Alternative Technique Research Articles

Determination of the time location points and investigation of the body sensor network using RATDMA and PATDMA

Wireless body sensor networks have gained significant importance across diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, and sports. This research is concentrated on sports applications, specifically exploring the viability of a wireless body area network tailored for high-performing athletes. The paper is divided into three sections. First, the design of the node location that is used for real-time monitoring of a sportsperson in which the node position, such as the human thigh, foot, arm, wrist, and chest, was estimated and the best position was selected. Second, the accuracy of an application when related to the other schemes such as TDMA with ZigBee and RA-TDMA & PA-TDMA was done. The reliability using RA-TDMA performed well and showed approximately 98% reliability. Finally, the features of wireless communiqués that affect the presentation of the network for RA-TDMA were estimated, such as delay and jitter. These findings collectively contribute to advancing the understanding of optimizing wireless body sensor networks for sports applications, with notable achievements including the identification of the arm as the optimal sensor placement, achieving a 98% success rate, and surpassing alternative techniques in network performance parameters like packet delivery rate.

Developing a restaurant recommended system via the Vietnamese food image classification

A recommendation system is a system that recommends products and services to users based on daily online searching habits. The recommender system is applied in many fields such as job searching, health care, education, music, and tourism. However, few studies have combined computer vision and collaborative filtering to build a restaurant recommendation system in the tourism sector. In this study, we presented a solution to build a restaurant recommendation system through Vietnamese food image classification. First, we used ResNet-34 which is a variant of the convolutional neural network to classify Vietnamese food images. Then, the system applied the alternative least square technique in matrix factorization and Apache Spark in distributed computing to train the restaurant location dataset. The output was the most relevant restaurant places list to show many choices to users. The experimental datasets included the Vietnamese image and the restaurant location datasets that were collected from kaggle.com and foody.vn websites. For image classification task evaluation, we compared ResNet-34 to variants of ResNet. For the restaurant recommendation task evaluation, we compared alternative least squares with k-nearest neighbor. The comparison results show that the proposed solution is better than traditional popular models.

Structured water uses in improving rhizosphere microbiota and growth of Cleistocactus strausii

Research objective: The paper presents the results of research aiming plant growth and to stimulate microbial communities in rhizosphere of Cleistocactus strausii which was watered with structured water under controlled conditions. Materials and Methods: The experiments, which began in January 2023, were conducted in the CREA-OF greenhouses in Pescia (PT), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Cleistocactus strausii. The plants were placed in ø12 cm pots; 30 plants per thesis, divided into 3 replicates of 10 plants each. The experimental groups were: i) group without structured water, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate; ii) group with structured water, previously fertilised substrate. On 20 January 2024, plant height, stem circumference, vegetative weight, root weight, root lenght, number of new suckers, microbial count in the plants (evaluation of the type of bacteria and fungi in the substrate) were measured. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of structured water can improve the vegetative and root growth of Cleistocactus strausii plants grown in pots. The treatment also resulted in an increase in plant height, stem circumference, root hair length and number of new suckers. The trial also highlighted how the use of structured water in plant growing media can increase bacterial and fungal biodiversity in terms of number and taxonomic diversity. In fact, the substrates of the treated plants showed the presence of 5 different bacterial and fungal taxa compared to the control. The presence of fewer plants affected by biotic phytopathologies is evident in the treatment with structured water. Conclusions: Specifically, structured water has been shown to promote the growth of Cleistocactus strausii, according to experimental results. Plant height, vegetative and root biomass were significantly increased. Additionally, the number of useful microorganisms found on the substrate of theses treated with structured water increased, which likely supported plant growth improvement. Plants can also be affected by microorganisms in their substrates if they are exposed to biotic or abiotic stress. These aspects consequently become very interesting for the grower who can reduce the use of water and fertilisers and increase the quality of the plants by using alternative techniques.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A SOLAR-POWERED ATMOSPHERIC WATER GENERATOR

