Despite recent advancements in psoriasis treatment, challenges in management persist. Recently, there has been a rising interest amongst patients in complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), driven by the desire for more natural, holistic approaches and dissatisfaction with conventional treatments. Up to 41% of patients with psoriasis reported using alternative therapies and 39.5% use complementary therapies (Murphy EC, Nussbaum D, Prussick R, Friedman AJ (2019) Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 81:280-283). Despite their rapidly growing prevalence, literature on CAM therapies for psoriasis is lacking, making their recommendation difficult. Since the last systematic review on this topic published in 2018, evidence for new alternative therapies has emerged, promoting a further investigation of their efficacy (Gamret AC, Price A, Fertig RM, Lev-Tov H, Nichols AJ (2018) Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies for Psoriasis: A Systematic Review. JAMA Dermatol 154:1330-1337). This systematic review aims to compile recent literature on the most studied alternative therapies for psoriasis and further discuss their effectiveness in order to counsel clinicians in guiding patients on the use of these non-standard approaches. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on complementary and alternative therapies in psoriasis from March 2018 through April 2024, resulting in 12 studies being included in this review. The preliminary results for many treatments such as curcumin, dietary modification and additions, indigo naturalis, meditation, acupuncture, and balneotherapy showed positive clinical effects. However, additional well-designed randomized trials are needed to confirm the potential beneficial effects and to establish safety of use.

The role of alternative medicine and complimentary therapies in urologic disease: New horizons.

The world of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) encompasses a wide range of practices, treatments, and products that fall outside the realm of conventional (mainstream) medicine. The use of complementary and CAM has become increasingly popular in Western nations. People are turning to CAM for a variety of reasons, including managing chronic diseases, relieving symptoms of various conditions, and improving their overall health and well-being. There's a growing trend of people using and showing interest in complementary and alternative medicine therapies, especially in Western countries. CAM encompasses a wide range of treatments, some offering complete alternatives to conventional medicine, while others aim to complement existing medical approaches. Urologists should stay informed about CAM to guide their patients effectively to treat patients in a modern and personalized way. The aim of review is to analyze the scenario of complimentary and alternative medicine with a specific focus in the urological field.

Use of complementary and alternative medicine in head and neck cancer: Salutary or noxious

Head and neck cancer (HNC) presents intricate challenges in its treatment that may result in adversative local effects impacting patient's critical functions and well-being. Alternatively, patients increasingly explore several other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Though clinical trials of certain CAM modalities have shown effectiveness in managing symptoms and risk behaviours allied with HNC and its treatment, evidence also suggests a need for heed. CAM usage may lead to substantial treatment delays and adverse effects with persistent concerns regarding its efficacy, safety, and potential interactions with conventional treatments, ultimately compromising therapeutic outcomes. Addressing concerns to conventional cancer care and encouraging informed decision-making are critical in ensuring comprehensive and timely interferences for HNC patients. Besides, integrating evidence-based CAM cautiously with conventional approaches holds potential for optimizing cancer management strategies.

Effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Physical Therapies in Peripheral Arterial Disease with Intermittent Claudication: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Physical Therapies in Peripheral Arterial Disease with Intermittent Claudication: A Systematic Review

Beyond standard treatment: A qualitative descriptive study of cancer patients' perceptions of hypnotherapy in cancer care