Drinking water availability is a major trouble in some regions in Libya because of the lack of water sources. The atmospheric water generator (AWG) is one of the alternative techniques for freshwater recuperation from the atmosphere, which condensed the moisture content of water vapor from the air directly. This paper affords an experimental study of AWG in Libyan climate conditions . In this study, a transportable AWG was experimentally studied. The effect of varied humidity, inlet airflow, and temperature, on AWG productivity and the energy required. The amount of generated water increases with the increase in temperature, humidity, and inlet airflow, reaching its peak (16.9 ml/(m3 of air)) at 32.9 °C and 49 % humidity, and it’s lowest value (6.85 ml/(m3 of air)) 29.5°C and 55 % humidity. The maximum production efficiency of AWG was 93.430% at temperature 32.9 °C, humidity 49% , airflow 76.392 m3/hr, and 1048.5 Watt .

The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Fiscal Behaviour of Local Government in Ethiopia

This paper examines the effect of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on the fiscal behaviour of local governments in Ethiopia for the period 2004-2018. The empirical findings suggest that central government grants bolster state-level employment and expenditure. However, grants from the central government to states do not crowd out state-level revenue collection. Hence, this paper argues that fiscal decentralisation in Ethiopia has mostly, at least in theory, taken the form of devolution of the power to tax and spend public money. However, on average state-level revenue can only finance up to 26 percent of their annual expenditure. As a result, fiscal federalism in Ethiopia appears to be a delegation of spending responsibilities. It must be considered in a decentralized tax system, but with a transfer scheme and political hierarchy. The results are robust to alternative econometric estimation techniques.

Limb salvage reconstruction of the lower limb with complex ankle arthrodesis and magnetic internal lengthening nail.

With advances in orthopedic implants, the use of intramedullary lengthening devices has gained increasing popularity as an alternative technique compared to lengthening with external fixators, with alleged comparable or better outcomes. The aim of this study is to report our single-center technique and outcomes of combined ankle arthrodesis and proximal tibial lengthening using external fixator with a motorized intramedullary nail, respectively. Fourteen patients with post-traumatic advanced ankle arthritis underwent staged ankle arthrodesis with external fixator and proximal tibial lengthening using the PRECICE® ILN. Amount of shortening, length achieved, bone healing index, infection rate, ankle fusion rate, and ASAMI score were evaluated. The average age was 44 years old (range, 30-62). The mean follow up is 70 months (range, 43-121.4). The average amount of limb shortening for patients after ankle fusion was 36.7 mm (18-50) while lengthening was 35.9 mm (range, 18-50). Patients had the nail implanted for an average of 479 days (range, 248-730). Ankle fusions were healed in an average of 178.3 days. There were no surgical infections. All osteotomy-lengthening sites healed after an average 202 days (106-365). The mean bone healing index (BHI) was 56.0 days/cm (21.2-123.6) among the whole cohort. There were no cases of nonunion. ASAMI bone scores were excellent or good among all patients. Ankle arthrodesis with external fixation along with proximal tibial lengthening using motorized IMN yielded high rates of fusion and successful lengthening. This technique could be offered as a reasonable alternative to using external fixation for both purposes. Level IV, Retrospective cohort study.

Lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy performed with a percutaneous burr results in a significantly lower increase in tarsal tunnel pressure.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is well documented following lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy to manage varus hindfoot deformity. Traditionally, calcaneal osteotomy is performed with an oscillating saw. No studies have investigated the effect of alternative surgical techniques on postoperative tarsal tunnel pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in tarsal tunnel pressures following lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy performed using a high-torque, low-speed "minimally invasive surgery" (MIS) Shannon burr versus an oscillating saw. Lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy was performed on 10 below-knee cadaveric specimens. This was conducted on 5 specimens each using an oscillating saw (Saw group) or MIS burr (Burr group). The calcaneal tuberosity was translated 1cm laterally and transfixed using 2 Kirschner wires. Tarsal tunnel pressure was measured before and after osteotomy via ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle barometer. Mean pre/post-osteotomy pressures were compared between groups. Differences were analyzed using Student's t test. The mean pre-procedure tarsal tunnel pressure was 25.8 ± 5.1mm Hg in the Saw group and 26.4 ± 4.3mm Hg in the Burr group (p = 0.85). The mean post-procedure pressure was 63.4 ± 5.1 in the Saw group and 47.8 ± 4.3 in the Burr group (p = 0.01). Change in tarsal tunnel pressure was significantly lower in the Burr group (21.4 ± 4.5) compared to the Saw group (37.6 ± 12.5) (p = 0.03). The increase in tarsal tunnel pressure was 43% lower in the Burr group. In this cadaveric study, tarsal tunnel pressure increase after lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy was significantly lower when using a burr versus a saw. This is likely because the increased width ("kerf") of the 3mm MIS burr, compared to the submillimeter saw blade width, causes calcaneal shortening. Given the smaller increase in tarsal tunnel pressure, using the MIS burr for lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy may decrease the risk of postoperative tarsal tunnel syndrome. Future research in vivo should explore this.

Comparison of facet fusion rates and clinical outcomes between cortical bone trajectory screw and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis

BACKGROUND CONTEXTCortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws have been introduced as an alternative technique for pedicle screw (PS) insertion because they have greater contact with the cortex and a greater uniaxial pullout load than traditional PS. CBT screwing can also minimize muscle dissection. However, CBT screws and traditional PSs have not yet been compared in terms of fusion rates and clinical outcomes for particular operative procedures. PURPOSEThis study aimed to assess the fusion rate and clinical outcomes of facet fusion (FF) fixed with CBT screws (CBT-FF) and to compare them with those of FF fixed with percutaneous PS (PPS-FF). STUDY DESIGNRetrospective study. PATIENT SAMPLERecords of 68 patients who underwent CBT-FF for single-level degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) with at least 1 year of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. The control group comprised 143 patients who underwent PPS-FF under the same conditions. OUTCOME MEASURESComputed tomography was performed to confirm fusion. Therapeutic effectiveness was assessed as a clinical outcome using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and visual analog scale (VAS) preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The rate of revision surgery was also calculated. Intraoperative blood loss was measured. METHODSFusion rate, clinical outcomes, revision surgery rate, and intraoperative blood loss of CBT-FF and PPS-FF were compared. RESULTSThe CBT-FF and PPS-FF fusion rates were 91.2% and 90.1%, respectively. The JOABPEQ category scores demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness in 74.5% and 77.1% of the patients for low back pain; the corresponding proportions for walking ability were 84.7% and 89.3%, respectively. No significant differences in therapeutic effectiveness were observed for any category, including the RMDQ and VAS scores for buttock and lower limb pain. Three patients required revision surgery for adjacent segment disease between 6 months and 3.5 years after CBT-FF (revision surgery rate, 4.4%), whereas the revision surgery rate for PPS-FF was 6.3% (9/143 cases). Average intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the CBT-FF group than in the PPS-FF group. CONCLUSIONSBoth procedures were equally useful in terms of fusion rate and clinical outcomes for DLS management.

Bioswales: As an Alternative Technique for Surface Groundwater Recharge Treatment in Urban Areas like Mumbai

The expeditious development and population growth in urban areas are connected to the environmental quality of the city, including the quality of water. Surface groundwater plays an immense role in the sustainability of urban areas. A variety of techniques are used and implemented for surface groundwater recharge treatment in urban areas. This study aims to assess the suitability of bioswales as an alternative technique for surface groundwater recharge treatment in urban areas like Mumbai. A bioswale is nothing but a narrow and shallow strip of a landscaped area that redirects and filters surface groundwater. It has a linear formation and is shallow in depth, and it is used to collect surface ground runoff water from non-porous surfaces such as structural rooftops of buildings, parking lots, tar and concrete roads, etc. The research methodology adopted is to study bioswales as an alternative system to enhance storm sewers, and traditional stormwater pipes in urban areas like Mumbai. These factors include construction techniques and Design, application/ Installation and maintenance, and the economic feasibility of the Bioswales system. The result indicates that bioswales can help by providing a way to conserve water, improve water quality, reduce pollution in waterways, and enhance biodiversity in urban areas like Mumbai. Keywords: Bioswale, Alternative technique, Surface ground water, Urban area, Mumbai.