Background and purposeCancer remains a leading cause of death in Australia. The number of new cancer cases diagnosed each year is expected to surpass 200,000 by 2033. This marks a significant increase from about 88,000 cases in 2000 to an estimated 165,000 cases in 2023. Despite advancements in treatment, emotional and psychological challenges in cancer care are often overlooked. This study focuses on hypnotherapy, a complementary therapy recognized for its efficacy for physical and emotional symptoms, yet underutilized in Australian cancer care. The research aims to explore patients' perceptions of hypnotherapy and identify barriers to its integration, contributing to the development of holistic, patient-centered cancer care models. Materials and methodsA qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews was conducted with 14 adult cancer patients (breast, lung, and colorectal) undergoing active treatment, selected through convenience sampling. The interviews were carried out from May 2022 to August 2023, focusing on participants' experiences and attitudes toward hypnotherapy among other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke's six-step framework was applied to the data. ResultsFive themes were developed following analysis: 1) emotional roller coaster of cancer diagnosis, 2) participants’ perspectives on hypnotherapy among other CAM modalities, 3) hypnotherapy as a psychological vs physiological support, 4) fringe benefits of hypnosis, and 5) the main hurdles: cost and lack of information. Participants expressed a diverse range of experiences and attitudes towards hypnotherapy and CAM, with a strong emphasis on the need for emotional support in cancer care. Although hypnotherapy was recognized for its potential to address both emotional and physical symptoms, its predominant use was for emotional well-being. Participants also highlighted the importance of attitudes and endorsements from healthcare providers in their decision-making process about CAM therapies. ConclusionThe study findings emphasize the need for a more integrative and patient-centered approach in cancer care that includes hypnotherapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for physical and particularly emotional support. Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential value of hypnotherapy and consider patient preferences in their recommendations. In addition, addressing the identified barriers could improve the accessibility and integration of hypnotherapy into cancer care protocols in Australia.

Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antimetastatic and Apoptotic Activities of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Extracts: Comparison with MCF-7 and MCF-12A Cells

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an important medicinal plant due to its composition of several bioactive substances, high antioxidant activity, rich inulin content and produces functional food ingredients. Complementary alternative medicine therapies become more popular for cancer treatments because of higher efficiency, lower cost and minimum side effects. This study reported anti-cancer efficiency of both shell and tuber extract of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on different breast cell lines with the purpose of discovering new alternative medicine therapies. Cytotoxic effects of JA were evaluated by XTT method by using different concentrations on different incubation times (24h, 48h and 72h). Invasion, adhesion and apoptotic studies were performed with IC50 values for 48h and 72h. JA extracts do not show cytotoxic activity on healthy human breast cell, while they induce tumoral cell death with dose and time-dependent manner. The most effective doses of tuber and shell extracts were 108.8 µM and 134.2 µM at 48h and 20 µM ve 5 µM at 72h, respectively. It demonstrated robust anti-metastatic activity on MCF-7 cell lines because it inhibited adhesion, and invasion, significantly. TMRE and AnnexinV/7AAD staining were used for determine to mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology, respectively The results were found consistent with each other. Overall, this paper which first in literature demonstrates the anti-cancer efficacy of the JA both tuber and shell extract which can be proposed as a potent candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.

Usefulness of Biodecoding as a complement in the treatment of different diseases

Introduction: Biodecoding is an integrative and holistic method that allows us to know through the symptoms what the emotional origin of a disease may be.Aim: Determine, from the consultation of scientific literature texts, the usefulness of biodecoding as a complement to the treatment of different diseases.Methods: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out; for the bibliographic search information collected from the Google scholar, Scopus and Medigraphic databases was used.Results: Deppresion, anxiety and high blood pressure are among the diseases in which the effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated the most.Conclusion: This therapy has proven to be effective whether used alone or combined with other alternative and complementary medicine therapies

The antidepressive mechanism of Longya Lilium combined with Fluoxetine in mice with depression-like behaviors

Traditional Chinese medicine is one of the most commonly used complementary and alternative medicine therapies for depression. Integrated Chinese-western therapies have been extensively applied in numerous diseases due to their superior efficiency in individual treatment. We used the meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and bioinformatics studies to identify the putative role of Longya Lilium combined with Fluoxetine in depression. Depression-like behaviors were mimicked in mice after exposure to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The underlying potential mechanism of this combination therapy was further explored based on in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze the expression of COX-2, PGE2, and IL-22, activation of microglial cells, and neuron viability and apoptosis in the hippocampus. The antidepressant effect was noted for the combination of Longya Lilium with Fluoxetine in mice compared to a single treatment. COX-2 was mainly expressed in hippocampal CA1 areas. Longya Lilium combined with Fluoxetine reduced the expression of COX-2 and thus alleviated depression-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice. A decrease of COX-2 curtailed BV-2 microglial cell activation, inflammation, and neuron apoptosis by blunting the PGE2/IL-22 axis. Therefore, a combination of Longya Lilium with Fluoxetine inactivates the COX-2/PGE2/IL-22 axis, consequently relieving the neuroinflammatory response and the resultant depression.

The efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for depression: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Depression is a common public health problem, characterized by persistent low mood, lack of pleasure and exhaustion. Conventional treatments such as antidepressants and psychotherapy have some limitations, including variable efficacy, adverse side effects and high costs. Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) therapy, as a subtype of acupuncture, has gained increasing clinical application due to its long-term effects, higher patient compliance, and cost-effectiveness. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACE for depression. Electronic searches will be conducted in 12 databases (both in English and Chinese databases), encompassing from inception to April 2022, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involve ACE for treating depression will be included. The primary outcome measures will include the response rate, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (TCMSSS). The secondary outcome measure will include Quality of Life scale score (QoL) and the incidence of adverse events. Results will be presented as risk ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The methodological quality of eligible studies will be evaluated according to the criteria specified by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0). Meta-analysis will be performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Due to the limitations, a safer, high-efficacy and non-pharmacological intervention with minimal side effects is required for treating depression. ACE has the advantages of longer-lasting effects, improved patient compliance, and reduced treatment costs. This protocol represents a meta-analysis and systematic review, aiming to present the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ACE for depression. It seeks to provide clinicians with a theoretical basis and valuable references for complementary and alternative medicine therapies in their treatment approaches. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, Identifier CRD42022325966.

Awareness and utilization of complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in managing mentally ill patients at Dorayi psychiatric rehabilitation center, Kano, Nigeria

Awareness and utilization of complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in managing mentally ill patients at Dorayi psychiatric rehabilitation center, Kano, Nigeria

A comprehensive review of Yoga's impact on Immunomodulatory Functions and Microbiome in Obesity

The issue of food security is often viewed through the lens of scarcity, but an equally critical concern is the global rise of obesity resulting from excessive energy intake and insufficient expenditure. Affluent societies, driven by food trends favoring energy-dense, nutrient-poor diets coupled with sedentary lifestyles, grapple with the burgeoning problem of overweight and obesity. India, too, faces a surge in obesity, contributing to lifestyle-related and metabolic disorders. Multiple factors, including diet, genetics, environment, and notably, a lack of physical activity, contribute to this health crisis. Obesity, marked by low-grade inflammation, significantly impacts immune function. Research indicates alterations in the intestinal immune system, fostering a pro-inflammatory environment linked to metabolic disorders associated with obesity. True health encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being, transcending the mere absence of disease. Lifestyle elements like environment, sleep, diet, and exercise play pivotal roles in maintaining good health. Yoga, emerging as a prominent Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapy, holds promise for enhancing physiological and psychological health. In addressing obesity and modulating immune functions, non-invasive, non-pharmaceutical interventions, like yoga, offer viable solutions. Studies attest to yoga's positive impact on inflammatory markers in the obese, yet a comprehensive understanding of its effects on immunomodulation and the gut microbiome in obesity within the context of Indian and Yogic systems warrants deeper exploration. Incorporating such holistic approaches into daily routines could provide effective strategies for combating obesity and promoting overall well-being.

Experience of Diabetic Patients for the Usage of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapy

Background: Diabetes is common in every community, but its management always seems to be challenging. The alternative medicine (AM) therapies in multiple ways have been widely accepted by individuals suffering from various diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge and experience of diabetic patients towards the implication of multiple AM therapies. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and experiences of diabetic patients regarding the use of various alternative medicine therapies. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, and statistical software SPSS was employed for data analysis. Results: Out of 469 diabetic patients, 123 were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, 333 had type 2 diabetes, and the remaining patients had gestational diabetes. A majority of the diabetic patients (61.3%) reported that combining alternative medicine (AM) with allopathic diabetic medicines effectively controlled their blood sugar levels. Interestingly, 64.7% of patients received recommendations from diabetologists to incorporate AM therapies into their treatment plans. Among all diabetic patients, 85.3% believed that AM therapies had no side effects. Herbal medicines/herbs were favored by 28.7% of diabetic patients, while 15.4% and 14.5% reported experiencing the effectiveness of homeopathy and yoga, respectively, for diabetic therapy. Conclusion: This comprehensive study reveals the potential of alternative medicine therapies in managing diabetes. However, it emphasizes the importance of exercising caution when relying solely on specific complementary and alternative medicine approaches during the follow-up process.