Impact of habitual intake of glucosamine, fresh fruit, and tea on the risk of urolithiasis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Dietary patterns have a significant impact on the occurrence of urolithiasis. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between the consumption of glucosamine, fresh fruits, and tea, and the predisposition to urinary stones using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic proxies for these dietary factors were obtained from the UK Biobank, while the summary data for urolithiasis genome-wide association analyses were sourced from the FinnGen consortium. Five MR methodologies, namely inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode, were employed in the analysis. To validate the findings, sensitivity evaluations such as the MR-PRESSO disruption test and Cochran Q test for heterogeneity were performed. The IVW method showed that glucosamine consumption had a strong inverse association with urolithiasis risk (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.006, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.0001-0.287, P = .009), surpassing the associations of fresh fruits (OR = 0.464, 95% CI 0.219-0.983, P = .045) and tea (OR = 0.550, 95% CI 0.345-0.878, P = .012). These findings were consistent when verified using alternative MR techniques, and the sensitivity analyses further supported their credibility. The results of this MR analysis demonstrate that regular consumption of glucosamine, fresh fruits, and tea is inversely correlated with the risk of developing urolithiasis.

Kickstand Technique for Treatment of Valgus-Impacted Proximal Humerus Fractures

Purpose: Describe a new technique using a minimally invasive surgical intervention for the treatment of valgus-impacted proximal humerus fractures. The Kickstand technique is a novel approach that offers reliable fixation and union without the need for additional hardware. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case series of 3 patients with valgus-impacted proximal humerus fractures was treated with this Kickstand technique using an intramedullary fibular allograft. Postoperative x-rays and outcomes are presented. Results: The Kickstand technique was used to address valgus-impacted fractures in 3 patients. Postoperative range of motion and shoulder outcome scores were reported at 2 years for patients A and B, and at 1 year for patient C (Active range of motion external rotation: 28 degrees; Active range of motion elevation: 140 degrees; Simple Shoulder Test-12: 11; American Shoulder and Elbow Standardized Shoulder Assessment: 78). Postoperative Grashey and lateral x-rays for each patient show union of the valgus-impacted humerus. Conclusions: The Kickstand technique using intramedullary fibular allograft is an alternative fixation technique for displaced valgus proximal humerus fracture. It has the advantage of avoiding additional metallic hardware and allowing early motion but requires the use of intramedullary fibular allograft which can interfere with future use of stemmed humeral prosthesis.

Rapid and sensitive in situ detection of heavy metals in fish using enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Heavy metals have been widely applied in industry, agriculture, and other fields because of their outstanding physics and chemistry properties. They are non-degradable even at low concentrations, causing irreversible harm to the human and other organisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop high accuracy and sensitivity as well as stable techniques for their detection. Raman scattering spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) were used parallelly to detect heavy metal ions such as Hg, Cd, and Pb of different concentrations in fish samples. The concentration of the heavy metals is varied from 5 ppb to 5 ppm. Despite the satisfactory recoveries of AAS, their drawbacks are imperative for an alternative technique. In Raman scattering spectroscopy, the intensities and areas of the characteristic peaks are increased with increasing the concentration of the heavy metals. For Hg concentration ≥ 1 ppm, a slight shift is observed in the peak position. The obtained values of peak intensity and peak area are modeled according to Elvoich, Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order, and asymptotic1 exponential model. The best modeling was obtained using the Elovich model followed by the asymptotic1 exponential model. The introduced Raman spectroscopy-based approach for on-site detection of trace heavy metal pollution in fish samples is rapid, low-cost, and simple to implement, increasing its visibility in food safety and industrial applications.

Optimized protocols for RNA interference in Macrostomum lignano.

Macrostomum lignano, a marine free-living flatworm, has emerged as a potent invertebrate model in developmental biology for studying stem cells, germline, and regeneration processes. In recent years, many tools have been developed to manipulate this worm and to facilitate genetic modification. RNA interference is currently the most accessible and direct technique to investigate gene functions. It is obtained by soaking worms in artificial seawater containing dsRNA targeting the gene of interest. Although easy to perform, the original protocol calls for daily exchange of dsRNA solutions, usually until phenotypes are observed, which is both time- and cost-consuming. In this work, we have evaluated alternative dsRNA delivery techniques, such as electroporation and osmotic shock, to facilitate the experiments with improved time and cost efficiency. During our investigation to optimize RNAi, we demonstrated that, in the absence of diatoms, regular single soaking in artificial seawater containing dsRNA directly produced in bacteria or synthesized in vitro is, in most cases, sufficient to induce a potent gene knockdown for several days with a single soaking step. Therefore, this new and highly simplified method allows a very significant reduction of dsRNA consumption and lab work. In addition, it enables performing experiments on a larger number of worms at minimal cost.