Comparison of two methods of complementary medicine on postoperative pain and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial.

Postoperative pain and anxiety are unpleasant situations that are often experienced by women undergoing cesarean section. Since the routine methods of pain relief after surgery is still inadequate, the need for complementary treatments is felt. Foot Reflexology (FR) and Auricular Acupressure (AA) are two of the most popular and safe procedures of complementary and alternative medicine therapies. So, this study aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of reflexology and AA on postoperative pain and anxiety. This three-group randomized clinical trial study was performed on 101 pregnant women, admitted to Mashhad Omolbanin hospital, for a cesarean section, in 2015. In the intervention groups, 2-3 h after the operation, AA or FR was performed for 20 min. Routine care was provided for the control group. Pain and anxiety were evaluated by VAS and Spielberger anxiety questionnaire before and 1 and 2 h after the intervention. The results showed that immediately after the intervention, pain intensity was significantly lower in both AA and FR groups (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. In addition, 2 h after the interventions, pain intensity was significantly lower in the AA group compared with the control group (P = 0.006). However, no significant differences were observed between the FR and the control groups (P = 0.095). In addition, 1 and 2 h after the intervention, anxiety was significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.033 and P = 0.018), respectively. The results of the Tukey test showed that this difference was only between FR and control groups (P = 0.025 and P = 0.017), respectively. AA is more effective in reducing post-cesarean pain while FR effectively reduces post-cesarean anxiety. Therefore, these complementary medicine treatments as easy and noninvasive methods are recommended to be used during labor for improving maternal outcomes.

A Review on Prevalence, economic and Safety about over the counter drugs (OTC)

This review article focuses on two main topics: the use and impact of over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and the management of osteoarthritis (OA). For OTC medications, the article highlights their increasing prevalence and economic significance from 2020 to 2023. The prevalence of OTC medication usage rose significantly from 37.7% in 2020 to 85.4% in 2023, with a similar upward trend in economic impact, reaching 79.6% in 2023. The safety of these medications is compared with other agents, particularly multivitamins, which are deemed safer and more effective. The article examines a variety of OTC medications including those for colds, allergies, digestive issues, pain, and more, concluding that in 2023, OTC medications are not only more commonly used but also carry significant economic weight. It critically reviews various treatment options, advocating for a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. This includes patient education, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine, surgery, and physical therapy, among others. The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and a tailored treatment plan. It advocates for healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of OA management, stressing the importance of combining different therapies for optimal patient outcomes.

Managing depression with complementary and alternative medicine therapies: a scientometric analysis and visualization of research activities.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions may prove to be an attractive option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this scientometric analysis is to determine the global scientific output of research regarding managing depression with CAM and identify the hotspots and frontiers within this theme. Publications regarding the utilization of CAM for treating depression were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection from 1993 to 2022, and analyzed and visualized by Bibliometrix R-package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. A total of 1,710 publications were acquired. The number of annual publications showed an overall rapid upward trend, with the figure peaking at 179 in 2021. The USA was the leading research center. Totally 2,323 distinct institutions involving 7,638 scholars contributed to the research theme. However, most of the cooperation was limited to within the same country, institution or research team. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine was the most productive periodical. The CAM therapies of most interest to researchers were acupuncture and body-mind techniques, such as yoga, meditation and mindfulness. Systematic review and meta-analysis are commonly used methods. "Inflammation," "rating scale" and "psychological stress" were identified as the most studied trend topics recently. Managing depression with evidence-based CAM treatment is gaining attention globally. Body-mind techniques and acupuncture are growing research hotspots or emerging trending topics. Future studies are predicted to potentially investigate the possible mechanisms of action underlying CAM treatments in reducing depression in terms of modulation of psychological stress and inflammation levels. Cross-countries/institutes/team research collaborations should be encouraged and further enhanced.