Recent Advances on Scaffolds: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Fabrication Techniques, and Applications

Scaffolds offer a three-dimensional framework supporting cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells which are used to repair and regenerate tissues. Recent advancements in scaffold technology have significantly exploited the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This comprehensive review provides in-depth exploration of scaffold materials, fabrication techniques, and their recent progress in applications. Composite scaffolds have promising applications in bone and dental tissue regeneration due to their greater mechanical properties and ability to promote cell growth. The inherent crosslinking present in hydrogels allows them to maintain their integrity and three-dimensional structure without dissolving. However, there is a growing interest in smart hydrogels which can respond to changes in their external surroundings like pH, ionic strength, temperature, or specific molecules. dECM scaffold is an alternative potential technique for reconstructing the functional organs/tissues by excluding the cell-associated antigens while maintaining the native ECM compositions like growth factors, basement membrane structural proteins, and GAG’s. The degree of porosity in scaffolds can be increased by various fabrication techniques such as TIPS, SCPL, gas foaming, and freeze drying. GelMA hydrogels have shown promising potential in cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. In addition, graphene and its derivatives have been instrumental in the fabrication of bioactive scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. The introduction of additive manufacturing technologies, specifically 3D bioprinting, has significantly improved the precision and control of scaffold fabrication.

The Approximate Analysis of Higher-Order Frequencies of Nonlinear Vibrations of a Cantilever Beam With the Extended Galerkin Method

Abstract The nonlinear vibrations of elastic beams with large amplitudes are frequently treated as a typical problem of an elastica. As the continuation of the analysis of the deformation of an elastica, the nonlinear vibration equation of the elastic beam in the rotation angle of the cross section has been established. Using the deformation function, the nonlinear equation with the inertia effect has been solved by the newly proposed extended Galerkin method (EGM). The solution to the vibration problem of the elastica is compared with earlier approximate solutions including the frequencies and mode shapes obtained by other methods, and the rotation angle and energy of each mode at the high-order frequency are also calculated. This solution procedure provides an alternative technique to the elastica problem by the EGM with possible applications to other nonlinear problems in many fields of science and technology.

Changing water sources and extraction methods in Bangladesh: Challenges, consequences, and sustainable solutions

The quest for safe water in Bangladesh has resulted in the shift of water sources and extraction methods throughout history. The study aims to investigate the factors driving these changes, assess the consequences of current water consumption trends, and propose solutions for sustainable water management. The research highlights the historical shift from surface water to tube-wells for accessing groundwater, driven by their affordability and user-friendly nature. However, the discovery of arsenic contamination in tube-well water raised serious public health concerns, leading to the exploration of alternative water sources and extraction techniques. Various methods such as dug wells, pond sand filters, piped water supply, rainwater harvesting, and well-sharing have been adopted by communities and indigenous groups to ensure access to safe and clean water. The study reveals disparities in the installation of deep tube-wells by the government and NGOs, often overlooking safer water sources available at shallower depths. Furthermore, the study discusses the consequences of high-yielding technologies and increased water consumption in Sonargaon Upazila, leading to groundwater-related disasters and a decline in the groundwater table. Private irrigation facilities have become more popular among people, contributing to the declining groundwater table. This study provides insights into the changing water sources and extraction methods in Bangladesh, identifies the consequences of current water consumption trends, and proposes strategies for sustainable water management. The findings underline the importance of informed decision-making, government intervention, and community involvement to address the challenges of groundwater depletion and contamination in the region.