Effects of Herbal Products on Menorrhagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context: Menorrhagia is an important healthcare challenge. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are strategies with potential positive effects on menorrhagia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically assess the effects of herbal products on menorrhagia. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Barekat Gostar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and IranDoc international and Iranian databases, in addition to the Google Scholar search engine, were searched without any time or language limitation (updated until 02.07.2022). Eligible studies were combined through the random-effects model based on their sample sizes, mean scores, and standard deviations. Data analysis was performed at a significance level of less than 0.05 using STATA software (version 14.0). Results: Nineteen trials on 1715 women (856 and 859 subjects in the control and intervention groups, respectively) were reviewed. After the intervention, menstrual bleeding severity in the first, second, and third cycles (P &lt; 0.001) and the number of menstrual days in the first (P &lt; 0.001), second (P &lt; 0.001), and third (P = 0.487) menstrual cycles significantly decreased in the herbal products group. There were no significant between-group differences regarding the bleeding severity at the pretest (P &lt; 0.001) and in the third cycle (P &lt; 0.001) and the number of menstrual days at the pretest (P = 0.131) and in the second (P &lt; 0.001) and third cycles (P = 0.014). However, the bleeding severity in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in the first (P &lt; 0.001) and second cycles (P &lt; 0.001), and the number of menstrual days in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in the first cycle (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Herbal products are effective in significantly reducing bleeding severity and the number of menstrual days among women with menorrhagia, and their effects reduce over time.

A Spectrum of Solutions: Unveiling Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Manage Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that causes difficulty while socializing and communicating and the performance of stereotyped behavior. ASD is thought to have a variety of causes when accompanied by genetic disorders and environmental variables together, resulting in abnormalities in the brain. A steep rise in ASD has been seen regardless of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical therapeutic techniques. Therefore, using complementary and alternative therapies to treat autism could be very significant. Thus, this review is completely focused on non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions which include different diets, supplements, antioxidants, hormones, vitamins and minerals to manage ASD. Additionally, we also focus on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, herbal remedies, camel milk and cannabiodiol. Additionally, we concentrate on how palatable phytonutrients provide a fresh glimmer of hope in this situation. Moreover, in addition to phytochemicals/nutraceuticals, it also focuses on various microbiomes, i.e., gut, oral, and vaginal. Therefore, the current comprehensive review opens a new avenue for managing autistic patients through non-pharmacological intervention.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Yoga, Naturopathy, and Conventional Medical Treatment in Managing Low Back Pain

Yoga, regarded as an art, science, and philosophy, encompasses various dimensions of human existence, including the physical, mental, and spiritual realms. Its potential for enhancing life's purpose and nobility is noteworthy. Patient expectations in the context of treatment outcomes, particularly for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies, remain inadequately explored. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three distinct interventions—Yoga, Naturopathy, and Conventional medical management—in alleviating pain, reducing disability, enhancing spinal mobility, and improving the quality of life in individuals with low back pain. Ninety participants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into three groups. The first group (group 1) received Yoga intervention, the second group (group 2) received Naturopathy treatments, and the third group served as the control (conventional medications). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Flexion Test-Finger to Floor Test (FTFT) results, and Quality of Life (QOL) were assessed at baseline and after a 10-day intervention period for all groups. Overall comparisons between the groups, utilizing ANOVA, revealed marked differences in pain severity, disability index, daily functional capacity, and Quality of Life (QoL) improvements following respective interventions. Substantial improvements were also noted within the yoga and naturopathic medicine groups across multiple variables.

Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode.

Acupuncture is one of the most extensively used complementary and alternative medicine therapies worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide acupuncture-like physical stimulus to the skin tissue, but in a completely non-invasive way. A computational modeling framework has been developed to investigate the light-tissue interaction within a three-dimensional multi-layer model of skin tissue. Finite element-based analysis has been conducted, to obtain the spatiotemporal temperature distribution within the skin tissue, by solving Pennes' bioheat transfer equation, coupled with the Beer-Lambert law. The irradiation profile of the LED has been experimentally characterized and imposed in the numerical model. The experimental validation of the developed model has been conducted through comparing the numerical model predictions with those obtained experimentally on the agar phantom. The effects of the LED power, treatment duration, LED distance from the skin surface, and usage of multiple LEDs on the temperature distribution attained within the skin tissue have been systematically investigated, highlighting the safe operating power of the selected LEDs. The presented information about the spatiotemporal temperature distribution, and critical factors affecting it, would assist in better optimizing the desired thermal dosage, thereby enabling a safe and effective LED-based photothermal therapy.