Deep learning hyperspectral imaging: a rapid and reliable alternative to conventional techniques in the testing of food quality and safety

Food quality and safety are a great public concern; outbreaks of food-borne illnesses can lead to different health problems. Consequently, rapid and non-destructive artificial intelligence approaches are required for sensing the safety situation of foods. As a promising technology, deep learning for hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has the potential for rapid food safety and quality evaluation and control. Spectral signatures of food substances are sensitive to water content variation, the extent of hydrogen bonding, geographical origin, harvesting time and the variety of food under study. Deep learning models have shown great potential in addressing the challenge of sensitivity of spectral signatures of food substances. After discussing the basics of HSI, this review provides a detailed study of various deep-learning algorithms that have been put to use via HSI in the determination of sensory and physicochemical properties, adulteration and microbiological contamination of food products. The existing literature includes HSI for evaluating quality attributes and safety of different food categories like fruits, vegetables, cereals, milk and meat. This paper presents a practical framework for deep learning-based food quality assessment using hyperspectral imagery. We demonstrate its versatility across diverse food quality domains and provide a concise step-by-step guide for researchers. It has been predicted that deep learning for HSI can be considered a reliable alternative technique to conventional methods in realising rapid and accurate inspection, for testing food quality and safety.

Non‐invasive measurement of glucocorticoids: The reptile perspective

AbstractRecent advancements in stress physiology, driven by the relevance of the stress response in animal welfare and conservation, have focused on alternative techniques beyond blood sampling for measuring glucocorticoids (GC). While blood samples have been traditionally used, practical and ethical concerns have spurred exploration into minimally invasive media like saliva, feces, milk, hair, and feathers. This review addresses the dearth of research on reptile endocrinology, offering insights into measuring GC or their metabolites in reptiles through various biological tissues. It underscores the importance of considering temporal dynamics in stress response evaluation and advocates for further exploration of alternative tools to enhance our understanding of reptilian stress responses.

A Hybrid Approach for Sustainable and Resilient Farmer Selection in Food Industry: Tunisian Case Study

This paper presents an innovative approach for supplier selection (SS) within the Tunisian dairy industry, with a specific focus on sustainability and resilience. The proposed method is a hybrid model that integrates multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) with fuzzy logic. Initially, twelve distinct criteria are identified, categorized into social, environmental, economic, and resilience indexes through a combination of literature review and expert input. To establish the importance of these criteria, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is employed to calculate their weights. These weights are then integrated into a new method called fuzzy multi-attribute border approximation area comparison (FMABAC) to rank the suppliers. The methodology aims to provide decision-makers with a more intuitive means of expressing their preferences and evaluating supplier criteria, ultimately identifying the most effective dairy farmers. The research concludes by evaluating the results through two sensitivity analyses: one involving varying criteria weights and the other involving a comparative assessment with alternative fuzzy MCDM techniques.

Isolated sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center experience in 44 patients.

Isolated sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) constitute a rare and distinctive subtype of DAVF, typically found in small case numbers or case reports. The optimal treatment for this DAVF type remains unclear. This study aims to further detail the treatment outcomes of isolated sinus DAVFs in a sizable cohort from a single center. A retrospective study was undertaken on a consecutive series of patients with isolated sinus DAVFs treated at a single institution from 2002 to 2022. The article delineates the clinical presentation, angiographic features, treatment strategy, clinical and angiographic outcomes, and complications. The cohort consisted of 31 males and 13 females, with an average age of 52.0 ± 15.5years (range, 16-83). The success rate for trans-arterial embolization (TAE) was 97.3% (36/37). Transvenous embolization (TVE) with the reopening technique was successful in 3 of 4 patients (75.0%). Two open burr-hole TVE cases (66.7%, 2/3) and one surgery (100%) resulted in immediate complete closure of the fistula. Immediate complete occlusion was achieved in 93.2% (41/44) of cases. There was one major complication (2.3%, 1/44) and two fistulas recurred (9.5%, 2/21). The majority of isolated sinus DAVFs can be effectively treated with TAE using Onyx. TVE and surgery serve as alternative techniques when arterial access is deemed inappropriate or when complete occlusion cannot be attained with TAE. Complete embolization of isolated sinus DAVFs by TAE can typically be achieved without delay.